FDRand the

First New Deal

The 1932 Election

Franklin D. Roosevelt Herbert Hoover Democrat Republican Electoral vote: 472 59 Percentage: 57.4% 39.7%

Objective...Explain why Americans

overwhelmingly embraced the image of FDR as the hope for the their future.

*Objective…Describe the background of FDR.• Aristocratic family• Believed government could make people’s lives better.• 1921: Stricken with Polio…• 1928: Governor of NY• 1932: Elected 32nd President - Democrat• The only 4 term US President

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Article/ Quiz: A Monumental Man

#17) What personal experience

transformed FDR?

“Once I spent two years in bed trying to move my

big toe… After that anything else

seems easy” - FDR

First Lady Eleanor RooseveltThe most active First Lady in U.S. history.

• FDR’s “social conscience”& advisor • Supports minorities & the poor• Writes, speaks & travels as the “eyes & ears”

of FDRArticle/ Quiz: Eleanor Roosevelt

FDR promises America…• FDR promises…

- a “new deal”…

- “bold and persistent experimentation”

The Election of 1932 FDR Hoover– Electoral Vote: 472 59– Popular Vote: 23m 15.7m– Percentage: 57.4% 39.7%

16) How extensive was the Democratic victory in both the executive and legislative branches?

1933 Inaugural Address

• FDR symbolized confidence & hope for America… “The only thing we have to fear,

…is fear itself”

19) What was FDR’s inaugural message?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=amNpxQANk0M

*I & E: 20th Amendment

The Lame Duck Amendment - Advanced the inauguration date from March 5th to January 20th.

Objective…Describe the government responses

under the Roosevelt administration to the social & economic problems

associated with the Depression.

The First New

Deal

What was the New Deal?...

What were the three main focuses of the New Deal?...

The 3 R’s… Relief

Recovery Reform

- The policies put forward by FDR…- FDR promised America a “new deal.”

The New New Deal

The 2008 election

J. Doyle, Phila. Daily News March 3, 1933

The message?

The symbolism?

I & E: “Brain Trust”…

The advisors assembled by FDR… Academics, lawyers, professors &

journalists.

*21) What was the Hundred Days?

Refers to the first 100 days FDR was in office.

- More laws are passed in this time than any other peace time period in our history. - 15 new laws between March 9th & June 16th

Since 1933 all administrations are

judged for their performance in the

first 100 days.

22) What was the “Priming the Pump” concept?...

• The idiom…“prime the pump”…To do something in order to make something succeed, especially to spend money.

What was Keynesian Economics?...

• “pump priming”• To get the economy going:

- Lower taxes

- Government spends money (Prime the pump)

- Deficit spending by government

Key Legislation of the First New Deal

• Emergency Banking Act• Civilian Conservation Corps• Fed. Emergency Relief Admin.• Agricultural Adjustment Act• Tennessee Valley Authority• National Industrial Recovery Act• Glass–Steagall Banking Act• Truth In Securities Act

The message?The symbolism?

*20) What steps did FDR take to restore the banking system and what success did he

have?

Emergency Banking Act…

AKA: “Bank Holiday”

Provided FDR with the means to reopen banks & regulate

banking.

Bank Runs – 20% of all banks close

Roosevelt’s Fireside chats...

Radio talks given by FDR… Designed to inspire confidence by explaining New Deal

measures in plain language.

*The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

3M young men (18 to 25) found work in road building, forestry labor & flood control.

*Federal Emergency Relief Act(FERA) …

• Formerly the Emergency Relief Administration (ERA) under Hoover.• Eventually replaced by the Works Progress Admin. (WPA)• Created unskilled jobs• Cost $3.1 B in federal funds …20M employed• Psychologically beneficial to the male breadwinner.

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

The AAA decreased crop surpluses by subsidizing farmers

who voluntarily cut back on production.

*Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) …

Allowed the federal government to build dams &

power plants in the TE Valley, to generate & sell the power.

Why is the TVA controversial

project?

*Glass-Steagall Banking Act…

Forces banks out of the investment business & creates the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) to insure bank deposits up to $5,000.

The Beer Act…

21st Amendmentrepeals the

18th Amendment

National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)

• NIRA – Congress gives FDR the power to manage the nation's business.

• Goal: Recovery & create jobs to give economic relief

• The NIRA includes…• NRA – National Recovery Administration

• PWA – Public Works Admin. - Sec. Int. Ickes

* NIRA: National Recovery Administration

(NRA)

The NRA regulate wages, working hours, prices & recognizes trade unions.

Declared unconstitutional in1935:

Congress could not delegate its lawmaking power to the President.

National Recovery Administration

NIRA: Public Works Administration

• $4.2B on large scale projects

• Constructed schools, hospitals, post offices, roads & dams.

• Creates jobs

PWA

What criticism is directed at the various

WPA projects?