Post on 09-Jan-2017
“This Nation will be great again.”
- Ferdinand E. Marcos -
Ferdinand Edralin Marcos
1917-1989
Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos, Sr. was a Filipino politician and
kleptocrat who was President of the
Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He ruled as
dictator under martial law from 1972 until
1981.
Born : September 11, 1917, Sarrat Died : September 28, 1989, Honolulu , Hawaii , United StatesFul l Name: Ferdinand Emmanuel Edra l in MarcosBurried : September 1993, Ferdinand E. Marcos Pres identia l Center, I locos NorteSpouse : Imelda MarcosPresident ial Term : December 30, 1965 – February 25, 1986
Childhood and Early Life
Ferdinand Edralin Marcos was born to Mariano Marcos and his wife Josefa
Edralin in Sarrat, IlocosNorte, Philippines on 11 September 1917. Marcos’ father was a qualified lawyer and also one of the leading politicians in Philippines
Marcos studied at some of the best schools in the capital of Philippines in Manila but the
names of the schools are unknown. Later on, he went on to study law, like his father, at
the University of the Philippines at some point in the latter part
of the 1930s. He was excelled in extra-curricular activities and revelled in boxing, swimming
and debating.
In 1933, one of his father’s political rivals who had managed to defeat Mariano Marcos in an election was murdered. Ferdinand Marcos was accused and
prosecuted for having colluded in the murder. He was found guilty but he defended himself in court. He was
acquitted six years after the alleged murder took place.
CareerMarcos joined the Philippine army after the commencement of the
Second World War and served as an officer for the duration of the war.
Following Philippines’ independence and the end of the Second World War,
Ferdinand Marcos joined politics. He entered the House of Representatives from Ilocos Norte in 1949 and over the next ten
years he was elected to the house two more times. During that decade, he served
in different important capacities like the Chairman of House Committee on
Commerce and Industry, member of the defence committee and several other
committees.
In 1959, Marcos became a member of the Philippine Senate and before long he became the floor leader of
the minority. Two years after getting into the senate, the Liberal Party made him their executive vice president
and two years after that he became the Senate President. During his two year long stint as the
president of the Senate, Marcos was responsible for the introduction of a number of new bills.
In 1965, Marcos was elected as the President of Philippines and during his
campaign for the presidency, he stressed on his past as a soldier and the
campaign proved to be successful. A year after assuming the presidency,
Marcos sent Philippine soldiers to serve in the Vietnam War where they served
for four years.
Marcos became the president for a second term in 1969 and the very next year he had to face opposition and protests from the left wing. The protests, along with
Islamic threats, were one of the main reasons why Marcos imposed martial law in Philippines three years after beginning his 2nd term and for the next nine years the
country was under martial law as Marcos tried to establish a ‘New Society’. Opposition leaders and left wing activists were arrested, media was censored and
even the Congress was closed down.
Ferdinand Marcos became the Prime Minister of Philippines in 1978 and made
sure that he made the position as powerful as that of the president of the country by transferring those powers to his office. Three years later, martial law
was suspended and presidential elections were called. Marcos won the
election by a big margin.
Marcos’ third term as the president of Philippines ran into trouble in 1985 when there was an attempt to impeach
him for stealing state assets to the tune of millions but a committee struck it down. The same year, Marcos called for elections ahead of schedule and duly won it, however there were allegations of electoral corruption. The failure of the electoral process gave further power to the ‘People
Power Movement’. A year after the election, the opposition overtook the city and Marcos fled. He found
asylum in Hawaii.
Personal Life and Legacy
Marcos got married to Imelda Romualdez in 1954. His wife Imelda also went on to become a
politician. The couple had four children named - Ma Imelda Marcos, Ferdinand Marcos Jr., Irene Marcos
and Aimee Marcos.
Marcos died on 28 September 1989 in Honolulu after
suffering from heart and kidney
problems.
Some Infrastructures
Food SufficiencyA. Green Revolution
Production of rice was increased through promoting the cultivation of IR-8 hybrid rice. In 1968 the Philippines became self-sufficient in
rice, the first time in history since the American period. It also exported rice worth
US$7 million.
B. Blue RevolutionMarine species like prawn, mullet,
milkfish, and golden tilapia were being produced and distributed to farmers at a minimum cost. Today, milkfish
and prawns contribute substantially to foreign exchange income.
