Post on 19-May-2015
description
ResearchEthnic Minorities in Media
Workplace
1 Research Sources and Assumptions
1.1 Source The data used in this factsheet is from the Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA)
student record database. The data covers the academic year of 2007 – 2008. Definitions of the various subject areas used in this factsheet can be found at:
http://www.hesa.ac.uk/index.php/content/view/102/136/1/4
1.2 Assumptions The data used refers to UK domiciled students only; it does not include overseas students
who are studying in the UK.
Students falling under the ‘Unknown’ category have not been added to the White group or any of the ethnic minority groups. Instead, these have either been disregarded or represented as ‘Unknown’ in the analysis.
Media related subjects include the following subjects:
o Mass communications and documentation o Languages o Creative arts and design
1.3 Definitions The ethnic minority category groupings are based on Census 2001 categories. Please note in particular that:
White includes:
White
Irish Traveller
Mixed includes:
Mixed – White and Black Caribbean
Mixed – White and Black African
Mixed – White and Asian
Mixed – other
Other includes:
Other ethnic background
Not Known includes:
Not Known
Information refused
Ethnic Minorities in Media
02 I Race for Opportunity (RfO) | Ethnic Minorities in Media
03 I Race for Opportunity (RfO) | Ethnic Minorities in Media
2 Ethnic Minorities in Media
2.1 Representation of Ethnic Minority Students in Media related subjects
Our research shows that amongst the various ethnic minority groups studying media related subjects at UK universities during 2007–08, students of mixed ethnicity had by far the highest representation (3.0 percent), followed by Indian students (1.7 percent), Black African students (1.4 percent) and Black Caribbean students (1.3 percent). On the other hand, students from ‘Black Other’ backgrounds and students of Bangladeshi origins had the least representation among ethnic minority groups – (see figure 1).
Figure 1: Representation of Ethnic Minority Students Studying Media Related Subjects (2007-08)
Source: HESA Student Record (2007-08)
The total ethnic minority representation of students studying media related
subjects in 2007-08 was 11.0% compared to 84.7% of the White
student population studying media related subjects during 2007-08.
Ethnic Minorities in Media
Black Caribbean
Black African
Black Other
Indian
Pakistani
Bangladeshi
Chinese
Other Asian
Mixed
Other
1.3%
0.3%
1.4%
1.7%
0.7%
0.4%
0.7%
0.7%
0.9%
3%
04 I Race for Opportunity (RfO) | Ethnic Minorities in Media
FAST FACTSBlack and minority ethnic (BAME) workers are under-represented in London’s audio visual (AV) industries. Ten per cent of the AV workforce in London is from a black or minority ethnic group, even though a quarter of London’s workforce is made up of BAME workers.
The figures are even lower in some parts of the industry e.g. in film production, the black and minority ethnic figure is only six per cent.Source: Working Lives Research Institute, London Metropolitan University ‘Institutional barriers to recruitment and employment in the audio visuals industries’ January 2007
Ethnic Minorities in Media
We found that all ethnic minority groups, except the mixed ethnicity group, had a lower
representation among students studying media related subjects, than among students studying all subjects.
Figure 2: Representation of Ethnic Minority Groups among Students Studying Media Related subjects vis-à-vis All subjects (2007-08)
Source: HESA Student Record (2007-08)
Ethnic Minorities in Media
Other
Mixed Ethnicity
Other Asian Background
Chinese
Asian or Asian British - Bangladeshi
Asian or Asian British - Pakistani
Asian or Asian British - Indian
Other Black Background
Black or Black British - African
Black or Black British - Caribbean
Media
All Subjects1.3%
1.4%
1.4%3.2%
0.3%0.3%
1.7%3.3%
0.7%1.9%
0.4%0.6%
0.7%0.9%
0.7%1.2%
3.0%2.1%
0.9%0.9%
68.6% 79.0%
27.4% 16.0%
Other
Mixed Ethnicity
Other Asian Background
Chinese
Asian or Asian British - Bangladeshi
Asian or Asian British - Pakistani
Asian or Asian British - Indian
Other Black Background
Black or Black British - African
Black or Black British - Caribbean
Media
All Subjects1.3%
1.4%
1.4%3.2%
0.3%0.3%
1.7%3.3%
0.7%1.9%
0.4%0.6%
0.7%0.9%
0.7%1.2%
3.0%2.1%
0.9%0.9%
68.6% 79.0%
27.4% 16.0%
White Representation:Media – 84.7%All Subjects – 79.0%
Total Ethnic MinorityRepresentation:Media – 11.0%All Subjects – 16.0%
Sou
rce: HESA
Student Record
1 The most popular areas of study for this cohort w
ere ‘subjects allied to medicine’ (14
%) follow
ed by Business &
Adm
inistrative Studies (11%) and Education (10
%). The least popular subject w
as Veterinary Science (0
.2%).
