Post on 26-Aug-2021
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Exam Prep?
Infectious Diseases
A Balancing Act
Ehrlichia
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SARS SARS Infiltrate
Bioterrorism Category ACategory A
Cholera Cot Hantavirus
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Viral Diseases
By far the most common
Direct killing Autoimmune Tumor transformation
Chlamydia
Intracellular Almost bacteria Common Many forms of disease Direct cell death Autoimmune
Bacterial
Aerobic & anaerobic Gram +/- Direct killing Toxins Autoimmune Altered body
substances
Fungi
Some are biphasic Yeast or hyphal
Challenge to immune system
Systemic vs. Cutaneous infections
Direct killing Autoimmune
(cell mediated)
Protoza
Numerous One of the most
common causes of death world-wide.
Habitat modification Complex life cycle
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Helminthes
Complex life cycle Intestinal Tissue Seizures in Mexico
A Balancing Act Host Factors
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Tears
Immune System
Charles Lutwidge Dodgson
Lewis Carroll January 27 1832 January 14 1898
Mathematician Alice Liddell Alice's Adventures in
Wonderland, 1865 Through the Looking-Glass and
what Alice found there, 1872 The Hunting of the Snark, 1876
Human Microbe, Co-Evolution
Coevolution also means coextinction.
Differences in replication rate.
Keep ‘evolving’ just to stay in the game. Red Queen hypothesis Red Queen dynamics Through the Looking Glass
Population specific Human Bug
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A Balancing Act
No spitting in the street.
Actually fined in most towns.
Organisms resistant to drying
M. tuberculosis Vectors
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Essay Scenario
Cytopathic Effect
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Rhinovirus
Influenza A Bacterial Pneumonia H1N1
Pandemic of 1918
Spanish flu of 1918 World-wide pandemic At least 26 million died
One Twin-Towers Every day For 24 continuous years US deaths 700,000
US Population 1918
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US Population 1918
Measles (rubeola) Measles Giant Cells
Mumps Polio
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Polio Rotovirus
Hemorrhagic Fevers
Herpes
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CMV Varicella-Zoster
Varicella-Zoster Varicella-Zoster
Varicella-Zoster
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Hepatitis B Chronic Hepatitis B
EBV HPV Cervical and vulvar
cancers Very disturbed epi
maturation
Staphylococcal Infections
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Pneumonia with abscess
Streptococcal erysipelas
Pneumonia Rheumatic Fever
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Acute Glomerulonephritis C. diphtheriae
C. diphtheriae Diphtheria
GC
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Neisseria meningtidis Haemophilus Influenza
B. pertussis
Listen to the cough.
Hurricane Isabel Approaches a Tanker
SalmonellaShigella
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Cholera
Helicobacter
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Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (most cases) Type IV hypersensitivity Granuloma
Primary infection Pulmonary Perhaps goes lymphatics Hopefully it stops here.
Secondary TB Internal reactivation Perhaps years later Not all patients
Tuberculosis Tuberculosis
Ghon Lesion Ghon Complex
Tuberculosis
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Skin Test
PPD Injected intradermally Read in 2 days Measure swelling
Not redness
Positivity maybe life long
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Miliary Spread of TB Leprosy
Disease in History
“If your hand causes you to stumble, cut it off. It is better for you to enter life maimed than to have two hands and go to Gehenna to the unquenchable fire.
And if your foot causes you to stumble, cut it off; for it is better for you to enter life lame than to have two feet and be thrown into Gehenna.
And if your eye causes you to stumble, tear it out; for it is better for you to come into the Reign of God with one eye than to have two eyes and be thrown into Gehenna – where their worm never dies, and the fire is never quenched.”
Mark 9
Syphilis
Syphilis
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Lyme Disease
Lyme Disease
Clostridial infections
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Gas Gangrene
Chlamydia Reiter Syndrome
Arthritis Non-GC urethritis or
cervicitis Chlamydia Shigella, Salmonella…
Conjunctivitis Men in their 20’s HLA-B27 (80% +) Autoimmune with infectious
trigger Low back stiffness and pain.
Reiter Syndrome
HLA B27 Yong men Chlamydia Symptoms may
regress, but 50% have recurring
problems
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Rickettsial DiseaseMore Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Typhus
Allergic reactions to fungi Histoplasmosis
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Pseudomonas
Candidiasis Candida Esophagitis
Cryptococcosis Aspergillus
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Mucomyocsis Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP)
Malaria
Malaria Malaria
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Cerebral Malaria Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis Giardia
AmebiasisAlpha Hall
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Trichinella Worms
T. solium T. solium
Cysticercosis
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Schistosomiasis
Onchocercerciasis
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“Cavitary”, Be careful What You Say
TB Pericarditis Slide 78
Reading the PPD
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Miliary Spread of TB
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Opisthotonus
Strabismus CSF Analysis Always look for papilledema
first! CSF pressure Color and clarity Sp. Gravity Protein Glucose (2/3 of blood) Cells
PMNs Lymphs Others
Gram stain Culture
Lymphangitis
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Strep
Tissue planes Lymphangitis Rapid spread Aggressive types