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Linas Virbalas Continuent, Inc.

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/  Definition & Motivation /  Three Stories /  How? /  Questions and Answers

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© Continuent 2010

Heterogeneous Replication

Replication between different types of DBMS

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1.  Real-time integration of data between different DBMS types

2.  Seamless migration out of one DBMS type to another 3.  Data warehousing (real-time) from different DBMS

types

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/  Name: Linas Virbalas /  Country: Lithuania /  Implementing for Tungsten:

•  MySQL -> PostgreSQL •  MySQL -> Greenplum •  MySQL -> Oracle •  PostgreSQL WAL •  PostgreSQL Streaming Replication •  PostgreSQL Logical Replication

via Slony logs

/  Blog: http://flyingclusters.blogspot.com

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© Continuent 2010

1.  Story of MySQL -> … •  How to replicate from MySQL to PostgreSQL/Greenplum?

Oracle?

2.  Story of PostgreSQL -> PostgreSQL •  Advanced Logical Replication

3.  Story of PostgreSQL -> … •  For now: how to replicate from PostgreSQL to MySQL

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Why?

Because It Can! :)

With Tungsten Replicator

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/  Interfaces to implement new: •  Extractors •  Filters •  Appliers

/  Multiple replication services per one process /  JAVA /  Open Source GPL v2

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Technology: Replication Pipelines

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/  Statement Based Replication

/  Row Based Replication

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Tungsten Replicator

Tungsten Replicator

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Master Replicator

MySQL Extractor

Transaction History Log

Slave Replicator

PostgreSQL Applier

Transaction History Log

Filters Filters

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/  Provisioning /  Data Type Differences /  Database vs. Schema /  Default (Implicitly Defined) Schema Selection /  SQL Dialect Differences

•  Statement Replication vs. Row Replication

/  Character Sets and Binary Data /  Old Versions of MySQL

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Provisioning

/  Harder way: Dump data explicitly

/  Easier way: Replicate a mysqldump backup

Replicator

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MySQL PostgreSQL ! TINYINT SMALLINT

SMALLINT SMALLINT INTEGER INTEGER BIGINT BIGINT

! CHAR(1) CHAR(5) = {‘true’, ‘false’} CHAR(x) CHAR(x) VARCHAR(x) VARCHAR(x) DATE DATE TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP

! TEXT (diff. sizes) TEXT ! BLOB BYTEA

…

/  Note the type differences between MySQL and PG

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Database vs. Schema

/  In MySQL these are the same: ! !CREATE DATABASE foo!

! !CREATE SCHEMA foo!

/  In PostgreSQL these are very different: CREATE DATABASE foo!! !CREATE SCHEMA foo!

/  Tungsten uses filters to rectify MySQL databases to PostgreSQL schemas

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MySQL Implicit MySQL Explicit CREATE SCHEMA s; CREATE SCHEMA s; USE s;

! CREATE TABLE t (i int); CREATE TABLE s.t (i int); ! INSERT INTO t (1); INSERT INTO s.t (1);

/  MySQL: Trivial to use `USE` /  MySQL: Going without `USE` generates different

events

/  PG: Extract the default schema from the event /  PG: Set it before applying

MySQL PostgreSQL USE s; > SET search_path TO s, "$user”;

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MySQL PostgreSQL CREATE TABLE complex (id INTEGER AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, i INT);

CREATE TABLE complex (id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, i INT);

CREATE TABLE dt (i TINYINT); CREATE TABLE dt (i SMALLINT); …

/  Differences between DDL and DML statement SQL dialects

/  Row Replication resolves issues rising from differences in DML, but still leaves DDL to handle

/  Tungsten Replicator Filters come to the rescue! •  Simple to develop Java or JavaScript extensions •  Event structure IN -> Filter -> Event structure OUT

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MySQL PostgreSQL INSERT INTO embedded_blob (key, data) VALUES (1, ‘?\0^Es\0^\0\’’)

ARGH!!! (SQL statement fails)

create table xlate(id int, d1 varchar(25) character set latin1, d2 varchar(25) character set utf8);

ARGH!!! (no way to translate to common charset)

/  Statement replication: MySQL syntax is “permissive” /  Embedded binary / alternate charsets /  Different charsets for different clients

/  Row replication: database/table/column charsets may differ

/  Answer: Stick with one character set throughout; use row replication to move binary data

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Logical Physical MySQL Statement Based x

MySQL Row Based x MySQL Mixed x

PostgreSQL WAL Shipping x PostgreSQL Streaming Replication x Filters (data transformation) possible + -

Different data/structure on slave possible

+ -

/  A transaction is not accessible to the replicator under physical replication

/  Tungsten Replicator manages WAL/Streaming Replication

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Logical Physical MySQL Statement Based x

MySQL Row Based x MySQL Mixed x

PostgreSQL WAL Shipping x PostgreSQL Streaming Replication x

Tungsten Replicator w/ PostgreSQLSlonyExtractor

x

Filters (data transformation) possible + - Different data/structure on slave

possible + -

/  With PostgreSQLSlonyExtractor transaction goes through the Replicator pipeline

Slave Replicator

Transaction History Log

Master Replicator

PostgreSQL SlonyExtractor

Transaction History Log

Filters Filters

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© Continuent 2010

Slave Replicator

MySQLApplier

Transaction History Log

Master Replicator

PostgreSQL SlonyExtractor

Transaction History Log

Filters Filters

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© Continuent 2010

© Continuent 2010

© Continuent 2010

Open Source http://tungsten-replicator.org #tungsten @ irc.freenode.net

My Blog: http://flyingclusters.blogspot.com

Commercial sales@continuent.com

Continuent Web Site: http://www.continuent.com