Post on 13-Aug-2020
www.redbooklive.com
Dr Sarah Colwell, Director Fire Suppression
Fire Suppression Options and Update
Firex
Excel, London
20th June 2018
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Topics
Fire Strategy
Fire Principles
Fire Suppression Options
3rd Party Approval
Questions
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What is the risk being
addressed?
– Life Safety
– Property Protection– Insurance Industry
– Business Interruption
Fire Safety Objective
Life safety
Property Protection
Business interruption
Duration of Fire
Temperature
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Holistic Approach
Risk
Mitigation
Putting into practice
Training
Maintenanceand review
Fire Principles
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Fuel
Oxygen
Heat
The Fire Triangle
All three components are required for a sustained fire
Fire Suppression Options
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Fire Protection Approach
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Which codes and standards?
Life safety
Property Protection
Business interruption
Duration of Fire
Temperature
Local ApplicationCompartment
Protection
Local Protection
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– Manual Intervention
– Local Detection
– Portable Extinguishers (EN3 Standard)
– Hose Reels
– Automatic Intervention
– Direct Low Pressure Systems (LPS 1666)
– Kitchen Fire Suppression (LPS 1223)
Local protection
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Direct Low Pressure (LPS1666)
– Protection of small unoccupied defined volume enclosures
– Single method for detection and delivery of the extinguishing agent to the
activation point
– Using heat sensitive pneumatic detection tubing
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Design Limitations
– Maximum single volume of 2m3
– Up to 4 detection tube runs connected to single container
– A maximum heat detection tube length of 10m from the
container outlet to the end of any single detection tube run
10m
2m3
10m
2m3
1m3
10m 10m
1m3
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Design Requirements – Mandatory
– The system shall protect the define enclosure and prevent fire spread to adjoining
cabinets or enclosures
– The system shall be capable of:
• Connection to a fire alarm or other warning device
• Isolating power supplies and auxiliary equipment such as fan units to the cabinet
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LPS1223
Requirements and testing
procedures for the LPCB
certification and Listing of Fixed
Fire Extinguishing Systems for
Catering Equipment
Principle of systems design:
• Detection
• Annunciation
• Extinction
Compartment ProtectionSprinklers, Watermist, Gas
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How sprinklers work
Sprinklers work by:
– Removing heat from the fire
– By wetting surfaces ahead of the flame
– By cooling the atmosphere below the ceiling helping to protect the structure
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Body and yoke arms
Deflector
Sprinkler operation
Glass “frangible” bulb
filled with a blend of
thermally expansive
liquids
Seating
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Schematic Design
A sprinkler system consists of:
– Water supply
– Pump & valves
– An alarm valve and a stop valve
– Pipework
– Sprinkler heads
Sprinkler
Valve RoomPump
House
0m to >100m
Post pallet storage
0m to >100m
Control
valve
Water supply
tank
Pump
Stop
valve
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Why Install Sprinklers?
– Sprinklers automatically detect a fire, discharge water onto it and raise an
alarm, even when the building is unoccupied.
– They deliver water directly to the seat of the fire.
– They limit the extent of fire spread and smoke.
– They reduce water damage compared to fire brigade operations.
– They have a well established design rules
– They have very high reliability and require minimum maintenance.
– They can provide all over protection to a building including concealed spaces,
storage racks etc.
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Sprinkler components
– Sprinkler system components testing & approvals
– Sprinkler heads
– Wet/Dry alarm valves
– Pipe fittings & couplings
– Flexible drops
– Plastic pipes
– Flow meters
– Pre-action systems
– Tanks
– Pumps & Drivers
Reliability – 3rd Party Approvals
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Summary - sprinklers
– Comprehensive regulations and standards
– Performance is dependent on system components (3rd Party Approved)
– Design installation and maintenance is dependent on contractors (3rd Party
Approved)
– New products and “out-of-standard” systems can be tested following
developed procedures
Watermist Systems
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How watermist systems work
– Water mist systems are
fixed fire protection
systems that generate,
distribute and maintain a
quantity of droplets
sufficient for the
protection of risk in order
to extinguish, suppress or
control a fire
Heat
removed
from flame
Spray penetrates
flame
Oxygen reduced
by steam and
fire
Surface
wetting
of fuel
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Critical parameters
– Increase surface area, increase efficiency
– Decrease drop size, increases influence by other flows
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What is watermist?
– Local application or total
compartment
– Bespoke systems (detector,
actuation, pipe, pump, tank,
pressure)
– Installed to manufacturer’s design
manuals (no standard designs)
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Why Install Watermist?
