Post on 06-Nov-2021
Name:Hour:
CumulativeFinalExamReviewGuideUnitOne:NatureofScience
1. Onaseparatesheetofpaperwritedefinitionsforthefollowingtermsa. Biologyb. ControlGroupc. Hypothesis
d. IndependentVariablee. DependentVariablef. Constants
2. Howdoyouwriteaproperhypothesis?Provideanexample.
3. Listthesixstepsofthescientificmethodinordera. b. c. d. e. f.
4. Readandanalyzethefollowingexperiment
Dr.BunsenHoneydewandhisassistantBeakerhavebeenworkingonacureforFozzie’sbadjokes.AftertryingtoteachFozzienewjokes,theygaveupanddecidedtheyhadtoapproachtheproblemfromadifferentpointofview,thatoftheaudience.Theyhavecreatedaformulathatlookslikewater,tasteslikewater,andisodorlesslikewater.BeforeFozzie’sshow,BunsenandBeakersplittheaudienceinhalf.Theleftsideoftheaudience(groupA)wasgivenabottleofwaterandaskedtodrinkitallbeforetheshowstarted.Therightsideoftheaudience(groupB)wasgivenabottleoftheformulaandwasalsoaskedtodrinkitallbeforetheshowstarted.Afterthefirstfewjokes,Fozziewashitbyseventomatoes,heckledbyWaldorfandStatler(asusual)andbooed;allbytheleftsideoftheaudience(groupA).Therightsideoftheaudience(groupB)didn’tnoticethebooingortomatoesbecausetheyweretoobusylaughingatFozzie’sjokes.Identifythefollowing:ControlGroup:ExperimentalGroup:IndependentVariable:DependentVariable:Constants:
UnitTwo:Biochemistry
1. Onaseparatesheetofpaper,writedefinitionsforthefollowingtermsa. OrganicCompoundb. Photosynthesisc. CellularRespirationd. AerobicRespiration
e. AnaerobicRespiration/fermentationf. Macromoleculeg. Monomer
2. Identifythefourtypesoforganiccompoundsandanswerthequestionsabouteach.
a. ___________________________________________________
i. Whatarethemonomers?
ii. Whatisthepolymer?
iii. Whataretheelementsthatmakeupthismolecule?
iv. Whataretheyusedfor?
v. Provideatleastoneexample
b. ___________________________________________________
i. Whatarethemonomers?
ii. Whatisthepolymer?
iii. Whataretheelementsthatmakeupthismolecule?
iv. Whataretheyusedfor?
v. Provideatleastoneexample
c. ___________________________________________________
i. Whatarethemonomers?
ii. Whatisthepolymer?
iii. Whataretheelementsthatmakeupthismolecule?
iv. Whataretheyusedfor?
v. Provideatleastoneexample
d. ___________________________________________________
i. Whatarethemonomers?
ii. Whatisthepolymer?
iii. Whataretheelementsthatmakeupthismolecule?
iv. Whataretheyusedfor?
v. Provideatleastoneexample
3. Whyiswatersoimportanttolivingthings?Provideandexplain7reasons.a. b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
4. WhyisATPsoimportanttocells?
5. Whatisthedifferencebetweenaerobicrespirationandanaerobicrespiration/fermentation?WhichmakesmoremoleculesofATP?
6. Writeouttheequationforphotosynthesis
a. Whatarethereactants?
b. Whataretheproducts?
c. Whatelsemustbepresentforphotosynthesistooccur?
7. Writeouttheequationforcellularrespiration
a. Whatarethereactants?
b. Whataretheproducts?
c. Whatelsemustbepresentforcellularrespirationtooccur?
UnitThree:Cells
1. Onaseparatesheetofpaper,writedefinitionsforthefollowingtermsa. Diffusionb. PassiveTransportc. Hypertonicd. Hypotonic
e. Osmosisf. ActiveTransportg. Isotonich. Cells
2. Explainthefunctionoftheorganelleslistedandthenidentifytheorganelleslistedonthediagramsonthefollowingpage.
Organelle Function
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
NuclearEnvelope
CellMembrane
GolgiApparatus
SmoothER
RoughER
Ribosomes
Vesicles
CentralVacuole
CellWall
Chloroplast
3. Labelthefollowingdiagrams
4. Ofthetwodiagrams,whichisananimalcellandwhichisaplantcell?Howdoyouknow?
5. Thefollowingtablegivesyouinformationrelatingtodifferenttypesofsolutions:hypertonic,isotonic,andhypotonic.Fillinthemissinginformationtoidentifythesolutionandwhathappenstocellsineachsolution.