Ethnic Minorities in M
edia
2.2 UK Universities w
ith the Highest Proportion of Ethnic Minority Students studying M
edia related subjects
In 20
07/20
08
there were 1.9
million U
K dom
iciled students at UK
universities of which 15
per cent (290
,912.30
) were studying m
edia related subjects1.
Table 1 show
s the top 25 universities ranked by the proportion of students from
ethnic minority groups studying m
edia related subjects (200
7-08
). University
College B
irmingham
had the highest proportion (50
.9 percent) of ethnic m
inority students among students studying m
edia related subjects, followed
by University of East London (4
5.8 percent) and B
runel University (4
4.3 percent). These 25
universities constituted 43.3 percent of the total population
of ethnic minority students studying m
edia related subjects at UK
universities.
Table 1: U
niversities Ranked by P
roportion of Ethnic M
inority Students studying M
edia related subjects (20
07–0
8)
All Ethnic Minorities
BlackCaribbean
BlackAfrican
Black Other
Indian
Pakistani
Bangladeshi
Chinese
Asian Other
Mixed
Other
% of total BAME Media Students
Whites
Top 25 Universities
Sou
rce: HESA
Student Record
2.3 Russell Group Universities w
ith the Highest Proportion of Ethnic Minority Students studying M
edia
Table 2 show
s the percentage of students studying media related subjects from
each ethnic minority group at R
ussell Group universities. London School of
Economics and P
olitical Science (LSE
) had the highest proportion (26.9
percent) of ethnic minority students, follow
ed by King’s C
ollege London (19.8 percent)
and University C
ollege London (15.6 percent). R
ussell Group universities constitute 11.9
percent of the total ethnic minority students studying m
edia related subjects at U
K universities.
Table 2: R
ussell Group U
niversities Ranked by P
roportion of Students from
Ethnic M
inorities studying Media R
elated Subjects (2
00
7–08
)
All Ethnic Minorities
BlackCaribbean
BlackAfrican
Black Other
Indian
Pakistani
Bangladeshi
Chinese
Asian Other
Mixed
Other
% of total BAME Media Students
Whites
Russell Universities
Ethnic Minorities in M
edia
07 I Race for Opportunity (RfO) | Ethnic Minorities in Media
What’s class got to do with it?
Ethnic Minorities in Media
Of the top 100 journalists in 2006, 54% were independently educated an increase from 49% in 1986. Source: The Sutton Trust -The Educational Backgrounds of Leading Journalists, June 2006
A separate survey of leading journalists and editors suggests that the latest new recruits to the national news media are even more likely to come from privileged backgrounds than those from previous generations. Reasons for this range from: low pay and insecurity at junior levels; the high costs of living in London; the increasing costs of postgraduate courses; a bias towards those with family or personal connections within the industry amid a largely informal but highly competitive recruitment process; and finally, the stronger skills and attributes exhibited at an earlier age by those from private schools. Source: The Sutton Trust -The Educational Backgrounds of Leading Journalists, June 2006
Some Household Names and their Educational Background News Presenters/Correspondents:
Name Organisation School School Type University Jeremy Paxman BBC Newsnight Malvern College IND Cambridge John Simpson BBC St. Pauls IND Cambridge Jon Snow Channel 4 News St Edwards Chichester High for Boys IND Liverpool David Dimbleby BBC Question Time Glengorse, Battle; Charterhouse IND Oxford Fiona Bruce BBC Hatcham Girls, New Cross SEL Oxford Newspaper Editors:
Ian Hislop Private Eye Ardingly College IND Oxford Matthew d’Ancona Spectator St. Dunstan’s College IND Oxford Lionel Barber Financial Times Dulwich College IND Oxford Roger Alton Observer Clifton College IND Oxford Alan Rusbridger Guardian Cranleigh IND Cambridge Source: The Sutton Trust -The Educational Backgrounds of Leading Journalists, June 2006
Private schools make up only 7 per cent of the country’s secondary school population. Yet they produce well over half of the country’s top news journalists. Source: The SuttonTrust -The Educational Backgrounds of Leading Journalists, June 2006
08 I Race for Opportunity (RfO) | Ethnic Minorities in Media
Key Media Facts
Ethnic Minorities in Media
Ethnic minority participation
How good are the TV companies at Diversity?A survey2 carried out in 2004 found that:
ITV 7% across ITV as a whole and 14% of staff in London were from ethnic minority groups.
Channel 4 11.4% of all staff and 6% of senior staff were from ethnic minority backgrounds.
Five News 10% of staff on Five News were from ethnic minority backgrounds.
Sky 8.2% of Sky’s workforce was from an ethnic minority background and 9% of Sky’s management team were from ethnic minority backgrounds. In addition, 13% of Sky’s programming team were from an ethnic minority background.
ITN Two members of the senior management team were from an ethnic minority background.
BBC 13% of new recruits were from an ethnic minority background.
