Family health risk

outline

• 1-Objectives

• 2-Definition of family and health risks

• 3- Early approaches to family health risks

• 4-Concepts in family health risk

• 5-Family health risks

• 6-Empowering families

• 7-nursing intervention

• 8-conclusion & summary

• 9-Article

• 10-Refernces

Objectives upon completion of this seminar the student will be able to:

-Identify the definition of health risks

-recognize approaches to family health risks

-Identify concept in family health risk

-recognize major health risks

-explain what's nursing interventions

-article

obj

ecti

ve

• Social system of two or more people

Define themselves as a family

Share bonds of emotional closeness

• family include environment and individuals

FAMILY

Health risks Any factor that increases the chance of disease or

injury.

Pender(2002) identified six categories of risk factor:1-genetics.

2 -age3 -biological characteristics

4-personal health habits5 -lifestyle

6-enviroment

healt

h

ri

sk

1-health of families

“Litman” pointed out the important

role that the family plays in health

and illness and emphasized that

the relationship between health,

health behavior and family

“is highly dynamic one in which

each may have a dramatic effect

on other

Early approaches to family health risks :

2-Health of the nation* Population focused classic study demonstrated relationships

between seven lifestyle habits and decreased morbidity and mortality.

These habits were :1-sleeping 7- 8 hours daily.2- eating breakfast almost every day3-never or rarely eating between meals4-being at or near recommended height adjusted weight5- never smoking cigarettes6- moderate or no use of alcohol7- regular physical activity

Early approaches to family health risks :

• Understanding family health risk requires an examination of several related concepts:

• 1-family health• 2-family health risks• 3-Risk appraisal• 4-Risk reduction• 5-Life event • 6-Life style• 7-Family crisis

Concepts in family health risk

”

• Is defined in terms of system stability as characterized by five interacting factors:

• *physiologic

• *psychological

• *socio cultural

• *developmental

• *spiritual

Concepts in family health risk(Family health)

- Occurs when family faces a seemingly-insolvable problem

or when the family is not able to cope with an event and becomes disorganized or dysfunctional .

Concepts in family health risk“Family crisis”

• Differentiate between family resources and family coping strategies:

• -if family were to experience an unexpected illness in the primary wage earner ,family resources might include financial assistance from relative or emotional support.

-family coping strategies include the family was able to ask a relative to loan them emergency funds or was able to talk with relatives about the worries they were experiencing.

Con’t family crisis

assessment of family health risk requires many approaches and must to get know :

Family

Strengths

Their needs

Concepts in family health risk “Family health risk appraisal”

• Biological and age –related risk

• Environment risk

• Behavioral risk (life style)

Family health risks :

• The family plays in important role in both development and the management of a diseases or condition .

• Several illness have a family component that can be accounted for by either genetics or lifestyle pattern .

• Example : cardiovascular dieses can several generation of a family

• Hypertension , diabetes millets

Biological and age –related risk

Biological and age –related risk

Life- event risks :

often occur during transition

from one development stage

to another Transition present

new situation and demands

for families.

these experience often require

that family change behaviors

schedules and pattern of

communication make new decisions

Biological and age –related risk

• How well prepared families are to deal with transition depends on the nature of the event

• The event divided to :

**Normative

**Non- normative

Life event

• The kind of anticipatory preparation can increase the family coping ability and less stress and negative outcomes

• Birth new baby

• Moving out of the home to

go school or work

Normative event

Non – normative event

• Is unexpected and families have littlie or no time to prepare and the outcome can be increase stress and crisis or dysfunction.

• Examples :

• **Major illness

• **Divorce

• **Death

• 1-Genogram is a drawing that shows the family unit of immediate interest

and includes several generation

using series of circles ,squares,

and connecting lines

• Basic information about the

family , relationship in the family

and pattern of health and illness

Biological health risk assessment:

• 2- more intensive and quantitative assessment of a family biological risks can be achieved through the use of a standard family risk assessment

Biological health risk assessment:

Biological health risk assessment:

• 3- normative and no normative life events pose potential risks to the health of families

• Community level support groups have been successful in assisting families in dealing with verity of stressful situation and crisis (e.g., bereaved parents , parents and friends of lesbian and gay person )

Biological health risk assessment:

• Social risks =

• living in high – crime neighborhoods,

• in communities without adequate recreation or health resources

• in communities that have major noise pollution or in the high stress environment

*If adequate resources and coping process are not available breakdown in health occur .

