Fasciola Fasciola hepaticahepatica

Jeremy LeibfriedJeremy Leibfried

Tyler GronliTyler Gronli

IntroductionIntroduction

• Phylum: PlatyhelminthesPhylum: Platyhelminthes

• Flat wormFlat worm

• Liver flukeLiver fluke

• Effects sheep, cattle, and sometimes Effects sheep, cattle, and sometimes humanshumans

Interesting FactsInteresting Facts

• Eggs found in mummiesEggs found in mummies

• 11stst fluke or trematode to be reported fluke or trematode to be reported– 1379 Reported in Publication (1379 Reported in Publication (Le Bon Le Bon

BergerBerger))

• 11stst discovered in sheep discovered in sheep

F. hepaticaF. hepatica

• Definitive host:Definitive host:– SheepSheep– CattleCattle– Humans (Accidental)Humans (Accidental)– Other MammalsOther Mammals

• Intermediate hostIntermediate host– Fresh Water SnailFresh Water Snail

• Geographic RangeGeographic Range– Cosmopolitan; anywhere sheep and cattle are Cosmopolitan; anywhere sheep and cattle are

raisedraised

MorphologyMorphology

• Adult flukeAdult fluke– Flat leaf like bodyFlat leaf like body– 20-30mm long20-30mm long– 8-15mm wide8-15mm wide

Site of InfectionSite of Infection

• Ingestion MetacercariaeIngestion Metacercariae

• Ex-cyst in DuodenumEx-cyst in Duodenum

• Burrows through Intestinal WallBurrows through Intestinal Wall

• Enters Peritoneal CavityEnters Peritoneal Cavity

• Migrates to LiverMigrates to Liver

EggEggMiracidiMiracidi

aa

CercariaeCercariae MetacercarMetacercariaeiae

SymptomsSymptoms

• Abdominal PainAbdominal Pain• AnemiaAnemia• Hepatic TendernessHepatic Tenderness• Hepatomegaly resulting from EdemaHepatomegaly resulting from Edema• Intermittent FeverIntermittent Fever• JaundiceJaundice• LethargyLethargy• NauseaNausea• Prolonged High FeverProlonged High Fever• Secondary InfectionsSecondary Infections• VomittingVomitting

SymptomsSymptoms

• AcuteAcute– More common in sheepMore common in sheep– 10,000+ Metacercariea consumed at one time10,000+ Metacercariea consumed at one time– Dramatic Liver Inflamation, Frequently Resulting in DeathDramatic Liver Inflamation, Frequently Resulting in Death

• ChronicChronic– More Common and Rarely FatalMore Common and Rarely Fatal– Nonspecific SymptomsNonspecific Symptoms

• HalzounHalzoun– Eating raw, infected liverEating raw, infected liver– Infects pharynxInfects pharynx– Causes swelling and obstructs breathingCauses swelling and obstructs breathing

DiagnosisDiagnosis

• Stool SamplesStool Samples– Yellow-Brown EggsYellow-Brown Eggs– Eggs Don’t Show for 4 MonthsEggs Don’t Show for 4 Months

• Duodenal or Biliary AspirateDuodenal or Biliary Aspirate• Antibody TestAntibody Test

– Can detect 2 Weeks After InfectionCan detect 2 Weeks After Infection• UltrasoundUltrasound

– Visualize Adults in Bile DuctVisualize Adults in Bile Duct• CT ScanCT Scan

– Reveals Burrows in LiverReveals Burrows in Liver

TreatmentTreatment

• BithionalBithional– Highly EffectiveHighly Effective– Large DoseLarge Dose– High CostHigh Cost– Long Treatment PeriodLong Treatment Period

• TriclabendazoleTriclabendazole– Easier to UseEasier to Use– 1-2 Oral Doses in 24 hrs1-2 Oral Doses in 24 hrs– Virtually 100% EffectiveVirtually 100% Effective

• SurgerySurgery

Control MethodsControl Methods

• EduactionEduaction– Cheapest and Most Cost Effective WayCheapest and Most Cost Effective Way– Wash Aquatic Vegetables in 6% Vinegar Wash Aquatic Vegetables in 6% Vinegar

for 5-10 minutesfor 5-10 minutes– Better herding practicesBetter herding practices

•Keep herds away from aquatic areasKeep herds away from aquatic areas

• MoluskicideMoluskicide– Controls Intermediate Snail HostControls Intermediate Snail Host