– Watermist automatically detect a fire, discharge water onto it and
raise an alarm, even when the building is unoccupied.
– They deliver water droplets directly to the seat of the fire.
– They limit the extent of fire spread, smoke and damage.
– They have relatively small pipework, pumps and tanks for the
areas protected.
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Where are fires extinguished?
– Watermist works best with large flaming fires in small rooms
– Rapid heat removal– Rapid water vapour production– Drops contained and recirculated
– Examples– Engine rooms– Deepfat fryers
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Where are fires suppressed?
– Watermist is used to suppress, solid combustible fuels
– Temperature knockdown in room
– Limited flame spread
– Examples
– Domestic and residential buildings
– On board ships
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Which scenarios are difficult?
Watermist is challenged by:
– Deep-seated fires
– Obstacles
– Open spaces
– Tall ceilings
– Air flows
– Case by case
– review of all supporting data and survey of installation
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Summary – watermist systems
– Application is limited to tested scenarios
– Arrangements that are difficult for watermist systems include:
– Open spaces with high ceilings
– Ventilation and obstructions
– Standards are in development for built environment
– Performance is dependent on system design and components (case-by-case
approvals)
– Installation and maintenance is dependent on contractors (case-by-case
approvals)
– Limited 3rd party approvals
Fixed Gas Fire Extinguishing Systems
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Extinguishment Mechanisms
– Cooling
– Oxygen displacement
– Chemical inhibition
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Extinguishing gases
Designation Gas Mixtures
Inert Gases IG01 Argon
IG100 Nitrogen
IG541 Nitrogen, Argon and Carbon
Dioxide
IG55 Nitrogen and Argon
Designation Trade Names
Chemical
Gases
HFC227ea FM200
FK-5-1-12 Novec 1230
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Delivery system
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Room
– Ventilation
– Gas conc.
– Flow calculations
– Temperature
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Why install gas systems?
– Property Protection:
– To protect data processing areas, floor voids and industrial
areas from the effects of fire.
– Life Safety:
– To protect people by extinguishing a fire in a hazardous
area.
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Why install gas systems?
– Suitable for unoccupied spaces
– Gas systems automatically detect a fire, discharge gas in the protected
area and raise an alarm.
– They extinguish the fire.
– They limit the extent of fire spread, smoke and damage.
– They have relatively small pipework, pumps and tanks for the areas
protected.
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Component Approvals
• Gaseous system components testing & approvals to EN12094 series
– Nozzles, hoses & pipes, flexible connectors
– Container valves, selector valves, non-return valves, check valves
– Control & delay devices, alarm devices
– Pressure gauges, weighing devices, panels
– Cylinders
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Summary
Gas extinguishing systems
– Employed for property protection
– Comprehensive regulations and standards
– Performance is dependent on system design and
components (LPS 1230)
– Installation and maintenance is dependent on contractors
(LPS 1204)
– Systems selection dependent on environmental, safety &
storage
3rd Party Approval
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Test Reports A test report is a statement of fact –
a snapshot in time
related solely to the product presented
at the time of testing and reports only
the information detailed in the
Standard.
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Buyer beware
– Was the sample representative?
– ‘Golden’ Sample
– Fully compliant with the standard?
– Was the testing Independent?
– Will future products be the same?
What if Materials, designs or processes change?
– No surveillance audits
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3rd Party Approval - On-going
processes
Selection
Determination (Testing)
ReviewCertification
Decision
Listing
Survellance(Factory
Production Control)
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Loss Prevention Standards
Loss Prevention Standards (LPS)
developed in collaboration with
industry, clients, insurers, regulators
and other stakeholders
Consensus documents developed by
stakeholders
Based on National, European or
International standards
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What do we test and approve?
– Passive fire protection products and services
– Fire detection and alarm systems and services
– Sprinkler, spray and deluge systems and services
– Fire extinguishers and hose reels
– Fixed fire fighting systems and services
– Security products
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Fire Protection Installer Schemes
– LPS 1048 – Sprinkler systems – industrial and commercial
– LPS 1301 – Sprinkler systems - residential and domestic
– LPS 1014 – Fire detection and alarm systems
– LPS 1204 – Gas extinguishing systems
– LPS 1531 – Passive fire protection products
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Red Book
– web-based live database;
www.redbooklive.com– Via APP store
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LPCB
Watford, UK
WD25 9XX
+44 (0)333 321 88 11
enquiries@bre.co.uk
www.bregroup.com/products/lpcb
Thank you
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