ELECTRONIC WARFARE

ByADITYA PV

INTRODUCTION

Action involving use of the electromagnetic spectrum

Three main divisions :

► Electronic Attack (EA) ► Electronic Protection (EP) ► Electronic Warfare Support (ES)

ELECTRONIC ATTACK (EA)

Promote Uncertainty Use of active and passive energy to “attack “Four Classes of EA

Jamming Modifiers Radar-absorbing materials (RAM) Physical Destruction

NON-DESTRUCTIVE EADENIAL:

Overload opposition’s receiver to deny its use by the enemy by JAMMING, CHAFF and FLARES

DECEPTION:

Create false image or change image’s characteristics on a radar display. Misleads or “spoofs” by using repeaters, transponders, chaff-disguise, radar decoys, blip enhancers and radar cross section (RCS) modification

NOISE JAMMING

Deliberate impairing of enemy’s devices radiation, re-radiation, or reflection of electromagnetic energy

TGT Freq

True Noise

Ideal Jammer

Actual Spot Jammer

CHAFF CORRIDORS

FLARES (ACTIVE)

CHAFF FALSE TARGETS

Real Target

MULTIPLE FALSE TARGETS

STROBES COVER PULSE JAMMING

X

“Reactive Jamming”

DECOYS

VELOCITY GATE PULL OFF (VGPO)

Target Return

Velocity Gate

Gate Pull-Off

DESTRUCTIVE EA

Anti-Radiation Missiles SLAM HARM Sidewinder

Directed Energy

SLAMER(Stand-off Land Attack Missile-

Expanded Response)

HARM(HIGH-SPEED ANTI RADIATION MISSILE)

SIDEWINGER

ELECTRONIC PROTECTION (EP)

Protection of friendly combat capability against undesirable effect of friendly or enemy employed EW

Types Passive EW Active EW

EPThree ways to defend from enemy EW

Modify radar o Make it more complex o Make it harder to jam

Modify the Medium o Chaffo Torch

Modify the platform

EP FACTORS

BURNTHROUGH: Increase signal strength to overpower

jammer noise (ECCM)Emission Control (EMCON)

AlphaBravo CharlieDelta

Operator Recognition Training

JAMMING EFFECTIVENESS

Match the victim radar’s RFBe continuousHave sufficient power

METHODS TO DEFEAT DIRECT THREAT JAMMING

Frequency Techniques RF Change RF Diversity RF Agility Diplexing

Variable PRF

ELECTRONIC WARFARE SUPPORT (ES)

Passive surveillance of the EM spectrum ► Detection ► Tracking ► Recognition ► Targeting ► Warning ► Destruction ► Avoidance

PASSIVE DETECTION RADAR

IFF

TACAN

JAMMING

ES(PASSIVE SURVEILLANCE)

ELINT : Electronic Intelligence

COMINT : Communications Intelligence

ES(RECEIVER DESIGN REQUIREMENTS)

Wide spectrum surveillanceWide dynamic rangeUnwanted signal rejectionAngle-of-Arrival measurementSignal Analysis capabilityReal-Time DisplayRecording System

AN EXAMPLEOF

U.S. SHIP BOARD EWCAPABILITIES

• SLQ-32 “Sidekick”– On all combatants– Radar warning, detection and jamming– Uses internal library to auto detect/categorize

• Infrared Flares – On all combatants

• Chaff – On all combatants