Evolution and Classification Study Guide

• Explain homologous structure.– A structure that may have a different function, but very

similar in structure. (bat wing, dolphin flipper)• Explain vestigial structure.– A structure the organism has but does not need or use,

which shows ancestors needed it.• What type of evolution happens when two species

evolve from one species that are separated by a physical boundary?– Divergent evolution

• Darwin stated evolution happens through what process? – Natural selection

• What is an adaptation?– A trait that helps and organism survive in its

environment• Explain survival of the fittest.– Those who are best fitted for the environment will

survive• Explain natural selection.– Those who are best fitted for the environment will

survive, reproduce, pass on their “good” traits• How did Lamarck think organisms acquired their

traits?– Through the use or disuse of the structure. (Giraffes

stretched until they had a long neck.

• Explain adaptive radiation.– A single species evolved into several different species

(such as finches)• Explain Gene pool.– All genetic information for the whole population

• What do you call a change in DNA?– mutation

• Explain geographic isolation.– Separation by barriers (water, moutains)

• Explain convergent evolution and give an example.– A types of evolution where different types of organism

develop the same types of characteristics (dolphin and fish, fins)

• What is a species?– A group of organisms that can reproduce and have fertile

offspring• Explain structural adaptation and give 2 examples. – Change in the body (camo, mimicry, claws)

• Explain behavioral adaptation and give 2 examples. – A response to the environment (action)- hibernation,

migration • Explain physiological adaptation and give 2 examples.– Chemical change (venom, ink, bioluminescence)

• If you are looking at layers of fossils, which layer would be oldest? – Bottom layer is oldest

• Explain Binomial Nomenclature.– Two part, Latin naming system (genus, species)

• A mountain lion’s scientific name is FELIS CONCOLOR. Write it the correct way. Where did felis come from? Where did concolor come from?– Felis concolor Felis- genus, concolor- species

• If two organisms have common or close classification (K,P,C,O,F,G), they have a close _________________ history.– Evolutionary

• Which taxon (classification level) is most inclusive? – Kingdom

• Which taxon (classification level) is most specific?– Species

• Explain directional selection and draw the graph.– Move from one trait to another

• Explain disruptive selection and draw the graph.– Both extremes are favored

• Explain stabilizing selection and draw the graph.– Middle trait stays in favor

Directional Stabilizing Disruptive

• List the levels of classification in order from broadest to most specific.– Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

• Explain taxonomy. – The study of organizing organisms.

• What is classification?– Grouping items based on similarities

• The more taxa organisms have in common the more ____________________ related they are. – closely

• Which kingdoms are prokaryotic?– Archaebacteria and eubacteria

• Which kingdoms are eukaryotic?– Protista, fungi, Plantae, Animalia

• Which kingdoms are autotrophs and heterotrophs?– Archaebacteria and Eubacteria, Protista

• Which kingdoms are only autotrophs?– Plantae

• Which kingdoms are heterotrophs?– Fungi, Animalia

• Which kingdoms are only unicellular?– Archaebacteria and eubacteria

• Which kingdoms are only multicellular?– Plantae and Animalia

• Which kingdoms are unicellular and multicellular?– Protist and fungi

• Which kingdom lives in MOST environments?– Eubacteria

• Which ORGANISMS was most likely the first organism on Earth?– bacteria

•What classification groups do all organisms in the table have in common, except corn?

•Kingdom and Phylum•Which of the organisms in the table is least similar to the others? Explain.

•Corn, it’s in a different kingdom•Which of the organisms in the table is (are) most similar to a black panther (Panthera onca)? Explain.

•Lion, share genus•Based on the information in the table, which two organisms would you say have the most similar evolutionary history? Explain.

•Humpback whale and lion, share the most taxons

Classification of Four Organisms Corn Whale Shark Humpback Whale LionKingdom Plantae Animalia Animalia AnimaliaPhylum Anthophyta Chordata Chordata ChordataClass Monocotyledones Chondrichthyes Mammalia MammaliaOrder Commelinales Squaliformes Cetacea CarnivoraFamily Poaceae Rhincodontidae Balaenopteridae FelidaeGenus Zea Rhincodon Megaptera PantheraSpecies Zea mays Rhinacodon typus Megaptera novaeangilae Panther leo

45. Sir gummer46. Sir baldie

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