Environmental Pollution Measurement and Control

Shaikh FerozeII/IV, B.TECH,EIEGitam University

Introduction• Pollution is of different types i.e. air, water, land and noise

pollution.

• Measurement of these pollution into controllable parameters is very important so that it can be compared with pollution control norms.

• A pollution control philosophy is to have alerts whenever a parameter goes out of limit and suitable corrective measures to be taken to bring the parameter within norm.

• The pollution parameters are to be made available in a central pollution control room through on line networking and control room is to be manned with pollution control staff who shall immediately alert the source of pollution area/industry for proper corrective measures.

AIM• The main aim of the presentation is to stress on the technical

devices and methods/ mechanism to control pollution.

• Using the various latest pollution measurement devices the source of pollution is to be measured and identified.

• The methodology to control pollution is , firstly to measure the actual pollution parameter and then it is to be compared with the standard norms.

Quality control of Air Pollution• Main sources of air pollution are:

Airborne particulate matter - the major particulate matters are the RSPM and TSPM.

Instruments used for the purpose of monitoring Air Pollution

Respirable Dust Sampler Sound Level meter

Measurement instrumentsS.NoA Parameter Method Instrument used Sensitivity1 Respirable suspended

particulate matter (RSPM)High Volume sampling

Respirable dust sampler

0.3-10 particle size

2. Total suspended particulate matter (TSPM)

High Volume Sampling

Respirable dust sampler

3. Sulfur Dioxide Modified West and Gaecke

absorbing solution in a midget bubbler

4 - 1130g/m3

4. Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) Jacob and Hochieser

absorbing solution in a midget bubbler

9 to 420 NO2g/ /m3

5. Carbon Monoxide(CO) Sensor Instrument with electro chemical sensor

1 – 999ppm

6. Noise Sound pressure level

sound pressure level recorder

Type 1 instrument

Air Pollution norms

Water pollution• Causes :

PathogensChemical and other contaminantsThermal pollution

Did you know?

The Yamuna’s 22km stretch in Delhi is barely 2% of the length of the river , but contributes over 70% of the total pollution load.

Such alarming incidents have to be looked upon and the corrective measures are to be followed.

Water pollution measuring instrument

A pH meter is an electronic instrument measuring the pH (acidity or alkalinity) of a liquid.

pH meter is nothing else but precise voltmeter, connected to the pH electrode, and scaled in such a way that it displays not the measured potential, but ready pH value.

pH meter

pH circuit

In this pH circuit with modification of having alarms and alerts whenever the water pH goes beyond limits of norms an alarm is to be generated at main pollution control room , so that corrective measures can be adopted such as neutralization of water discharge from industry etc.

Land PollutionWhat is land pollution you may ask? Well, land pollution is the contamination of trash and chemicals which build up into big landfills. When these landfills build up, they take up a lot of space and eventually get either burned or buried.

Causes:

Solid Waste Management Solid wastes are sometimes referred to as “the third pollution.” In some ways the problems of dealing with solid wastes are easier those for air and water pollution which are discussed below.

Industry metallurgical waste measurement can be controlled by measuring the metals contained in the discharge.

This can be done by the incinerator which is used to burn solid waste for power generation.

“It is one of the best methods to produce wealth from waste.”

INCINERATOR

Noise Pollution and its control

The word noise is derived from the Latin term “nausea”. It has been defined as unwanted sound, a potential hazard to health and communication dumped into the environment with regard to the adverse effect it may have on unwilling ears.

The major sources of noise are:

Vibrating bodiesAerodynamic phenomenaExplosions

The minimum

Noise control is the first and the most fundamental step in the hearing conservation programme. The basic approach is to reduce the noise at source, which may pose problems in the areas of mechanical , aeronautical or hydraulic engineering . If the noise cannot be reduced at the source , then some form of external noise reduction is needed involving enclosure of the source , or the recipient , often combined with other measures to absorb sound.

Ambient Air Quality Standards in respect of Noise

Area code Category Area / ZoneLimits in dB (A) Leq*

Day time Night time

(A) Industries area 75 70

(B) Commercial area 65 55

(C) Residential area 55 45

(D) Silence zone 50 40

ConclusionComparison of annual averages of RSPM levels in Municipal Corporations

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Corporations

Con

c. in

ug/

m3

RSPM 2006

RSPM 2007

These measured polluting parameters can be hooked through a network and a pollution control room with pollution inspectors monitoring these parameters as in when the parameter is out of limit the respective industry / source to be alerted and ensure the implementation of corrective measures.

Prevention using the e-technology

QUERIES ???

Thank you

Protect the Mother EARTH……..it is in our hands……