Post on 20-May-2018
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FERROMANGANESE SLAG:
DATA AND CLASSIFICATION
IMnI
Overview
• Substance Identification
• “Production process”
• Definitions: waste, by-product, hazardous
• How to analyse hazard
• Available data
• Classification
• Global classification status of FeMn slag
• Conclusions
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Substance ID
• Cas name: slags, ferromanganese-manufg
• Common names: HCFeMn slag, FeMn slag, Manganese component ferroalloy slag…
• An inorganic substance
• Unknown variable complex reaction products of biological material (UVCB) in nature
• EINEC No.:273-728-1
• Cas No.: 69012-28-8
• Composition: Na2O, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, P2O5, K2O, CaO, TiO2, V2O5, Cr2O3, Fe2O3,BaO, ZrO2, ZnO, SrO,FeMn
3 October 2014
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“Production process”
November2014
850 kg/t-alloy - slag generated during FeMn production
54% recovered in SiMn production
36% utilized as aggregate material for construction
10% ultimately deposited as a waste product
FeMn slag recovery and processing
Average FeMn Slag Characteristics – 25% manganese
– 16% silicon
Benefits – A comparable substitute for low-grade ore
– Hard core for roads
– Cement industry
– Enhanced Mn-recovery
– Potential revenue stream for FeMn producers.
Importance of FeMn slag in SiMn production
• Waste framework directive – Directive 2008/98/EC ...For the purposes of this Directive, the following definitions shall apply: ‘waste’ means any substance or object which the holder discards or intends or is required to
discard.
• The US EPA defines solid waste as garbage, refuse, sludge, or other discarded material (including solids, semisolids, liquids, and contained gaseous materials).
• Waste refers to materials that are not prime products (that is, products produced for the market) for which the generator has no further use in terms of his/her own purposes of production, transformation or consumption, and of which he/she wants to dispose.
• Australian EPA under the Environment Protection Act 1993, defines waste as any discarded, rejected, abandoned, unwanted or surplus matter, whether or not intended for sale or for recycling, reprocessing, recovery or purification by a separate operation from that which produced the matter…
Definitions of waste…
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• Waste framework directive – Directive 2008/98/EC ... By-product is a substance or object, resulting from a production process, the primary aim of which is not the production of that item.
• The US EPA defines "by-product" as "a production residue that is not a waste." In turn, "production residue" is defined as "a material that is not deliberately produced in a production process." A production residue may be considered a by-product if it possesses characteristics that make it ready for further use in the economy; its further use must be a certainty without any further processing …
• A by-product is a secondary product derived from a manufacturing process or chemical reaction. It is not the primary product or service being produced. In the context of production, a by-product can be defined as the 'output from a joint production process that is minor in quantity and/or net value when compared to the main products
Definitions of by-product…
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• EU Regulations define hazardous as a substance/material that meet that criteria for classification as, toxic, irritant, harmful, corrosive... Under the CLP Regulation NO. 1272/2008 which is the European adaptation of the GHS - Global Harmonized System of Classification & Labelling
• The US EPA defines hazardous as…. Any thing that exhibits at least one of four characteristics -toxicity, ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity
• UNEP definition of hazardous...anything (regardless of its origin) which, by reason of their chemical activity or toxic, explosive, corrosive or other characteristics cause danger or are likely to cause danger to health or the environment
• Any material (excluding radioactive material), which because of its physical, chemical or infectious characteristics can cause significant hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, disposed of or otherwise managed
Definitions of hazardous
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IMnI
How to analyse hazard
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
PHYSICAL FORM
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES TOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
COMPOSITION
ECOTOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Available data
Results of studies are reviewed against regulatory guidelines for classification &
labelling
Ecotox studies: Acute & chronic
Hazard Phys-chem
studies
Tox studies:
Acute & chronic
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Phys-chem data •Flammability •Oxidizing properties •Explosive properties •Water solubility...
Available Tox data •Acute toxicity to oral, inhalation and dermal exposure •Irritation: skin and eye •Sensitization & corrosion potential •Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity and toxic to reproduction potential via read across Ecotox data
•Acute toxicity to fish, daphnia and effects on activated sludge •Chronic data: Daphnia
reproduction, algae…
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Classification
• There are many different classifications schemes, all of them have the same aim- identification of hazard and labelling as a form of communicating the hazard
• They all use similar study types but sometimes the test species must be a local specie – this is typical for ecotox evaluations
• Generally speaking testing to GLP and OECD guidelines is internationally recognised however, the results of such test can result to different interpretations- example: acute oral test result of ... LD50 = 257 mg/kg/day
EU Harmful
USA Toxic
Australia Harmful
India Non-toxic
Malaysia Harmful
China Not Dangerous
Metal Bulletin 13
EU Registration, Evaluation, Authorization of Chemical regulation (REACH)- Not classified
Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) – Not classified
US Occupational Safety & Health Admin (OSHA) & EPA – Not classified
Australia, Work Health & Safety Regulation – Not classified
Under the Global Harmonised System of Classification & Labelling (GHS) – Not classified
Global classification status
Global Harmonized System (GHS) of classification and labeling in 2011
14 Metal bulletin
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Conclusion
• Comparing the definition of waste vs. by-products, FeMn slag should
be considered a by-product
• Classification schemes vary worldwide, but the rapid adoption of the GHS means that FeMn slag should have one classification status worldwide – No classification
• There is sufficient data on FeMn slag to derive a classification under any regulation – available data is to internationally recognized guidelines
• Analysis of the phy-chem, tox and ecotox data with the classification criteria in many countries concluded – No classification
• FeMn slag is a by-product with revenue potential
FeMn slag is therefore a non-hazardous inorganic
by-product, with a significant economic value
Thank you!
Happy to answer any questions!