Post on 10-Jan-2016
description
What is Strabismus?
ocular misalignment
Define failure to thrive.
1. weight below 3rd or 5th percentile, or
2. decelerations of growth that have crossed 2 major growth percentiles, in a short period
Most common cause of amblyopia. StrabismusName 2 required newborn screening tests.
PKU and congenital hypothyroidism
Name some common newborn screening tests.
hemoglobinopathies (sickle), galactosemia
How do you evaluate for iron deficiency in children?
get hemoglobin or hematocrit bt 6-12 months of age
what is the meaning of a red reflex in an ophthalmoscopic exam of a newborn
no cataracts or retinoblastoma
how do you test for strabismus
what do you do if the child tests positive
asymmetric light reflex, or
cover-uncover testchild focuses on object with both eyes, then cover one eye, if the uncovered eye deviates then it is a sign of strabisumus
refer to ophthalmologist asap to prevent amblyopialeading cause of death in children under 1yo
SIDS
what is the car safety law for children
rear-facing car seat until 1yo and weighs 20 lbs
front-facing seat btw 20-40 lbs
booster seat when >40lbs, with shoulder beltleading cause of death of children older than 1 yo
accidents and injuries
contraindications to vaccineshx of anaphylactic reaction to vaccine or its component (regardless if having fever or not)
sx: nasal itching, sneezing, rhinorrhea allegic rhinitissigns: nasal turbinates swollen (boggy), pale/bluish color
allergic rhinitis
tx for allergic rhinitis antihistamines, decongestants or intranasal steroids
complications of tx for allergic rhinitis
excess use of decongestants can cause rebound congestion
rhinitis medicamentosaname sx of allergic rhinitis sneezing
itching (nose/eyes/ears)rhinorrhea - thin/waterypostnasal dripcongestionanosmia
HAearachetearing/red eyesdrowsiness
contrast the mucous secretion of rhinitis vs sinusitis
rhinitis - thin/watery
sinusitis - thick/purulent
how do you test for nasal polypsspray a topical decongestant, the polyp does not shrink, but the surrounding nasal mucosa does
name some 1st gen antihistaminesdiphenhydraminechlorpheniraminehydroxyzine
name some 2nd gen antihistaminesloratadinefexofenadinecetirizine
why do 2nd gen antihistamines have less sedative effects than 1st gen
less penetration into cns
name a decongestant and its mech of action
pseudoephredine
alpha agonstwhy avoid oral decongestants may cause tachycardia, tremors, insominiaside effects of corticosteroid nasal sprays
nosebleeds, pharyngitis, URI
describe urticarialarge, irregularly shapedpruriticerythematous wheals
describe angioedema
painlessdeepsubcu swelling
involves:periorbitalcircumoral
describe anaphylaxis
systemic rxn:skin findingsdyspneavisceral edemahypotension
immediate tx for anaphylaxisepiSQ or IM
what is asthma msucle spasms
signs/sxasthma
wheezingSOBcoughincrease airway sectionsincreased expiratory phase
what 2 major triggers of asthmaviral infxallrgens
acute relief of asthmabeta2 agonistalbuterol