Post on 11-Apr-2022
Experimental investigation on flexural
properties of glulam Timber reinforced by
bamboo strips
Muammar Khadafi, Buan Anshari, Jauhar Fajrin
Nama Jurnal : International Journal of Civil Enginering and Technology
Volume Jurnal : 9
Nomor Jurnal (Opsional) : 5
Halaman : 69-76
ISSN : Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
Penerbit : IAEME Publication
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=IJCIET&VType=9&Itype=5
Terindex oleh : Scopus (Saat terbit, 2018/Scopus coverage: 2016-2019), SJR
Quartile : Q3 (saat publikasi); Q2 (sekarang)
SJR/CiteScore (2019) : 0.29/1.4 (2017)
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 69 editor@iaeme.com
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 9, Issue 5, May 2018, pp. 69–76, Article ID: IJCIET_09_05_009
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=9&IType=5
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON
FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF GLULAM
TIMBER BEAM REINFORCED BY BAMBOO
STRIPS
M. Khadafi, B. Anshari and J. Fajrin
Master of Civil Engineering, Post Graduate Study,
University of Mataram, NTB, Indonesia
ABSTRACT
Usage of timber and bamboo as building materials were very promising for now
and future. As renewable resources, they have high mechanical properties,
lightweight, environmentally friendly and economic. Utilization of bamboo as material
to reinforced glued laminated (glulam) timber was rarely published. Therefore, this
study focused on strengthening the flexural capacity of glulam timber beam in term of
stiffness, strength, and load carrying capacity. This research was conducted in the
laboratory to examine the flexural strength of the beam by attaching bamboo strip at
tension side or bottom fiber of the beam. The results showed that there was significant
increase in term of flexural properties of the beam by strengthening tension side with
bamboo strip reinforced compare with the beam without reinforcement. The highest
improvement at 20% in the laboratory test occurred on BLM02 specimens of 25%
compared with without reinforcement.
Keywords: bamboo strip, flexural properties, glulam and reinforcement.
Cite this Article: M. Khadafi, B. Anshari and J. Fajrin, Experimental Investigation on
Flexural Properties of Glulam Timber Beam Reinforced by Bamboo Strips,
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(5), 2018, pp. 69–76.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=9&IType=5
1. INTRODUCTION
Wood is a renewable resource, sustainable material and can be recycled with high mechanical
strength, light weight, environmentally friendly, and economical. Limitations of the size of
the structural wood need to be overcome with the development of laminate wood technology
Lamination technology is an alternative way of wood processing that is relevant to achieve
the expected goal, because it can produce dimensions of either length, width, or thickness that
is in accordance with what we need.
M. Khadafi, B. Anshari and J. Fajrin
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 70 editor@iaeme.com
The laminated wood commonly called glulam, according to ASTM D3737 in Moody and
Hernandez (1997)[1] is a material bonded from selected lumber of wood (lamina) at specific
temperatures and pressures in a straight or curved form, in which the fiber direction is parallel
to the longitudinal axis of the stem. The process of designing laminated wood is influenced by
several factors such as the level of designer's skill, the factor of wood used and its
combination, the adhesive and the adhesive process and the process of clamping.
Many attempts have been made to reinforce wood or Glulam timber beam by using carbon
fiber reinforced plastic(CFRP) Nikolaos and Thanasis (1992), glass fiber reinforced plastic
(GFRP), Gentile, et al. (2002), Fiorelli and Dias (2003), aramid fiber reinforced, steel, Issa
and Kmeid(2005) etc.[2,3,4,5]. A new approach to reinforced glulam beams by using
compressed wood have been studied by Anshari, et.al (2010a, 2010b), Anshari, et
al(2012,2014,2015), Anshari, et al(2017)[6,7,8,9,10,11]. The result showed that the
reinforcement could enhance bending capacity of the glulam beams in term of initial stiffness,
and load carrying capacity.
One of alternative natural material could be used to reinforced glulam beam is bamboo.