C. Liberalized CreditMore than one thousand rural banks spread
all over the country resulting to the accessibility of credit to finance purchase of
agricultural inputs, hired labor, and harvesting expenses at very low interest rate.
During 1981-1985, credit was available without interest and collateral arrangements.
Education Reform
Access to free education widened during the Marcos Administration. The biggest portion of the budget was
allotted for Educational Programs (P58.7 Billion in 20 years).The literacy rate climbed from 72% in 1965 to 93% in 1985
and almost 100% in Metro Manila on the same year.
Agrarian Reform
Tenant’s Emancipation Act of 1972 or PD 27 was implemented without bloodshed. This was the first
Land Reform Code our country. Since it was implemented until December 1985, 1.2 million
farmers benefited, either they became the owner or leaseholder in more than 1.3 million hectares of rice
and corn lands.
Primary Health Care
The Primary Health Care (PHC) Program made medical care accessible to millions of Filipinos in the remotest
barrios of the country. This program was even awarded by United Nations as the most effective and most responsive health program among the third world
countries. With PHC life expectancy increased from 53.7 years in 1965 to 65 years in 1985. Infant mortality rate
also declined from 73 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1965 to 58 in 1984.
Housing for the masses
Bagong Lipunan Improvement of Sites and Services (BLISS) Housing project had expanded the government’s housing program for the
low-income group.Massive slum upgrading projects have improved to 14,000 lots in
1985 from 2,500 in 1976. The Tondo foreshore, for instance, is one of the biggest and most miserable slum colonies in Asia was
transformed into a decent community.A total of 230,000 housing units were constructed from 1975-1985. The laws on socialized housing were conceptualized by President Marcos through a series of legal issuances from the funding, the lending, mortgaging and to the collection of the loans. These are
governed by the Home Mutual Development Fund (Pag-Ibig Fund), the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB) and the
National Home Mortgage Finance which remain intact up to the present
Energy Self-Reliance
Indigenous energy sources were developed like hydro, geothermal, dendrothermal, coal, biogas and biomass.
The country became the first in Asia to use dendrothermal and in five years we became number
two, next to US, in geothermal utilization. The extensive energy resource research and exploration and development resulted to reduction of oil imports from 100% in 1965 to 40% in 1985 and in the same year, more than 1,400 towns and cities were fully
energized.
Export Development
During 1985 textile and textile products like garments and embroideries, furniture and rattan products, marine
products like prawns and milkfish, raw silk, shoes, dehydrated and fresh fruits were exported aside from the
traditional export products like coconut, sugar, logs, lumber and veneer. The maritime industry was also dominated by Filipinos wherein 50,000 seamen were
employed by various world shipping companies.
Labor Reform
The Labor code was promulgated which expanded the concerns of the Magna Carta of Labor to extend greater protection to labor, promote employment, and human
resource development.The minimum wages of the workers were boosted
through the guaranteed 13th month pay and cost of living allowances. Employment potentials of Filipinos
were enhanced through skills training. During that time, there were 896,000 out-of-school youths and
unemployed graduated from various training centers all over the country.
Unprecedented Infrastructure Growth
The country’s road network had improved from 55,778 kilometers in 1965 to 77,950 in five years (1970), and
eventually reached 161,000 kilometers in 1985. Construction of irrigation facilities was also done that
made 1.5 million hectares of land irrigated and increased the farmer’s harvest and income.
In addition, nationwide telecommunication systems— telephone systems, telex exchange too centers, and
interprovincial toll stations were also built.
Political Reform
The structure of government established by President Marcos remains substantially the same except the change of name,
inclusive of superficial features in laws, to give a semblance of change from that of President Marcos regime.
The only significant department that was abolished after the departure of President Marcos was the Department of Ministry of Human Settlements under Imelda Romualdez Marcos. It was
dismantled but the functions were distributed to different offices.
Fiscal Reform
Government finances were stabilized by higher revenue collections and loans from treasury bonds, foreign lending institutions and foreign governments.
Peace and Order
In 1966, more than 100 important smugglers were arrested; in three years 1966-68 they arrested a total of 5,000. Military men involved in smuggling were forced to retire. Peace and
order significantly improved in most provinces however situations in Manila and some provinces continued to deteriorate until the imposition of martial law in 1972.
Gallery
Thank You!
Ervin Jay A. AntalanACT201A
Credits
http://www.google.com.ph
http://amazingpilipinas.blogspot.ca/
2014/10/president-ferdinand-e-marcos.html