Ifthefluidoutsidethecellhas…
Theoutsidefluidis…(hypertonic,isotonic,
hypotonic)Waterdiffuses…
Effectoncell(shrivels,staysthesame,bursts)
Lowerfreewatermoleculeconcentration
thansalt
Outofthecell.
Highfreewatermoleculeconcentration
thansalt
Intothecell
Samefreewatermoleculeconcentration
assalt
Intoandoutofthecellatequalrates
6. Identifythedescriptionsbelowaseitheranexampleofdiffusion(d)orosmosis(o)
a. _____________Twodropsofbluefoodcoloringandtwodropsofyellowfoodcoloringareaddedtoaglassofwater,laterallofthewaterisgreen.
b. _____________Theiodineandstarchlabthatwedidinclass.
c. _____________Alumpofsugarisaddedtoabeakerofwater,eventuallythesugariscompletelydissolvedinthewater.
d. _____________Inanisotonicsolution,watermoleculesmoveintoandoutofthecellsatthesamerate.
e. ______________Isprayperfumeinthefrontrightcorneroftheroomanditcaneventuallybesmelledinthe
backleftcorneroftheroom.
7. Compareandcontrastpassiveandactivetransport.Besuretogiveexamplesofeach.
8. Bacteriacomeinthreebasicshapes.Givethecommonandscientificnameofeach.a.
b.
c.
UnitFour:CellDivision
1. Onaseparatesheetofpaper,writedefinitionsforthefollowingtermsa. Chromosomeb. Diploidc. Haploidd. Trisomye. Karyotypef. Mitosisg. Meiosis
h. Canceri. Crossing-Overj. Autosomek. HomologousChromosomel. Sex-Chromosomem. Chromatidn. Centromere
2. AlloftheDNAinacellismuchlargerthanthecellitself.HowdoestheDNAbecomemorecompacttofitinside
thenucleus?
3. Whatcombinationofsexchromosomesproducemalesandfemalesinhumans?
4. Ifaspermcellcontains10chromosomes,howmanychromosomeswillbeintheorganism’sbodycells?
5. Listthreecharacteristicsofcancercells?
a.
b.
c.
6. Usethediagramtoanswerthefollowingquestionsa. Whatdoesthediagramrepresent?
b. WhathappensintheG1,S,andG2stage?
c. Whatphasedocellsspendthemosttimein?
d. Whatphasedocellsspendtheleasttimein?
e. Mitosisisalsoknownasthedivisionofwhat?
f. Whichtwophasesmakeupcelldivision?
7. Compareandcontrastmitosisandmeiosis.Bespecific.
8. Drawthefourstagesofmitosisandbrieflyexplaineachstage.
Mitosis
Stages
Drawing
Description
9. Drawtheeightstagesofmeiosisandbrieflyexplaineachstage
Meiosis
Stages
Drawing
Description
UnitFive:Genetics1. Onaseparatesheetofpaper,writethedefinitionsforthefollowingterms.
a. Allele
b. Homozygous
c. Heterozygous
d. Genotype
e. Phenotype
f. CompleteDominance
g. IncompleteDominance
h. Co-Dominance
i. Genetics
j. Heredity
k. Recessive
l. Mutation
m. Autosomaln. Sex-linked
2. Identifythepedigreeasautosomalorsex-linkedanddominantorrecessive.Thengivethemostprobable
genotypeofeachindividual.
3. Whoisknownasthe“father”ofgenetics?Whatdidhestudy?Whydidhestudythis?
4. Whoismorecommonlyaffectedbysex-linkedtraitsandwhyaretheymorecommonlyaffected?
5. PerformthefollowingcrossesusingPunnettsquaresandgivetherequestedratio.Gisdominantforgreenskin;
gisrecessiveforblueskin.Bisdominantforbrowneyes;bisrecessiveforblueeyes.
a. GgxGg(GenotypicRatio)
b. BbxBb(PhenotypicRatio)
c. GgBbxGgBb(GenotypicandPhenotypicRatio)
UnitSix:DNA1. Onaseparatesheetofpaper,writedefinitionsforthefollowingterms
a. DNAReplication
b. Nucleotide
c. NucleicAcid
d. Mutation
e. RNATranscription
f. AminoAcidTranslation
g. Codon
h. Anticodon
i. DNAFingerprint
2. DescribethestructureofDNA.IncludeallofthevariouspartsthatmakeupDNA.
3. ExplainhowaDNAfingerprintcanbeusedtosolvecrimes.
4. CompareandcontrastDNAandRNA.Whichoneistheblueprintoflife?
5. Whatarethebasepairingrulesfor…?
a. DNA?
b. RNA?