Bamboo is a renewable material and saving natural resources with the potential of sustainable
building construction materials. There are about 1250 species of bamboo around the world
and about 500 species in China. Li, Shen et al. (2012),[12]. Several studies about bamboo
have been conducted i.e. Liu, D., et al(2012)[13] examined Bamboo fiber and its reinforced
composites, Wei, et al (2017)[14] studied flexural performance of bamboo scrimber beams
strengthened with FRP, Zhong, Y.,et al (2017)[15] also studied Bending properties evaluation
of newly designed reinforced bamboo scrimber composite beams. Anshari, et al,(2017)[16]
studied about utilization bamboo dowel as fastener in bamboo connection. The result show
that there was an improvement about 41% with thickness of adhesive 2 mm compared with
without adhesive.
The aim of study is to investigate the reinforcement of glulam timber beams by using
variation of placement of bamboo strips at bottom extreme fiber to obtain the optimum
flexural strength of the glulam beams.
2. MATERIALS & EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
2.1. Materials and equipment
The materials mainly consist of Bajur Wood, Petung Bamboo and Melamin Formaldehyde as
waterproof adhesive. The equipment were used in this study, for instance; drying oven,
universal testing machine, caliper, digital weigh, tensile testing machine, hydraulic jack, etc.
2.2. Methods
This experimental study conducted to examine flexural strength of glued laminated beam.
There were 25 specimen in total by four variation of bamboo reinforced location for each
beam. The testing method have been used in this study were two pont loading or four point
bending moment. The testing procedure based on SNI 03-3972-1995.
2.2.1. Specimen
The beam specimens consist of three layer lamina and two strips of bamboo with specific
thickness. The comparison volume between wood and bamboo are 91.15% and 4.85%. The
recapitulation of detail specimen can be seen in Table 1.
Experimental Investigation on Flexural Properties of Glulam Timber Beam Reinforced by Bamboo
Strips
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 71 editor@iaeme.com
Table 1 Summary of reinforcement glulam beam variation
Specimen code Amount of
layer
Size (mm) Amount of
specimen L
(length
B
(width)
d
(depth)
BLM01 3 1600 55 75 5
BLM02 3 1600 55 75 5
BLM03 3 1600 55 75 5
BLM04 3 1600 55 75 5
BLM05 3 1600 55 75 5
The variation of reinforcement by bamboo strip on the tension side of Glulam beam and
the beam without reinforcement as control specimen can be illustrated in Figure 1(a)-(e)
below.
Figure 1 Geometric of glulam beam with variation bamboo reinforcement
2.2.2. Beam testing
Preparation of laminate beam test specimen refers to Structural Strength Test Method of
Structural Wood Based on the provisions of SNI 03-3972-1995. The size of the specimen
with the total length of Ltot = 6h + 1m + 2h (cm), the span length between the support is L =
18h (cm) i.e. the length of the laminated beam 160 cm as shown in Figure 2.
(a) Setting up of bending test
M. Khadafi, B. Anshari and J. Fajrin
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(b) Dimension of glulam beam specimen
Figure 2 Setting up of testing and beam geometry
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Flexural strength test in this research is conducted by two point load method. The laminated
wooden beam uses 1600 mm long dimensions, 55 mm wide and 75 mm high with a thickness
of each layer is 25 mm. This research uses 4 types of reinforcement variation. As the control
variable used laminate wooden beam without reinforcement.
3.1. Glulam beam without reinforcement (BLM01)
As a controlled specimen, it consists of the three layer of lamina with thickness of 25 mm as
shown in Figure 3. From testing, The BLM01 glulam beam result in the maximum average
load can be carried by 17.3 kN at 18.13 mm deflection, meanwhile, the average bending
strength of 37.73 MPa was obtained.
Figure 3 Glulam beam without reinforcement
3.2. Glulam beam with first reinforcement (BLM02)
The first bamboo reinforcement put on upper side of the lowest layer as shown in Figure 4. In
this variation (BLM02), it was reached the maximum average load carrying capacity of 21.6
kN at 19.3 mm deflection. In other word, the average bending strength can be obtained about
47.15 MPa. In compared with the control (BLM01), it is increase by 25%.
Experimental Investigation on Flexural Properties of Glulam Timber Beam Reinforced by Bamboo
Strips
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 73 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 4 Glulam beam with upper bottom reinforcement
3.3. Glulam beam with bottom reinforcement (BLM03)
The second variation of reinforcement was placement the bamboo strips at bottom extreme
fiber as exposure as shown in Figure 5. In this variation (BLM03), it was reached the
maximum average load carrying capacity of 18.0 kN at 16.8 mm deflection. Otherwise, the
average flexural strength can be achieved about 39.4 MPa. In compared with the control
(BLM01), it is improved by 4.3%.
