Post on 02-Jan-2021
Fireplaces: Good for your CO2 footprint, bad for air quality
Ulrich Pfeffer, Tanja Schuck, Ludger Breuer North Rhine-Westphalia State Agency for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection
Green Week, 4 -7 June 2013, Brussels ulrich.pfeffer@lanuv.nrw.de
23 November 2011
Air Quality in Europe: Particulate Matter
2
• EU limit values for PM10 are exceeded in many European cities
• Episodes with high PM10 levels − e. g. winter 2011 / 2012
• To reduce the PM burden we need to know the sources
Green Week, 4 -7 June 2013, Brussels ulrich.pfeffer@lanuv.nrw.de
Background
• Combustion releases a number of substances into the air e. g. carbon monoxide, aerosol particles, hydrocarbons, PAH, …
• Each type of combustion process bears a characteristic signature
• Wood burning emissions can be identified by specific tracers such as certain – hydrocarbons – isotopic carbon “fingerprint” – a class of sugars: anhydrosugars, one of them is levoglucosan
3
Green Week, 4 -7 June 2013, Brussels ulrich.pfeffer@lanuv.nrw.de 4
Number o Stoves and Fireplaces sold in Germany
Green Week, 4 -7 June 2013, Brussels ulrich.pfeffer@lanuv.nrw.de
Air Quality Network in NRW
5
We use Levoglucosan to get a grasp of how strongly wood burning influences local and regional air quality
North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW): − 34.000 km² − 18 million people − a dense air quality
monitoring network
Green Week, 4 -7 June 2013, Brussels ulrich.pfeffer@lanuv.nrw.de 6
PM10 Concentration in NRW
0
20
40
60
80
100
01/1
1/20
11
08/1
1/20
11
15/1
1/20
11
22/1
1/20
11
29/1
1/20
11
06/1
2/20
11
13/1
2/20
11
20/1
2/20
11
27/1
2/20
11
03/0
1/20
12
10/0
1/20
12
17/0
1/20
12
24/0
1/20
12
31/0
1/20
12
07/0
2/20
12
14/0
2/20
12
21/0
2/20
12
28/0
2/20
12
06/0
3/20
12
13/0
3/20
12
20/0
3/20
12
27/0
3/20
12
03/0
4/20
12
10/0
4/20
12
17/0
4/20
12
24/0
4/20
12
PM 10
[ µg
/m³ ]
BIEL
EIFE
DUBR
DUM2
EU daily limit value
Green Week, 4 -7 June 2013, Brussels ulrich.pfeffer@lanuv.nrw.de 7
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5Le
vogl
ucos
an [
µg/m
³ ] BIEL
EIFEDUBRDUM2
0,0%
1,0%
2,0%
3,0%
4,0%
5,0%
1/11
8/11
15/1
1
22/1
1
29/1
1
6/12
13/1
2
20/1
2
27/1
2
3/1
10/1
17/1
24/1
31/1 7/2
14/2
21/2
28/2 6/3
13/3
20/3
27/3 3/4
10/4
17/4
24/4
Rel
ativ
e S
hare
of
Levo
gluc
osan
in P
M10
BIELEIFEDUBRDUM2
Absolute and Relative Concentrations of Levoglucosan in PM10
Green Week, 4 -7 June 2013, Brussels ulrich.pfeffer@lanuv.nrw.de 8
Project „Smoke in my Garden ...“
Source 1 Source 2
2 x LVS
In the past .....
Determination of conversion factor: PM10 = F • levoglucosan (≈ 13)
Green Week, 4 -7 June 2013, Brussels ulrich.pfeffer@lanuv.nrw.de 9
Contribution of Wood Burning to PM10
0
50
100
01/1
1/20
11
01/1
2/20
11
01/0
1/20
12
01/0
2/20
12
01/0
3/20
12
01/0
4/20
12
PM10
[ µg
/m³ ]
PM10 at Station DUM2
PM10 wood burning
PM10 other sources
EU daily limit value
Green Week, 4 -7 June 2013, Brussels ulrich.pfeffer@lanuv.nrw.de 10
PM10 Limit Value Exceedances
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
BIE
L
BO
RG
BO
TT
BU
CH
DD
CS
DM
D2
DU
BR
DU
M2
EIF
E
GE
LS
GR
GG
KR
ES
MH
HS
STY
R
VAC
W
VKT
U
VM
GR
VW
EL
WA
LS
WA
ST
# da
ys >
50
µg/m
³
Station
PM10 Exceedances caused by wood burning (Nov 2011 - April 2012)
wood burningPM10 other sources
EU limit value: 35 days per year
Green Week, 4 -7 June 2013, Brussels ulrich.pfeffer@lanuv.nrw.de 11
Sensitivity Analysis of Conversion Factor F
Percentage of days > 50 µg/m³ PM10 caused by wood burningcalculated as LG * F (with F = 6 ..... 15)
21 sites in NRW
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Nov 11 Dez 11 Jan 12 Feb 12 Mrz 12 Apr 12
Per
cent
age
6 8 10 11 12 13 15
Green Week, 4 -7 June 2013, Brussels ulrich.pfeffer@lanuv.nrw.de
Some Examples across Europe
12
Maenhaut 2012:
In Flanders 10 – 15 % of winterly PM10 are from wood burning
Borrego 2010:
PM10 burden in Lisbon due to
residential wood combustion − up to 60 exceedance days total
could be avoided all over Portugal
by usage of certified appliances
Caseiro 2010:
10% of PM10 load in autumn
and winter in Vienna are related to wood smoke
Green Week, 4 -7 June 2013, Brussels ulrich.pfeffer@lanuv.nrw.de 13
Summary and Conclusions
Potential for significant reduction of exceedance days
Quality of combustion process plays a crucial role
Use stoves rather than open fire places
Replace or upgrade old installations for domestic heating
Use stoves with optimal combustion and filter techniques
Regulation of use of single stoves during episodes with high PM concentrations?
Transport of air masses plays also an important role a European Issue
Fireplaces: good for your CO2 footprint, bad for air quality
Ulrich Pfeffer, Ludger Breuer, Dieter Gladtke, Tanja Schuck North Rhine Westphalian State Agency for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection