Post on 29-Mar-2015
FIRE GROUND STRATEGY AND TACTICS
THE BASICS
DEFINITIONS I
STRATEGY: The broad Goal, the overallplan. What has to be done.
TACTIC: A specific measurable Objective.How will it be done.
TASK: a specific assigned activity. Who willdo it.
DEFINITIONS II
STRATEGY = Incident Commander. Decides the Goal (RECEO/REVAS)
TACTIC = Operations/Division Officer. Chooses objectives to reach goal (interior attack, roof ventilation, etc).
TASK = Group/Firefighters. Perform the functions to reach objective
Basic Fire Ground Strategy and Tactics
Lif e Saf ety Incident Stabil izat ion Property C onservat ion
IN C IDEN T PRIO RIT IES
Basic Fire Ground Strategy and Tactics
(Fire Attack) Strategy: The
Goal, what has to be done
Tactic: the objective,how will it be done
Task: the assigned activity, who will do it
Strategy = The Incident Commander
Tactic: The Operations/Division Officer
Task:: The Firefighters, perform the functions
Command SequenceThink! Plan! Act!
Think:: Size Up, Pre-Fire Plan, and Goal
Plan: Strategy and Tactics
Act: Implementation
Incident Commander
to Operations
to Firefighter/ Groups
Primary Factors to Determine Strategy
Rescue Exposures Confinement Extinguishment Overhaul
Ventilation Salvage
(FEMA)
Rescue Evacuation Ventilation Attack Salvage
(Fire Attack)
Questions To Ask
What do I Have? What am I doing What do I need? Where is it going? How do I control it? Who is in command?
Strategic Concepts In Firefighting (McAniff)
OFFENSIVE: Direct attack at seat of fire. Normally at Incipient Stage, this solves all problems.
OFFENSIVE/DEFENSIVE: An attack on the main body of fire, while taking measures to control extension.
DEFENSIVE/OFFENSIVE: A holding action,it keeps fire in reasonable bounds while more forces are called.
DEFENSIVE: Surround and Drown, protect the exposures.
INDIRECT: A Contained/Confined smoldering fire, where use of steam expansion is taken advantage of and there is no rescue.
General Principles of Firefighting (Norman)
Lacking sufficient manpower,rescue takes precedence.
Remove those in greatest danger first! With insufficient manpower to perform needed
tasks, perform those that protect the most first. When sufficient manpower is available
coordinate both rescue and fire attack. If there are no threats to occupants or no
occupants, Firefighters should no be unduly endangered.
Engine Company OperationsAggressive attacks are a necessity.Begin suppression as soon as possible.
Choose the proper operating mode
OFFENSIVE
DEFENSIVE
INDIRECT
Basic Fire Ground Strategy and Tactics
When a human life is at stake an interior attack is mandated.
1st hose line to worst case before worrying about other hose lines.
If attack stalled increase ventilation or water flow, or both. If not working CHANGE TACTICS!
When effective offensive attack is not possible or has not succeeded in 20 minutes, prepare defensive positions
When forced to defensive mode consider the possible effect of total structure involvement.
LOCATE CONFINEEXTINGUISH
“LET CIRCUMSTANCES DICTATE PROCEDURES…ERR ON THE SIDE OF SAFETY.”
Sources:IMS by NFPA
Fire Attack by Emergency Resources Inc.
Fire Officer’s Handbook of Tactics by John Norman
Strategic Concepts in Fire Fighting by Edward P. McAniff
DISCUSSION
•Residential Garage
•Car Fires
•Strip Mall/Deluge gun
•Mid-Rise/Outside balcony
•Nursing Home
The Plaza: 8220-8224-8228 Jog Rd. Boynton Beach
Q.A.S. Strategy and Tactics Exercise
Assisted Care Living Facility3 Story Building: Type 5P – Concrete and
wood – 1 hour. Ext. block walls, poured conc. Floors.
1st fl. 53,000 #ft (core style hallways)
2nd & 3rd flrs. @37,8000 #ft (center style hallways
Roof: Tile, wood truss/joist
Standpipes/Sprinklers
145 apartments
North West Entrance
North Side Plaza
North East Side Fire
Annunciator Panel North Side
Plaza Elevator
South West Entrance
South East Side Fire
West Side Center
West Side Center 2
FDC
Gas S/OKnox Box
Alarm Panel
Alarm Panel
Third Floor Landing
Hallway Smoke/Fire
Roof Access Part 2
3rd Floor Roof View
2nd Floor Roof Access
3rd Floor Roof Fire
Under Ground L.P.North East Corner
THE END