Figure 5 Glulam beam with extreme bottom fiber reinforcement
3.4. Glulam beam with half upper bottom reinforcement (BLM04)
The third variation of reinforcement was placement the bamboo strips at about one third upper
side of the lowest lamina as shown in Figure 6. In this variation (BLM04), it was reached the
maximum average load carrying capacity of 18.4 kN, at deflection of 16 mm. Otherwise, the
average flexural strength can be obtained about 40.1 MPa. From this results, the value of
flexural strength was close to the previous specimen BLM03. i.e improvement of 4.3%.
M. Khadafi, B. Anshari and J. Fajrin
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 74 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 6 Glulam beam with half upper bottom fiber reinforcement (BLM04)
Figure 7 Load against Deflection BLM04 compared with the control specimen
Figure 7 illustrated that the relationship between load and deflection of glulam beam
BLM04 compared with the control specimen. The glulam beam which reinforced with half
upper bottom fiber reinforcement could resist load slightly higher the unreinforced beam. It is
indicated that the failure load of BLM04 beam by 6.4% higher than the control one.
3.5. Glulam beam with outer side of lowest lamina reinforcement (BLM05)
The third variation of reinforcement was placement the bamboo strips at outer depth side of
the lowest lamina as shown in Figure 8. The results of this variation (BLM05) indicated that it
was reached the maximum average load carrying capacity of 17.6 kN, at deflection of 19 mm.
Moreover, the average flexural strength can be obtained about 38.4 MPa. It represents the
weakest reinforced glulam beam in this study.
Figure 8 Glulam beam with outer depth side extreme bottom fiber reinforcement
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
0 5 10 15 20
Lo
ad
( N
)
Deflection (mm)
BLM01 BLM04
Experimental Investigation on Flexural Properties of Glulam Timber Beam Reinforced by Bamboo
Strips
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 75 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 9 Load against Deflection BLM05 compared with the control specimen
Figure 9 described that the relationship between load and deflection of glulam beam
BLM05 compared with the control specimen. The glulam beam which reinforced with outer
side of bottom fiber reinforcement produced lower stiffness compared with the unreinforced
beam. However, in term of failure load occurred at 17.6 kN for beam reinforced by bamboo
strips at outer side which is slightly higher the control one by 17.3 kN. In other words, this
type of reinforcement had no significant improvement compared with unreinforced beam.
Flexural destructive testing of glued laminated beam in the laboratory resulted in a
bending strength increase glulam beams reinforced with bamboo strips. Based on the data of
laminate beam test result of each test specimens BLM01, BLM02, BLM03, BLM04 and
BLM05 of the average strength bending respectively 37.8 MPa, 47.2 MPa, 39.4 MPa, 40.1
MPa and 38.45 MPa as described in Table 2.
Tabel 2 Average flexural strength of each glulam beam variaation
No. Specimen
code
Bending
strength (Mpa)
improvement
(% )
1 BLM01 37.73 0.00
2 BLM02 47.15 24.98
3 BLM03 39.36 4.32
4 BLM04 40.14 6.40
5 BLM05 38.45 1.93
Table 2 shows that the largest bending strength increased occurred in the combination of
laminated wood blocks BLM02 of 9.42 MPa with the ratio of bending strength of 24.98% and
the lowest in the combination of BLM05 laminated wood beam of 0.73 MPa with a ratio of
bending strength increase of 1.93% to the bending strength of specimen control BLM01.
