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FINGERPRINT BASEDFINGERPRINT BASED
ACCESS CONTROLACCESS CONTROLSYSTEM WITH USER FACESYSTEM WITH USER FACE
IDENTIFICATIONIDENTIFICATION
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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Biometrics is making revolution in the field of Biometrics is making revolution in the field of access control and security systems. Most of theaccess control and security systems. Most of thesystems used today are using punch cards or systems used today are using punch cards or
smart cards for time & attendance purposes.smart cards for time & attendance purposes. The main disadvantage of this system is there isThe main disadvantage of this system is there is
always chance of fake entry and thus falsealways chance of fake entry and thus falsestorage will take place.storage will take place.
This problem can be overcome by use of This problem can be overcome by use of fingerprint scan verification. Since thumb is thefingerprint scan verification. Since thumb is theunique identity of each individual it is notunique identity of each individual it is notpossible to enter fake timings for entry or exit.possible to enter fake timings for entry or exit.
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But in case of highly secured systems ex,But in case of highly secured systems ex,
Military premises fingerprint alone cannotMilitary premises fingerprint alone cannotprovide the highest level of security. In thisprovide the highest level of security. In this
case to make a highly secured system facecase to make a highly secured system face
identification is additionally provided as anidentification is additionally provided as an
ultra measure.ultra measure.
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SUMMERYSUMMERY
This project implements a BiometricsThis project implements a Biometrics
Access Control Terminal with fingerprint & Access Control Terminal with fingerprint &
face identification using an ARMface identification using an ARMmicrocontroller. Ethernet capability canmicrocontroller. Ethernet capability can
also be provided to make a completealso be provided to make a complete
Network Enabled Biometrics AccessNetwork Enabled Biometrics Access
Control System.Control System.
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The fingerprint of the user will be capturedThe fingerprint of the user will be capturedusing the fingerprint scanner module. Theusing the fingerprint scanner module. Thefingerprint would be processed by thefingerprint would be processed by themodule and if a match is found then thismodule and if a match is found then this
data is communicated to the ARM uC.data is communicated to the ARM uC.
Then uC will also capture the timestamp of Then uC will also capture the timestamp of the fingerprint scan from the RTC.the fingerprint scan from the RTC.
All these timing details will be stored in the All these timing details will be stored in thememory.memory.
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LCD will be used to display differentLCD will be used to display differentmessages.messages.
LED and buzzer indication can also beLED and buzzer indication can also beprovided for access allowed/accessprovided for access allowed/accessdenied etc.denied etc.
The keyboard will be used to enter user The keyboard will be used to enter user ID, to change user ID, for selecting modesID, to change user ID, for selecting modesetc.etc.
Once a user is successfully verified at theOnce a user is successfully verified at the
terminal using his/her fingerprint, a liveterminal using his/her fingerprint, a liveimage of the user is captured using theimage of the user is captured using theCMOS camera at the terminal.CMOS camera at the terminal.
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The image will be transmitted over TCP/IPThe image will be transmitted over TCP/IP
to the server.to the server.
The software on the sever will retrieve theThe software on the sever will retrieve the
user image stored on the server databaseuser image stored on the server database
and will provide a comparison between theand will provide a comparison between the
retrieved and the live image.retrieved and the live image.
Once the identity of the user is verifiedOnce the identity of the user is verified
completely the user can be grantedcompletely the user can be granted
access to the premises.access to the premises.
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MAIN COMPONENTSMAIN COMPONENTS
Fingerprint Scanner Module.Fingerprint Scanner Module.
CMOS Color Camera.CMOS Color Camera. Ethernet Controller Interface.Ethernet Controller Interface.
Display & Keypad.Display & Keypad.
Analog Interface for Door Control. Analog Interface for Door Control.
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FINGER PRINT SCANNERFINGER PRINT SCANNER
MODULEMODULE
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Fingerprint image acquisition is consideredFingerprint image acquisition is considered
the most critical step of an automatedthe most critical step of an automated
fingerprint authentication system, as itfingerprint authentication system, as it
determines the final fingerprint imagedetermines the final fingerprint image
quality, which has drastic effects on thequality, which has drastic effects on the
overall system performance.overall system performance. There are different types of fingerprintThere are different types of fingerprint
readers on the market, but the basic ideareaders on the market, but the basic idea
behind each capture approach is tobehind each capture approach is tomeasure in some way the physicalmeasure in some way the physical
difference between ridges and valleys.difference between ridges and valleys.
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All the proposed methods can be grouped All the proposed methods can be grouped
in two major families: solidin two major families: solid--state fingerprintstate fingerprintreaders and optical fingerprint readers.readers and optical fingerprint readers.
The procedure for capturing a fingerprintThe procedure for capturing a fingerprintusing a sensor consists of rolling or using a sensor consists of rolling or
touching with the finger onto a sensingtouching with the finger onto a sensing
area, which according to the physicalarea, which according to the physical
principle in use (capacitive, optical,principle in use (capacitive, optical,thermal, acoustic, etc.) captures thethermal, acoustic, etc.) captures the
difference between valleys and ridges.difference between valleys and ridges.
