Transcript of Federalist Era Unit 4 Chapter 6. George Washington “The Precedent President” 1 st to take office...
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- Federalist Era Unit 4 Chapter 6
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- George Washington The Precedent President 1 st to take office 1
st to create a cabinet 1 st to enforce laws 1 st to create treaties
1 st to amend the Constitution 1 st to say goodbye
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- Washington chooses experts to advise him: Cabinet
PositionPerson Secretary of StateThomas Jefferson Treasury
SecretaryAlexander Hamilton Attorney GeneralEdmund Randolph
Secretary of WarHenry Knox
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- Judiciary Act of 1789 Created the national court system
Including the Supreme Court
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- Bill of Rights 1-9: Guaranteed the rights of ______?
Individuals 10 th : Reserved powers of the ______? States
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- Financial Debate Alexander Hamiltons Plan 1) National
government to take on and repay debt of states and Confederation 2)
Create a national bank 3) Create taxes to pay off debt and protect
industry
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- Opposition to Hamiltons Plan Who gets paid? Original Bond
Holders No, they usually sold off their bonds. Speculators They
bought the shares around 10 cents to the dollar but were paid in
full by the government. Is the National Bank legal? No: Not in the
Constitution Yes: Implied Power
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- Implied Power Constitution: Congress must do whatever is
necessary and proper to do its job Called the Elastic Clause
Stretches the constitution
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- Opposition to Hamiltons Plan Plan hurts farmers Protective
Tariffs Excise Taxes Assumption of state debt hurts South more than
North
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- Whiskey Rebellion 1791 Pennsylvania Farmers Upset over tax on
whiskey Attack federal courthouses and tax collectors Washington
calls out the army to crush the rebellion Federal government flexes
its muscles (Insures Domestic Tranquility)
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- Political Parties Develop PartiesFederalistsRepublicans
LeadersHamiltonJefferson Economy ManufacturingAgriculture Interpret
Loose Strict Constitution Section NortheastSouth Support Govt.
Strong Central govt. State govt. Bank Support BUSNo BUS
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- Washingtons Foreign Policy America adopts a policy of
NEUTRALITY during European wars
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- Goodbye Washingtons Farewell: Advice: Avoid creation of:
Political Parties Foreign Alliances
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- What do I have to know Identify: Tariff of 1789, Hamiltons
Plan, Bank of the United States, Whiskey Rebellion What caused the
Whiskey Rebellion What political parties developed during this time
and what were their characteristics.
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- New President: Problems: Quasi-War Undeclared War Cause: XYZ
Affair
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- War between the Political Parties Alien & Sedition Act Why
Aliens? Favored Republicans Sedition Act violated: Freedom of
Speech
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- Republican Response: Virginia And Kentucky Resolutions: States
can declare laws unconstitutional NULLIFICATION
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- Political Parties Controversy over the Federalists support for
the Bank of the US, the Jay Treaty, and the undeclared war on
France contributed to the emergence of an opposition party The
Democratic-Republicans, led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
Election of 1800 won by Thomas Jefferson
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- Political parties Why did competing political parties develop
during the 1790s? Different views of economic and foreign policy
issues led to the development of the first American political
parties.
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- Impact of the election of 1800 It was the first American
presidential election in which power was peacefully transferred
from one political party to another.
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- Jeffersonian Democracy Political Party: Democratic Republican
Constitutional Interpretation: Strict Pro-Farmer States Rights
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- Federalists Led by John Adams and Alexander Hamilton Believed
in a strong national government and commercial economy
(manufacturing). They were supported by bankers and business
interests in the Northeast.
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- Democratic-Republicans Believed in a weak national government
An agricultural economy They were supported by farmers, artisans
and frontier settlers in the South.
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- Government Philosophy Laissez Faire: Leave it alone Goal:
Smaller Government Reduce Debt Eliminate Whiskey Tax Reduce size of
Army
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- Marbury v Madison Case: Midnight Judge sues for his job John
Marshall Chief Justice of Supreme Court What was the big deal?
Established the precedent of judicial review
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- Judicial Review Empowers the Supreme Court to decide if a law
is constitutional or unconstitutional. The doctrine of judicial
review set forth in Marbury v. Madison Chief Justice: John
Marshall
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- Louisiana Purchase 1803 United States offered $10 million to
France for New Orleans. French response: France offered the entire
Louisiana territory for $15 million dollars Why? Napoleon needed
money for his war in Europe
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- Jeffersons Conflict Farm Land VS Constitutional Power Decision:
Accepts a loose interpretation of the Constitution to make the land
purchase.
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- Louisiana Purchase The new United States border shifts from the
Mississippi River to the : Rocky Mountains
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- Lewis & Clark Leaders of the fact finding expedition of the
new territory Sacagawea: Indian princess who serves as a guide to
the explores
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- International Problems Britain VS France Impressments: Forced
service of U.S. sailors into the British Navy. British attacks
angered America: Thomas Jeffersons response: Embargo Act of
1807
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- What do I have to know? What were Jeffersons belief on the size
of government? How did he go about achieving his results? Who were
the midnight judges? How did Jefferson attempt to deal with them?
Explain the significance of Marbury v. Madison. What precedent did
it set? Who was the Chief Justice who presided over the event?
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- Jeffersons Presidency What caused Napoleon to sell the
Louisiana Territory to the United States? What issues did T.J. have
with the sale? What was the significance of the deal? Who were
Lewis, Clark, and Sacagawea? What problems did American sailors
have with Europe during this time? How did T.J. attempt to deal
with this issue?
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- James Madison 4 th President of the United States Little Man
with Big Brain
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- Major Issues American Exports go down War of 1812 Causes of War
of 1812: Trade Restrictions Farmers in South and West hurt
economically British support Indian attacks on the frontier
Impressments of American Sailors Desire for Canada
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- Battle of Tippecanoe Indian Chief: Tecumseh U.S. Leader:
William Henry Harrison Fight over American movement into the
frontier. Indians flee to Canada War Hawks: Name given to American
leaders who are in favor of war.
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- War of 1812 Battle of Fort McHenry, 1812 Francis Scott Key: Oh
Say Can You See, By The Dawns Early Light Treaty of Ghent ends the
war on December 24, 1814 Not an inch gained, nor an inch lost.
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- Effects of War of 1812 Nationalism increased Proved our
independence Second War for Independence Federalist Party was
Destroyed Northeast manufacturing was able to grow
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- Battle of New Orleans January 8, 1815 Fought after the peace
treaty signed Made a hero out of Andrew Jackson
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- What Do I Have To Know? What were the causes of the war of
1812? Explain the importance of the Battle of fort McHenry to
American tradition? What made the Battle of New Orleans so unique?
Who emerged from War of 1812 as our greatest military hero? What
was the Treaty of Ghent?