4. CONCLUSION
The results showed that there was an increase in the strength of bending glulam timber beams
reinforced by bamboo strips compared to glulam timber beams without bamboo strips
reinforcement. The highest increase of bending strength in laboratory test occurred on BLM02
specimens of 9,42 MPa or 24,98%, then respectively BLM04 specimens were 2,41 MPa or
6,40%, BLM03 specimens were 1,63 MPa or 4,32 % and the lowest BLM05 specimens of
0.73 MPa or 1.93%.
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
0 5 10 15 20 25
Lo
ad
( N
)
DEflection(mm)
BLM01 BLM05
M. Khadafi, B. Anshari and J. Fajrin
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REFERENCES
[1] Moody, RC and Hernandez, Glued Laminated Timber; Engineered wood products-A
guide for specifiers, designers and users. Madison, WI: USDA Forest Service, Forest
Products Laboratory, 1997, pp. 5-6.
[2] Nikoloas, P. and Thanasis., FRP- Reinforced Wood as Structural Material, Journal of
Materials in Civil Engineering, 4(3), 1992, pp.300-317.
[3] Gentile, C.., Dagmar, S. and Sami, H. R. (2002). Timber Beams Strengthened with GFRP
Bars: Development and Applications. Journal of Composites for Construction, 6(1), 2002,
pp.11-20.
[4] Fiorelli, J. and Dias Antonio, A, Analysis of the strength and stiffness of timber beams
reinforced with carbon fiber and glass fiber. Materials Research, 6(2), 2003, pp.193-202.
[5] Issa, C.A. and Kmeid, Z., Advanced wood engineering: glulam beams, Construction and
Building Materials, 19(2), 2005, pp. 99-106.
[6] Anshari, B., Guan, Z., Komatsu, K., Kitamori, A. and Jung, K. (2010). Explore novel
ways to strengthen glulam beams by using compressed Japanese cedar. The 11th World
Conference on Timber Engineering, Italy, June 2010. Pp.558-565
[7] Anshari, B., Guan, Z. and Komatsu, K. (2010). Finite element modeling of the pre-camber
of glulam beams reinforced by compressed wood, the 11th World Conference on Timber
Engineering, Italy, June 2010, pp.1654-1659
[8] Anshari, B., Guan, Z. W., Kitamori, A., Jung, K. and Komatsu, K. (2012). Structural
behaviour of glued laminated timber beams pre-stressed by compressed wood.
Construction and Building Materials, 29(0), 2012, pp. 24-32.
[9] Anshari, B. and Guan, Z. Numerical Modelling of the Initial Stress and Upward
Deflection of Glulam Beams Pre-Stressed by Compressed Wood., Applied Mechanics and
Materials, 493, 2014, pp. 408-413
[10] Anshari, B., Analytical Approach to Predict Pre–Camber Deflection of the Pre-stressed
Glulam Beams, Civil Engineering Dimension, 17(1), 2015, pp. 44-49.
[11] Anshari, B., Guan, Z. W. and Wang, Q. Y. (2017). Modelling of Glulam beams pre-
stressed by compressed wood. Composite Structures 165: 160-170
[12] Anshari, B. and Guan, Z., FE Modelling of Optimization on Strengthening Glulam Timber
Beams by using Compressed Wood Blocks., Procedia Engineering, 171, 2017, pp. 857-
864.
[13] Shen Li. Y., H. Shen, W.Shan,T. Han., Flexural behavior of lightweight bamboo-steel
composite slabs. Thin-Walled Structures 53(0), 2012, pp. 83-90.
[14] Wei, Y., Ji, X., Duan, M. and Li, G. Flexural performance of bamboo scrimber beams
strengthened with fiber-reinforced polymer. Construction and Building Materials, 142,
2017,pp. 66-82.
[15] Zhong, Y., Wu, G., Ren, H. and Jiang, Z. (2017). Bending properties evaluation of newly
designed reinforced bamboo scrimber composite beams. Construction and Building
Materials 143: 61-70.
[16] Anshari,B., Sugiartha, W., Mahmud, F., Rofaida, A. and Pathurrahman, Experimental
study on the strength of double shear timber connection using bamboo dowel fastener,
AIP Conference Proceedings 1903, Palembang Indonesia, 020022, 2017.
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M. KHADAFI, B. ANSHARI and J. FAJRIN, 2018. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON FLEXURAL PROPERTIES GLULAM TIMBER BEAM REINFORCED BY BAMBOO STRIPS.International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technolo(IJCIET).Volume:9,Issue:5,Pages:69-76.