Source: http://www.asiansinmedia.org/news/article.php/television/740
TV Milestones
1975, Empire Road became the first black soap programme
1978, LWT set up the London Minorities Unit
1982, Channel 4 launched with minority brief Source: http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/uk/2002/race/how_entertainment_changed.stm
According to a Weber Shandwick study, 77% of Asians, 78% of black people and 51% of Chinese people in the UK say marketing by mainstream brands has little or no relevance to them.
2 The figures and information below were provided by the broadcasters themselves.
09 I Race for Opportunity (RfO) | Ethnic Minorities in Media
FAST FACTSRepresentation also varies between occupational groups. Processing laboratory staff have the highest representation of ethnic minorities (19.0%), with cinema cleaners (17.4%) and other roles within cinema exhibition also high. Studio operations (16.4%) and transmission (12.5%) have also both seen a positive increase since 2004. Source: Skillset - The Sector Skills Council for the Audio Visual Industries – Employment Census 2006
Ethnic Minorities in Media
Figure 3: Representation of Ethnic Minorities in the Industry in each occupational group
Source: Skillset - The Sector Skills Council for the Audio Visual Industries – Employment Census 2006
Ethnic Minorities in Media
ProducingProduction
Journalism & SportRadio Broadcasting
Television BroadcastingProgramme Distribution
TransmissionBroadcast Engineering
Studio OperationsInteractive or Games ProductionInteractive or Games Operations
Interactive or Games BusinessDraw/Stop Frame Animation
2D/3D Computer Generated AnimationArt & Design
CameraCostume/Wardrobe
Library/ArchivesLighting
Make Up& HairdressingPost Production
SoundSpecial Physical Effects
RunnerCinema Projectionists
Cinema Box Office/Kiosk/AttendantsCinema Cleaners
Cinema Management/Head Office/Team LeadersFilm Distribution
Procesing LaboratoriesAll Other Occupational Groups
TOTAL
Media
All Subjects
4.9%3.0%
3.7%2.3%
9.0%3.9%
4.1%12.3%
0.0%7.0%
3.1%
10.0%19.0%
7.4%
17.4%11.6%
4.7%8.2%
0.3%5.3%
8.9%5.1%
16.4%6.0%
12.5%3.2%
9.5%9.2%
11.1%2.2%
6.4%5.4%
68.6% 79.0%
27.4% 16.0%
10 I Race for Opportunity (RfO) | Ethnic Minorities in Media
FAST FACTSOn the positive side, levels of employment of ethnic minorities are above average in cable & satellite, processing laboratories and cinema exhibition. However, at the other end of the scale, ethnic minorities make up 5% or less of the workforce in animation, computer games, offline multimedia, studio & equipment hire special physical effects and film distribution. Source: Skillset - The Sector Skills Council for the Audio Visual Industries – Employment Census 2006
Ethnic Minorities in Media
Figure 4: Representation of Ethnic Minorities in the Industry in each sector
Source: Skillset - The Sector Skills Council for the Audio Visual Industries – Employment Census 2006
Ethnic Minorities in Media
Terrestrial TV
Cable & Satellite Television
Independent Production (Television)
Broadcast Radio
Animation
Post Production
Special Physical Effects
Studio & Equipment Hire
Other Services for Film & TV
Web & Internet
Computer Games
Offline Multimedia
Commercials Production
Corporate Production
Cinema Exhibition
Film Distribution
Processing Laboratories
TOTAL
Employees
Freelancers
All
7.4%7.3%7.4%
18.7%33.4%
20.4%5.1%
6.4%5.8%
7.3%5.6%
6.9%2.1%
3.4%2.6%
7.6%6.8%
7.3%0.7%
2.9%1.6%
0.8%4.2%
1.8%5.1%
6.5%5.6%6.7%7.1%6.8%
4.3%0.0%
3.9%5.5%
2.7%4.9%
9.7%6.0%
7.2%3.4%
9.0%5.9%
11.6%0.0%
11.6%2.9%
9.3%3.8%
19.0%0.0%
19.0%7.6%
7.0%7.4%
Other
Mixed
Other Asian
Chinese
Bangladeshi
Pakistani
Indian
Black Other
Black African
Black Caribbean
Focus on Creative and Cultural Skills
11 I Race for Opportunity (RfO) | Ethnic Minorities in Media
Ethnic Minorities in Media
In the UK advertising employs around 26,500 people and contributes £1.4 billion to the UK economy each year.
About 70% of the industry’s workforce are based in London 94% of the advertising workforce is white
Design contributes £6.3 billion to the UK economy and 180,000 people currently work in the design industry.
33% are self employed and 20% are freelancers 95% of the design workforce is white
Music contributes £6 billion of GVA to the UK economy and UK artists account for more than half of all albums sold in the UK, and one in 12 albums sold in the US.
96% of the music workforce is white Literature contributes £2.3 billion to the UK economy and 68,900 people currently work in the literature industry.
32% of the workforce is freelance, and 62% self-employed 94% of the workforce is white
Source: Creative & Cultural Skills www..ccskills.org.uk
00 I Race for Opportunity (RfO) | Race to the top
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