FIGURES OF SPEECH

ETI 301Neslihan Kansu-Yetkiner

• A figure of speech is a verbal expression in which words or sounds are arranged in a particular way to achieve a particular effect.

• Figures of speech are organized into different categories, such as alliteration, assonance, metaphor, metonymy, onomatopoeia, simile, and synecdoche.

Three kinds of ryhme

• Generally there are three kinds of rhyme:– Begining ryhme-or alliteration– Middle ryhme or assonance– End ryhme

Alliteration

• Alliteration is the repetition of initial sounds in neighboring words.

• “Sessizliğin sesi, sensizliğin sesidir benim için”.

• Laughing Lions • Laughing lions laugh

like jumping jaguarson top of talking trees.Whenthetalking trees starttalking,the jokingjaguars falloff.

• By Rachel

Assonance

• Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds to create internal rhyming within phrases or sentences.

• For example, in the phrase "Do you like blue?", the /uː/ ("o"/"ou"/"ue" sound) is repeated within the sentence and is assonant.

• on a proud round cloud in white high night — E.E. Cummings

Simile

• It is a figure of speech in which two fundamentally unlike things are explicitly compared, usually in a phrase introduced by like or as.

• SENİ DÜŞÜNMEK

Seni düşünmek güzel şey, ümitli şey, Dünyanın en güzel sesinden En güzel şarkıyı dinlemek gibi birşey... Fakat artık ümit yetmiyor bana, Ben artık şarkı dinlemek değil, Şarkı söylemek istiyorum.

NAZIM HİKMET RAN

Metaphor

• A metaphor is a figure of speech in which an implied comparison is made between two unlike things that actually have something in common.

• Metaphor is a device for seeing something in terms of something else. It brings out the thisness of a that, or the thatness of a this."

“TURKEY WILL BE VIAGRA FOR EUROPE”.“Aslanlarımız düşmanı İzmir’de denize döktü”.

A lifetime is a day, death is sleep; A lifetime is a year, death is winter.. Life is a struggle, Dying is losing a contest against an adversary.. Life is a precious possession, Death is a loss.. Time is a thief..

Hyperbole

• Hyperbole is the use of exaggeration as a rhetorical device or figure of speech. It may be used to evoke strong feelings or to create a strong impression, but is not meant to be taken literally.

• It is going to take zillion years to get through Medical School. • I ate the whole cow. • He's 900 years old. I am so hungry I could eat a horse. • There are millions of other things to do. • Running faster than the speed of light. • You could be Miss Universe.• It took light years for this to work.• I waited in line for centuries.

• "Bir gün doludizgin boşanan atlarımızlaYerden yedi kat Arş'a kanatlandık o hızla "

Understatement

• Understatement is a form of speech which contains an expression of less strength than what would be expected.

• You have taken ten exams in school and passed them all with a score of 100%. Someone asks you:

• 'How did you do on your test?'• You answer:• • 'I did OK.'

Imagery

• Essentially, there are five types of imagery, each corresponding to one of our senses: visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory (smell), and gustatory(taste).

• The key to good imagery is engaging all five senses.• Here are some examples of words specific to the

five sensory systems:visual, auditory,tactile (touch), olfactory (smell), and gustatory(taste).

• Prelude• The winter evening settles down• With smell of steaks in passageways. • Six o'clock. • The burnt-out ends of smoky days. • And now a gusty shower wraps• The grimy scraps of withered leaves about your feet • And newspapers from vacant lots;• The showers beat on broken blinds and chimney-pots, • And at the corner of the street • A lonely cab-horse steams and stamps. • And then the lighting of the lamps.• By T.S. Eliot

İmge Bayramı

• Sesi geliyor• Gönlümdeki şelalenin• Kara saçların aklımdaysa,• Kokuveriyor binbir kırçiçeği• Buğday tenin kanımdaysa• Bitiyor yanımda mavi deniz• Tuzlu, yumuşak dudakların dudağımdaysa

OXYMORON (TEZAT)

• An oxymoron (plural oxymorons or oxymora) is a figure of speech that combines normally-contradictory terms.

• Korkunç güzel,• İğrenç güzel• "And faith unfaithful kept him falsely true."

Karlı bir yaz günündeGenç bir ihtiyarYaşayan oğlunun ölümüneKahkalarla ağlıyordu.