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CALL FOR PAPER JUNE - JUNE 2020 ISSUE
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJCIET)
ISSN Print: 0976 - 6308 ISSN Online: 0976 - 6316 Journal ID : 20311 Volumes 84 Issues 6250 Articlesavailable from 2010 to 2020.
Abstracting and indexing:Google ScholarJournal Impact Factor (JIF)CiteSeerxInfoBASE IndexMicrosoft Academic Search SystemAcademia.eduIndex CopernicusarXiv.orgciteulikeScholar SteerResearchGateMendeleyScribdJournalTOCsResearchBibAcademicKeys.comOpen Academic Journals IndexSocial Science Research Network (SSRN)The Electronic Journals LibraryDocSlideOALibSlideShareCitefactorORCID Research ID : 0000-0001-9500-6074Thomson Reuters ResearcherID : H-3771-2015The Directory of Research Journal IndexingChina National Knowledge Infrastructure and Genamics JournalSeekPublicationlist.orgDocstocComputer Science DirectoryJour InformaticsEBSCOEpernicusThe Internet ArchiveJ-GateGaleUniversal Impact Factor (UIF)Advanced Science IndexIndian Citation Index (ICI)National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR)Chemical Abstracts Service
6/27/2020 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology
https://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=21100785495&tip=sid&clean=0 1/19
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International Journal of Civil Engineeringand Technology
discontinued in Scopus as of 2019
Country India - SIR Ranking of India 22H Index
Subject Area and Category Computer ScienceComputer Networks and Communications
EngineeringBuilding and ConstructionCivil and Structural EngineeringControl and Systems Engineering
Materials ScienceCeramics and CompositesMetals and Alloys
Publisher IAEME Publication
Publication type Journals
ISSN 09766308, 09766316
Coverage 2016-2019
Scope Information not localized
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Quartiles
The set of journals have been ranked according to their SJR and divided into four equal groups, four quartiles. Q1 (green)comprises the quarter of the journals with the highest values, Q2 (yellow) the second highest values, Q3 (orange) the thirdhighest values and Q4 (red) the lowest values.
Category Year QuartileBuilding and Construction 2017 Q3Building and Construction 2018 Q3Building and Construction 2019 Q3Ceramics and Composites 2017 Q3
SJR
The SJR is a size-independent prestige indicator thatranks journals by their 'average prestige per article'. It isbased on the idea that 'all citations are not createdequal'. SJR is a measure of scienti�c in�uence ofjournals that accounts for both the number of citationsreceived by a journal and the importance or prestige ofthe journals where such citations come from Itmeasures the scienti�c in�uence of the average articlein a journal it expresses how central to the global
Citations per document
This indicator counts the number of citations received bydocuments from a journal and divides them by the totalnumber of documents published in that journal. Thechart shows the evolution of the average number oftimes documents published in a journal in the past two,three and four years have been cited in the current year.The two years line is equivalent to journal impact factor™ (Thomson Reuters) metric.
Cites per document Year ValueCites / Doc. (4 years) 2016 0.000Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2017 2.760Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2018 0.792Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2019 0.626Cites / Doc. (3 years) 2016 0.000Cites / Doc. (3 years) 2017 2.760Cites / Doc. (3 years) 2018 0.792Cites / Doc. (3 years) 2019 0.626Cites / Doc. (2 years) 2016 0.000Cites / Doc. (2 years) 2017 2.760
Total Cites Self-Cites
Evolution of the total number of citations and journal'sself-citations received by a journal's publisheddocuments during the three previous years.Journal Self-citation is de�ned as the number of citationfrom a journal citing article to articles published by thesame journal.
Cites Year ValueS lf Cit 2016 0
External Cites per Doc Cites per Doc
Evolution of the number of total citation per documentand external citation per document (i.e. journal self-citations removed) received by a journal's publisheddocuments during the three previous years. External
% International Collaboration
International Collaboration accounts for the articles thathave been produced by researchers from severalcountries. The chart shows the ratio of a journal's
2017 2018 2019
Building and Construction
Ceramics and Composites
Civil and Structural Engineering
Computer Networks and Communications
Control and Systems Engineering
Metals and Alloys
2017 2018 2019
0.24
0.26
0.28
0.3
Cites / Doc. (4 years)Cites / Doc. (3 years)Cites / Doc. (2 years)
2016 2017 2018 2019
0
0.6
1.2
1.8
2.4
3
2016 2017 2018 2019
0
2k
4k
6/27/2020 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology
https://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=21100785495&tip=sid&clean=0 3/19
Waspodo Tjipto 1 month ago
Dear Elena Corera
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), is IAEME Publisher.