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When a finger touches or When a finger touches or
rolls onto a surface, therolls onto a surface, theelastic skin deforms. Theelastic skin deforms. The
quantity and direction of quantity and direction of
the pressure applied bythe pressure applied by
the user, the skinthe user, the skin
conditions and theconditions and theprojection of an irregular projection of an irregular
3D object (the finger)3D object (the finger)
onto a 2D flat planeonto a 2D flat plane
introduce distortions,introduce distortions,noise and inconsistenciesnoise and inconsistencies
in the captured fingerprintin the captured fingerprint
image.image. 3D fingerprint
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These problems result in inconsistent,These problems result in inconsistent,irreproducible and nonirreproducible and non--uniform contactsuniform contactsand, during each acquisition, their effectsand, during each acquisition, their effectson the same fingerprint results areon the same fingerprint results aredifferent and uncontrollable.different and uncontrollable.
The representation of the same fingerprintThe representation of the same fingerprintchanges every time the finger is placed onchanges every time the finger is placed onthe sensor plate, increasing the complexitythe sensor plate, increasing the complexityof the fingerprint matching, impairing theof the fingerprint matching, impairing the
system performance, and consequentlysystem performance, and consequentlylimiting the widespread use of thislimiting the widespread use of thisbiometric technology.biometric technology.
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CMOS COLOR CAMERACMOS COLOR CAMERA
CMOS image sensor
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An An activeactive--pixel sensor (APS), alsopixel sensor (APS), also
commonly writtencommonly written active pixel sensor, isactive pixel sensor, isanan image sensor image sensor consisting of consisting of
anan integrated circuitintegrated circuit containing an array of containing an array of
pixel sensors, each pixel containingpixel sensors, each pixel containing
aa photo detector photo detector and an active amplifier.and an active amplifier.
There are many types of active pixelThere are many types of active pixel
sensors including the CMOS APS usedsensors including the CMOS APS used
most commonly inmost commonly in cell phonecell phonecameras,cameras, web camerasweb cameras and inand in
somesome DSLRs.DSLRs.
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Such an image sensor is produced bySuch an image sensor is produced by
aa CMOSCMOS process (and is hence alsoprocess (and is hence alsoknown as aknown as a CMOS sensor), and hasCMOS sensor), and hasemerged as an alternative toemerged as an alternative to chargecharge--coupled device (CCD) imager sensors.coupled device (CCD) imager sensors.
The termThe term active pixel sensor active pixel sensor is also usedis also usedto refer to the individual pixel sensor itself,to refer to the individual pixel sensor itself,as opposed to the image sensor;as opposed to the image sensor; in thatin thatcase the image sensor is sometimescase the image sensor is sometimes
called ancalled an active pixel sensor imager,active pixel sensor imager,activeactive--pixel image sensor, or pixel image sensor, or activeactive--pixelpixel--sensor (APS) imager.sensor (APS) imager.
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Ethernet Controller Ethernet Controller
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LPC 2131/32/34/36/38
The LPC2131/32/34/36/38 micro-controllers are
based on a 16/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S CPU with
real-time emulation and embedded trace
support, that combine the microcontroller with32kB, 64kB, 128kB, 256kB and 512kB of
embedded high-speed flash memory.
A 128-bit wide memory interface and a unique
accelerator architecture enable 32-bit code
execution at maximum clock rate.
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Due to their tiny size and low power
consumption, these microcontrollers are ideal for applications where miniaturization is a keyrequirement, such as access control and point-of-sale.
With a wide range of serial communicationsinterfaces and on-chip SRAM options of 8 kB, 16kB, and 32 kB, they are very well suited for communication gateways and protocolconverters, soft modems, voice recognition andlow-end imaging, providing both large buffer sizeand high processing power.
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Features
16/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S microcontroller ina tiny LQFP64 or HVQFN package.
8/16/32 kB of on-chip static RAM and32/64/128/256/512 kB of on-chip flashprogram memory.
128-bit wide interface/accelerator enables
high-speed 60 MHz operation. In-System Programming/In-Application
Programming (ISP/IAP) via on-chipbootloader software.
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Single flash sector or full chip erase in 400
ms and programming of 256 B in 1 ms. Embedded ICE RT and Embedded Trace
interfaces offer real-time debugging with
the on-chip RealMonitor software and
high-speed tracing of instruction
execution.
Low power Real-time clock with
independent power and dedicated 32 kHzclock input.
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Vectored interrupt controller with
configurable priorities and vector addresses.
Up to forty-seven 5 V tolerant generalpurpose I/O pins in tiny LQFP64 or
HVQFN package. Up to nine edge or level sensitive external
interrupt pins available.
60 MHz maximum CPU clock availablefrom programmable on-chip PLL withsettlingtime of 100 ms. Etc«.