Metonymy• A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another

with which it is closely associated (such as "crown" for "royalty"). • Metonymy uses something more generally or loosely associated with a

concept to stand in for it. When Americans speak of the Oval Office, for example, they are really referring to the activity within it, the position or function of the President. It’s a linked term, and so a metonym.

• British writers refer similarly to the Crown, when they’re really discussing the powers, authority and responsibilities of the monarchy, which is symbolised by the crown.

• “Akıllı olmazsan, o kalemi kırarlar” İbrahim Tatlıses.• Çankaya, gerginliğin ardından ilk açıklamasını yaptı.

• The pen is mightier than the sword.

• We have always remained loyal to the crown.

Synecdoche

• Etymologically it means "shared understanding“ (Greek).

• A figure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole (for example, ABCs for alphabet) or the whole for a part ("England won the World Cup in 1966").

• Let’s the hands go to dinner!!!

• Sarı kafayı gördün mü?

• Ojeli tırnaklara karşı nasırlı eller!!

Onomatopoeia

• Onomatopoeia is a figure of speech in which words are used to imitate sounds. Examples of onomatopoeic words can be found in numerous Nursery Rhymes e.g. Baa, Baa Black Sheep, clippety-clop and cock-a-doodle-do.

• The Loch Ness Monster's Song• Sssnnnwhuffffll?

Hnwhuffl hhnnwfl hnfl hfl? Gdroblboblhobngbl gbl gl g g g g glbgl. Drublhaflablhaflubhafgabhaflhafl fl fl - gm grawwwww grf grawf awfgm graw gm. Hovoplodok - doplodovok - plovodokot - doplodokosh? Splgraw fok fok splgrafhatchgabrlgabrl fok splfok! Zgra kra gka fok! Grof grawff gahf? Gombl mbl bl - blm plm, blm plm, blm plm, blp

• Edwin Morgen

Euphemism

• The substitution of an inoffensive term (such as "passed away") for one considered offensively explicit ("died"). Contrast with dysphemism.

• Instead of Ölmek• -Ebediyete intikal etmek• Ebedi istirahata dalmak,• Son uykusuna yatmak• Terk-i diyar eylemek• Rahmetli olmak,• Hayatını kaybetmek,• Öbür dünyaya göç etmek,• Sonsuz yolculuğa çıkmak

Dysphemism

• -Tahtalı köyü boylamak• -Nalları dikmek• -Gebermek• -Topu dikmek• ???

Personification

• A figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstraction is given human qualities or abilities.

• "Wind yells while blowing"

• STARS

Stars, bring me up with youBring me to the placeyou sleep.How do you do it?Bring me to your home.Bring your thoughtsto me.Share themwith me.

By Alex

Pun (Ündeş/Cinas)

• The pun, or paronomasia, is a form of word play which exploits numerous meanings of a statement, allowing it to be understood in multiple ways for an intended humorous or rhetorical effect.

• KARNE • İnsan ile kemali düşün; • Olur mu hiç kırık olmadan?• İnsan ile sevdayı düşün; • Olur mu hıçkırık olmadan• E. Şama

• TOPLUM ADAYI • Sevecen, babacan, sempatik, candan, • Elinde kocaman bir bal tası var; • Hak etmiş bir toplum adayı olur.• Gördük ki seçilmiş, iş başı yapmış • Elinde kocaman bir baltası var; • Hak etmiş bir topluma dayı olur• Ekrem Şama

TABANCA Azıtmıştı, yıllardır halkı soydu, Sesi çıkan tabancaydı, çalıştı; Bir daha ayağa hiç kalkamadı… Seçilmişti, yıllardır halkı soydu, Sesi çıkan taban caydı, çalıştı; Bir daha ayağa hiç kalkamadıEkrem Şama

Funny Puns

• Where do you find giant snails? On the ends of giants’ fingers

• Don't justify sin, just defy sin.• When two egotists meet, it's an I for an I. • A hole has been found in the nudist camp

wall. The police are looking into it. • We are not homosapiens any more. We have

turned out to be homozapiens.

Some exercises

• The face of beloved-5 imageries

• -Chilhood-metaphor, simile

• Kızgın bir demir gibi dağlıyor derin gözlerin,