Finn Palmgren et al. TFMM PM Workshop, Paris 2006 1

National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark

PM pollution in Denmark

Finn Palmgren, Thomas Ellermann and Peter Wåhlin

National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark

Finn Palmgren et al. TFMM PM Workshop, Paris 2006 2

National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark

PM sources in Denmark

• The main local sources to PM in Denmark are road traffic and wood stoves.

• The permit system applied to all point sources in Denmark makes non-compliance with the limit values very unlikely.

• European emissions (including ships) of gases and particles contribute significantly to the PM pollution in Denmark

Finn Palmgren et al. TFMM PM Workshop, Paris 2006 3

Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser

N

B a c k g ro u n d N e tw o rk

U rb a n N e tw o rk (L M P ) tr a ffic u rb a n b a c k g ro u n d ru ra l

100 km

A alborg

Å rhus

Lille ValbyK øben-havn

O dense

K eldsnor

Monitoring strategy

Finn Palmgren et al. TFMM PM Workshop, Paris 2006 4

National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark

Levels and trends

• PM10 measurements were introduced in 2001.

• The rural and urban background of PM10 is approx. 20 µg/m3, mainly fine particles.

• The decreasing trends are significant at all traffic sites, except a very busy street in Copenhagen.

Finn Palmgren et al. TFMM PM Workshop, Paris 2006 5

National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark

Summary of PM measurements 2005

Location Average 36. highest Max.Traffic:Copenhagen/1257 33 53 110Århus/6153 29 45 83Odense/9155 34 55 140Aalborg/8151 33 49 189

Urban background:Copenhagen/1259 23 37 67Århus/6159 24 39 112Odense/9159 27 43 79Aalborg/8159 25 39 88

Rural background:Ll. Valby/2090 25 40 69Keldsnor/9055 26 37 63Limit value 40  50    -   

PM10 (gravimetric)

Location Average 36. highest

Traffic:Copenhagen/1103 15 22

Urban backgr.:Copenhagen/1259 11 18

Rural:Lille Valby/2090 11 16

PM2.5 (TEOM)

Finn Palmgren et al. TFMM PM Workshop, Paris 2006 6

National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark

PM2.5 in street and urban background

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Street Urban background

PM

2.5 (

µg/m

3 )

Exhaust

Brakes

Road, tires etc.

Road salt

Secondaryorganic+onknownPrimary non-traffic

Secondary inorganic

Natural (soil, sea etc)

Source contribution (schematic)

• The local contribution is small in urban background.

• Secondary organic + unknown contributions are very uncertain.

Finn Palmgren et al. TFMM PM Workshop, Paris 2006 7

National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark

PM 2.5 trend stree t

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

PM

2.5 (

µg

/m3 )

Exhaust

Brakes

Road dust

Road salt

Secondaryorganic+unknownPrimary non-traffic

Secondary inorganic

Natural

PM2.5 trend urban background

0

5

10

15

20

25

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

PM

2.5 (

µg

/m3 )

Traffic urban background

Secondaryorganic+unknown

Primary non-traffic

Secondary inorganic

Natural

• Assessment of trends related to the new EU-directive on PM2.5

• EMEP emission data are used for assessment of secondary inorganic PM.

• EURO norms are used for assessment of exhaust emssions from traffic.

• Other emissions are assumed constant.

Finn Palmgren et al. TFMM PM Workshop, Paris 2006 8

National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark

SvovldioxidPartikulært sulfat Ammoniak

Partikulært ammonium

Kvælstof-dioxid

Partikulært nitrat og salpetersyre

% % % % % %Anholt 77 34 -55 21 54 21Frederiksborg 70 30 -39 21 32 18Keldsnor 44 24 -21 16 23 16Lindet 41 25 -8 18 16 16Tange 44 25 -9 21 15 18Ulborg 48 25 -9 20 20 18København, bybaggrund 62 29 -41 20 20 18

Contributions from ships

SO2 Part. S NH3 Part. amm. Nitrogen Part. N

Finn Palmgren et al. TFMM PM Workshop, Paris 2006 9

National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark

PM2.5 contributions in Copenhagen (urban background) from ships

All sources Without ships Fraction from ships

µg/m3µg/m3 %

Primary particles 2.1 1.4 36Particulate S 2.1 1.7 29Particulate amm. 1.4 1.1 20Particulate N 1.7 1.4 18Others 12.4 12.4 0Total 20.0 18.0 10

Finn Palmgren et al. TFMM PM Workshop, Paris 2006 10

National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark

Thank you!