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Experimental Facilities

John HillDirector, NSLS-II Experimental Facilities Division

NSLS-II User WorkshopJuly 17, 2007

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Novel features of DesignThe DBA-30 design has a number of novel features that offer a unique range of opportunities for our large, diverse community of users:

Low emittance Ultra-high flux and brightness soft x-ray and High current, hard x-ray undulator sourceslong straights

Damping wigglers Very intense broad band sources of hard x-rays

Soft Bends Bright sources of soft x-rays Large gaps to provide excellent far-IR source.

3 Pole Wigglers High-flux, bright sources of hard x-rays

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Radiation Sources: Brightness

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Radiation Sources: Flux

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Three-pole WigglersAdded to provide hard x-ray dipoles without big impact

on the emittance.

Each BM port can either be a soft bend or a 3PW source~15 3PWs would increase the emittance ~ 10%

2 mrad source

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Radiation Sources: Infra-Red

Standard gap BMs provide excellent mid and near IR sources Large gap (90 mm) BMs provide excellent far-IR sources

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Electron Beam Size

Type of source Low- straight section (6.6m)

Hi- straight section (8.6m)

0.4T Bend magnet 1T three-pole wiggler

σx [μm] 28 99. 44.2 (35.4 - 122) 136

σx' [μrad] 19 5.5 63.1 (28.9-101) 14.0

σy [μm] 2.6 5.5 15.7 15.7

σy' [μrad] 3.2 1.8 0.63 0.62

Truly tiny electron beams…

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Source Size vs. Photon Energy

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Source Divergence vs. Photon Energy

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Heat Load Calculations

Maximum thermal slope error in beam footprint = ±4 µrad

(cf Darwin width of 31 rad)

-8-6-4-202468

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20

Crystal surface dimension in y-direction (mm)

Slop

e er

ror (

mic

ro ra

dian

s)

Undulator

Calculations for worst case U14 superconducting undulator: 2σ beam, Total power = 92 W (filtered)

Wiggler

-25-20-15-10

-505

10152025

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20

Crystal surface dimension in y-direction (mm)

Slop

e er

ror (

mic

ro ra

dian

s)

Maximum thermal slope error in beam footprint = ± 23 µrad

Calculations for L=7m damping wiggler: 0.25 mrad, Total power = 1.8 kW (unfiltered)

Power from the insertion devices is large, but it can be handled

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Experimental Floor• 1 pentant (= 6 sectors) served by 1 LOB:

72 offices6 labs (480 sf)

• Vibration studies (FEA) carried out to minimize sources and propagation of vibrations from ground up.• Long beamlines would have hutches outside the experimental hall.

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Vibration Suppression at NSLS-II

Extensive FEA modeling of vibrations in facility underway (N. Simos)Goal is to:

• Understand site• Mitigate external and internal sources• Isolate sensitive beamlines

Possible solutions: slab thickening, isolation joints, trenches…

Studies indicate that cultural noise will be trapped by the floor

Service Bldg

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NSLS-II Beamlines• 15 low- straights for user undulators

• Could potentially drive up to 30 beamlines by canting two undulators

• 4 high- straights for user undulators• Could potentially drive up to 8 beamlines by canting two undulators

• 8 high- straights for user damping wigglers• Could potentially drive up to 16 beamlines by canting two DWs

• 27 BM ports for UV and soft X-rays• Up to 15 of these can have 3-pole wigglers to provide hard x-rays.

• 4 large gap BM ports for far-IRAt least 58 beamlines

More w/ multiple IDs per straightMultiple hutches per beamline are also possible

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Project BeamlinesProject goal: To provide a minimum suite of insertion device

beamlines to meet physical science needs that both exploit the unique capabilities of the NSLS-II source and provide work horse instruments for large user capacity.

• The beamlines are:• Inelastic x-ray scattering (0.1 meV)• Nanoprobe (1 nm)• Soft x-ray coherent scattering and imaging• Hard x-ray coherent scattering and SAXS• Powder diffraction (damping wiggler source)• EXAFS (damping wiggler source)

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Nanoprobe

10 nm

1 nm

Mission• Nanoscience: hard-matter • Imaging, diffraction

Capabilities1nm, short working distance10nm, larger working distancePossible remote hutch

SourceU19 in lo- straight*

*A candidate for extended straight.

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Inelastic X-ray Scattering

Mission•Low energy modes in soft matter•Phonons in small samples (Hi-P, single crystal..)

Capabilities0.1 meV, fixed energy1.0 meV, fixed energy

SourceU19 in lo- straight*

*A candidate for extended straight.

0.1 meV

1.0 meV

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Hard X-ray Coherent Scattering

Mission• Slow dynamics in soft matter• Nanoscale imaging of hard matter• time-resolved SAXS (biological processes)

CapabilitiesXPCS/SAXSCoherent Diffraction

SourceU19 in hi- straight*

*gap > 7mm

Secondary optics

Coherent Diffraction/SAXS

XPCS

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Soft X-ray Coherent ScatteringMission• Imaging of bio samples• Hard matter, magnetic systems

CapabilitiesCoherent imaging + microspectroscopyCoherent scatteringFast switching of polarization

Source2 x EPU 45 in lo- straight (canted at 0.25 mrad)

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Powder DiffractionMission• Materials Science• time-resolved catalysis

Capabilities5-50 keVAnalyser-mode and strip-detector modeSample environments (high-P, low-T, high-T..)

Source3m damping wiggler in hi- straight

BM hutch

Powder-I

Powder-II

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XAFS

MissionEnvironmental science, catalysisMaterials science

CapabilitiesMicroprobeIn-situ catalysis, controlled atmosphere

Source3m damping wiggler in hi- straight

BM hutch

EXAFS-I

EXAFS-II

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Path Towards 1 nmKinoforms

=82 nm

Refractive optic with minimal absorptionE-beam at Lucent

Etching at BNL (CFN)

• Achieved 82 nm

• Theoretical calculations show 1nm is possible

• Technical challenge in fabricating multiple lenses with sufficiently smooth walls.

Multi-layer Laue Lenses

-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Sample A Sample B Sample C Gaussian fit

Inte

nsity

(nor

mal

ized

)

X (nm)

=19 nm

Thin film multilayers, sectioned for use as ZPs

• Pioneered at ANL

• Achieved 19 nm

• Theoretical calculations show that 1nm is possible.

• Technical challenge in fabricating thick MLs with atomically smooth layers.

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Path Towards 0.1 meVAsymmetric Optics acting as Dispersive Elements

Y. Shvyd’ko et al PRL (2006)

• Energy resolution controlled with asymmetry parameter• Achieve high energy resolutions at moderate photon

energies (9 keV)

Technical Challenges:•Fabrication and mounting of large Si crystals•Temperature stability

E=9.1 keV

E=2 meV

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Summary

• Conceptual design of accelerator has matured into an exciting design, promising superlative experimental capabilities.

• World-leading performance extends from the far-IR to the very hard x-ray. A range of sources will be available to match the various scientific needs.

• These include unprecedented energy and spatial resolution for hard x-ray beamlines and world-leading resolution and flux for soft x-ray beamlines.

• Project insertion device beamlines have been identified. User community to define the scientific mission of these beamlines.

• Looking forward to your input and feedback during the workshop.