Environment risk

Environment risk • economic risk : which is related to social

risk is determined by the relationship between family financial resources and the demand on those resources .

• Having adequate financial resources means that is family is to able buy the necessary commodities related to health ( housing ,food , education , health or illness care)

Environment risk

• Assessment of environment health risk is less well defined and developed information on relationships that family with other such as relatives , neighbors

• Their connection with the other social units (e.g , school , work , clubs .organization .

Environment risk assessment

Environment risk assessment

• Ecomap represent the family interactions with other groups and organizational accomplished using a series of circles and lines .

Environment risk assessment

• The pattern of personal health habits and behavioral risk defines individual and family lifestyle risk.

• General guidelines include eating variety of foods , maintaining healthy weight , choosing diet low In fat and cholesterol limiting use sugar and salt .

• Regular physical activity is effective promoting and maintaining health and prevent disease

• Substance abuse and tobacco use are most causes in death in united state

Behavioral (life style )

• A number of tools exist for assessing individuals lifestyle risks but few are available for assessing family life style patterns

• One approach is to identify family patterns for each of lifestyle component

• In the areas of health promotion ,health protection, and preventing services lifestyle can be assessed in several dimension .

• From the literature on health behavior research

Behavioral health risk assessment

• Its important to assess the frequency , intensity and regularity of specific behaviors is also important to evaluate the resource available to the family for implementing the behaviors' .

Cont assessment

• *approaches for helping individuals and families assumes an active role in their health care

• characteristics of empowered family seeking help:

1-access and control over needed resources

2-decision-making and problem solving abilities

3-the ability to communicate and to obtain needs resources

Empowering families

• Outcomes of empowerment:

• 1-positive self-esteem

• 2-ability to set and reach goals

• 3-sence of control over life and change processes

• 4-sence of hope for the future

Con’t empowerment

WHY NURSES WORK WITH FAMILIES

• To reduce the factors that damage health.

• To enhance good health and well being.

• To strengthen self-care and coping.

WHAT DO NURSES OFFER TO FAMILIES

• Health promotion.

• Disease prevention and early detection.

• Home care.

NURSING INTERVENTIONS• Primary prevention-aggregate level

• Advocate– Environmental protection– Social justice– Availability of health promotion and illness

prevention services

• Teach coping skills

NURSING INTERVENTIONS

• Health promotion and protection– Educate family members

• Safety• Nutrition• Physical activity/rest

• Illness prevention– Teaching effective hygiene– Referring for immunizations

nursing intervention

family include individual

and environment

many risksinvolved family

empowering family

Summary

conclusion•because the family basic unit in our

community the nursing role very important in primary , secondary , and tertiary intervention to promote Health prevent Disease.

FAMILY HOME VISITING OUTCOMES FOR LATINA MOTHERS WITH AND WITHOUT MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS

•Abstract: Objective: To evaluate outcomes of a public health nursing family home visiting (FHV) intervention for Latina mothers with and without mental health problems.Design and Sample: Retrospective cohort analysis of de-identified FHV data. Latina clients served by public health nurses (PHNS) in an urban Midwest public health agency (2007-2010). Of the 680 clients there were 158 with mental health problems (n = 30, 14-17 year olds; n = 128, 18-52 year olds) and 522 without mental health problems (n = 100, 14-17 year olds; n = 422, 18-52 year olds).Measures: Client age, number of problems, number of visits, length of service, presence of mental health problem, and Omaha System knowledge, behavior, and status scores for all client problems. Analysis included general linear mixed models adjusted for co-variables (i.e., age, comorbidities).

•Results: All groups improved knowledge, behavior, and status. Knowledge improvement was not significantly

different across groups. Behavior improved more among adults with mental health problems (p = .013). Status

improved more among adolescents with mental health problems (p = .012).

Conclusions: Latina mothers, particularly those with mental health problems, improve after PHN FHV services. Further study should examine intervention patterns associated with

these outcomes, and seek explanations for differences in outcomes.

(© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

References:

• www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0137.htm

• www.colorado.edu/.../CognitionBangladesh_Dec_2008

• www.community.nsw.gov.au/.../research_parentalmenta

• National Council on Family Relations