International Association Engineering Management Education is incluod in LIST PREDATORY
PUBLISHER
of Jefrrey Bells.
citations are calculated by subtracting the number ofself-citations from the total number of citations receivedby the journal’s documents.
documents signed by researchers from more than onecountry; that is including more than one country address.
Year International Collaboration
Citable documents Non-citable documents
Not every article in a journal is considered primaryresearch and therefore "citable", this chart shows theratio of a journal's articles including substantial research(research articles, conference papers and reviews) inthree year windows vs. those documents other thanresearch articles, reviews and conference papers.
Documents Year ValueN it bl d t 2016 0
Cited documents Uncited documents
Ratio of a journal's items, grouped in three yearswindows, that have been cited at least once vs. thosenot cited during the following year.
Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2016 0Uncited documents 2017 45Uncited documents 2018 1146Uncited documents 2019 3008
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W
2
4
7.5
10
2016 2017 2018 2019
0
2.5k
5k
2016 2017 2018 2019
0
2.5k
5k
Author details
Fajrin, JauharAffiliation(s):
Mataram University, Mataram, Indonesia
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Subject area: Engineering Materials Science Chemistry Energy Business, Management and Accounting
Computer Science Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Environmental Science
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Documents by author
10Total citations
17 by 13 documents
h-index:
2❓
Document andcitation trends:
Years
Docum
ents C
itations
Documents
Citations
2011 20200
3
0
5
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JF10 Documents
Jauhar Fajrin ⬈
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Document title Authors Year Source
Characterisation of swellability andcompressive and impact strengthproperties of corn husk fibre composites
Sari, N.H.,Fajrin, J.,Suteja, Fudholi,A.
2020 Composites Communications
Shear properties evaluation of natural fibrereinforced epoxy composites using V-notchshear test Open Access
Fajrin, J.,Herlina Sari, N.
2018 MATEC Web of Conferences
10 Documents Cited by 13 documents 11 co-authors Topics
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Document title Authors Year Source
Experimental investigation on flexuralproperties of glulam timber beamreinforced by bamboo strips
Khadafi, M.,Anshari, B.,Fajrin, J.
2018 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology
Acoustic properties of sound absorber frommodified polyester with filler sodiumbicarbonate Open Access
Sari, N.H.,Fajrin, J.
2018 Oriental Journal of Chemistry
Effect of core and skin thicknesses ofbamboo sandwich composite on bendingstrength
Hartoni, H.,Fajrin, J.,Anshari, B.,Catur, A.D.
2017 International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology
The structural behavior of hybrid structuralinsulated panels under pure bending load Open Access
Fajrin, J.,Zhuge, Y.,Bullen, F.,Wang, H.
2017 International Journal of Technology
Flexural behaviour of hybrid sandwichpanel with natural fiber composites as theintermediate layer Open Access
Fajrin, J.,Zhuge, Y.,Bullen, F.,Wang, H.
2016 Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences
Flexural behaviour of a sustainable hybridcomposite panel using natural fibres
Fajrin, J.,Zhuge, Y.
2015 FRPRCS-12/APFIS-2015 - Joint Conference of the 12th International Symposium onFiber Reinforced Polymers for Reinforced Concrete Structures, FRPRCS 2015 and the5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Fiber Reinforced Polymers in Structures, APFIS 2015
Flexural strength of sandwich panel withlignocellulosic composites intermediatelayer-a statistic approach
Fajrin, J.,Zhuge, Y.,Bullen, F.,Wang, H.
2011 International Journal of Protective Structures
The implementation of statistical inferenceto study the bending strength ofsustainable hybrid sandwich panelcomposite
Fajrin, J., Yan,Z., Bullen, F.,Hao, W.
2011 Advanced Materials Research
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