6. AnswerthefollowingquestionsbasedontheDNAsequence:TACGCCTTGa. WhatwillthecomplimentaryDNAstrandlooklike?
b. TranscribetheDNAintoastrandofmRNA
c. TranslatethemRNAintoaproteinchain(youneedyourcodonchartforthis)
7. Describetheprocessofproteinsynthesisindetail.
8. Therearethreemaintypesofmutations.Listandbrieflydescribethem.
a.
b.
c.
9. Doeseverymutationcausedamagetoanorganism?Explainyouranswer.
UnitSeven:Evolution1. Onaseparatesheetofpaper,writedefinitionsforthefollowingterms
a. Evolution
b. NaturalSelection
c. Adaptation
d. Fossil
e. HomologousStructure
f. VestigialStructure
g. AnalogousStructure
h. Species
i. Competition
2. WheredidDarwindomostofhisresearch?
3. Explainnaturalselection.
4. Listanddescribesomevariablesthatcauseevolution.
5. Ifapopulationisnotevolving,thismeansthatthepopulationisinwhat?
6. Oftheitemslistedbelow,circleanythatcouldcontributetonaturalselection.
a. PhenotypicVariationb. GeneticVariationc. RenewableWaterSupplyd. EnvironmentalChangee. LimitedLivingSpacef. ClimateChangeg. UnlimitedResourcesh. Mutationi. FoodSource
7. Therearethreetypesofnaturalselectionthatcanoccur.IdentifyeachofthegraphsbelowaseitherStabilizing
Selection,DisruptiveSelection,orDirectionalSelection.Besuretoprovideanexplanationofeachtypeofnatural
selection.
TypeofSelection
DescriptionofSelection
8. Listandexplainthe4requirementsfornaturalselectiona.
b.
c.
d.
9. Listandexplainthesixpiecesofextraevidenceforevolution
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
10. ExplainspeciationasitrelatestoDarwin’sfinches.Whatkeyadaptationsinthefinchesisaffectedbythetypeoffoodavailable?
11. Compareandcontrasthomologousstructuresandanalogousstructures.Giveanexampleofeach.
12. Nametwovestigialstructuresinhumans
a.
b.
UnitEight:Populations&Ecology
1. Onaseparatesheetofpaper,writedefinitionsforthefollowingterms
a. Producer
b. Primary
Consumer
c. Secondary
Consumer
d. Tertiary
Consumer
e. Habitat
f. Carryingcapacityg. Ecologyh. Ecosystemi. BioticFactorsj. Biodiversityk. Population
l. Biome
m. AbioticFactorsn. Community
o. Secondary
Succession
p. Primary
Succession
2. Therearefivetypesofsymbioticrelationships.Name,define,andprovideanexampleofeachbelow.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3. Drawafoodwebinthespacebelowbasedonthefollowingfoodchains:
a. PlantsàMouseàHawk
b. PlantsàRabbitsàWolf
c. PlantsàRabbitsàSnakeàHawk
d. PlantsàMouseàSnake
e. PlantsàDeeràWolf
f. PlantsàHawkàWolf
4. Provideexamplesfromthefoodwebaboveforeachofthefollowing
a. Producer b. Primary
Consumer
c. Secondary
Consumer
d. Tertiary
Consumer
5. Mostecosystemsonlycontainfourtrophiclevels.Basedonyourfoodwebfrom#2,explainwhichtrophic
level(s)thewolffeedsatandwhy.
6. Explainhowmuchenergymovesupthroughthetrophiclevelsandwhythereisnota4thlevelconsumer.
7. Explainhowprimarysuccessiondiffersfromsecondarysuccession.Howaretheysimilar?Whyissuccession
important?
8. Usethegraphtoanswerthequestions
a. Whichsectionshowsanincreaseinbirthrate?
b. Whichsectionshowanincreaseindeathrate
c. WhydoesthegraphleveloffinsecondC?
9. Whatfactorscausepopulationgrowthtoincrease?
10. Whatfactorscausepopulationgrowthtodecrease?
11. Explainthefollowingcycles(youmaysketchadiagramifthat’seasier)
a. WaterCycle
b. CarbonCycle
c. NitrogenCycle