Environmental management and land Environmental management and land use conflicts in wetlands systems use conflicts in wetlands systems –– a case study at Shengjin Lakea case study at Shengjin Lake–– a case study at Shengjin Lake a case study at Shengjin Lake

Lei Cao Mark Barter and Tony FoxLei Cao Mark Barter and Tony FoxLei Cao, Mark Barter and Tony FoxLei Cao, Mark Barter and Tony Fox

U i it f S i d T h l f ChiU i it f S i d T h l f ChiUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaUniversity of Science and Technology of China

National Environmental Research Institute University of Aarhus

YANGTZE FLOODPLAINYANGTZE FLOODPLAIN

H f iHefeiThree Gorges Dam

Shengjin Lake

Summer floodingSummer floodinggg

Hi h t 12 16High water = 12 -16 mLow water = 8 – 9 m

Winter droughtWinter droughtgg

GrazersGrazers GrubbersGrubbers

Shengjin Lake NNR Shengjin Lake NNR established to protect established to protect

wetlands and waterbirdswetlands and waterbirdswetlands and waterbirdswetlands and waterbirds

NATIONAL NATURE RESERVE NATIONAL NATURE RESERVE LEGISLATIONLEGISLATIONLEGISLATIONLEGISLATION

Experimental ZoneExperimental ZoneCore AreaCore AreaIntact, natural ecosystemIntact, natural ecosystemKey area for animals & plantsKey area for animals & plants

Buffer ZoneBuffer Zone

Key area for animals & plantsKey area for animals & plantsNobody can enterNobody can enter

ffffCore Core AreaArea

Buffer ZoneBuffer ZoneOnly scientific and Only scientific and research activities allowedresearch activities allowed

Experimental ZoneExperimental ZoneScientific educational andScientific educational andScientific, educational and Scientific, educational and tourist activities allowedtourist activities allowed

NN SluiceSluice

5 km5 km

SHENGJIN SHENGJIN Experimental Experimental ZoneZone

LAKELAKECore AreaCore Area

Buffer ZoneBuffer Zone

SHENGJIN LAKE’S BIRDSSHENGJIN LAKE’S BIRDSMaximum count of ≈ 71,000

62 species

SPECIES GROUPS %Swans, geese and ducks 86.0Shorebirds 6.1G ll /T 2 7Gulls/Terns 2.7Herons/Egrets 2.0Cranes storks etc 3 2Cranes, storks, etc 3.2

40,000 people live within 40,000 people live within , p p, p pthe reserve’s boundariesthe reserve’s boundaries

THREE GORGES DAMTHREE GORGES DAM18

20

ou (m

)1978-2002

Three Gorges Dam

14

16er

leve

l at H

uk1978-20022004-2007

8

10

12

gtze

Riv

er w

at

6

8

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Yan

18

20

els

(m)

SJH 1998-2002

SJH 2004 2008

12

14

16

ke w

ater

leve SJH 2004-2008

8

10

12

Shen

gjin

Lak

6

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

S

HUANGPEN SLUICEHUANGPEN SLUICE

14

16

14

15

ghts

(m)

SLUICE CONTROLhalf-open closed open closed

10

1212

13

e R

iver

hei

g SLUICE CONTROL

Yangtze River

6

8

10

9

10

11

fall

(mm

)

and

Yang

tze

Shengjin Lake

4

6

7

8

9

rain

f

ngjin

Lak

e a

0

2

5

6

08 08 08 08 08 08 08 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09

Shen

01-O

ct-0

15-O

ct-0

29-O

ct-0

12-N

ov-0

26-N

ov-0

10-D

ec-0

24-D

ec-0

07-J

an-0

21-J

an-0

04-F

eb-0

18-F

eb-0

04-M

ar-0

18-M

ar-0

01-A

pr-0

15-A

pr-0

AQUACULTUREAQUACULTURE

16

18(m

)

40,000

45,000Grazing geese

10

12

14

wat

er le

vels

30,000

35,000

al c

ount Bean geese

Tuber feeders

4

6

8

engj

in L

ake

w

2001-20022004-200820 000

25,000

30,000

ry a

nnua

0

2

Jan

Jan

Feb

Mar

Mar

Apr

Apr

May un un Ju

l

Aug

Aug Se

p

Oct

Oct

Nov Dec

Dec

She 2004 2008

10 000

15,000

20,000

Febr

uar

01-J

21-J

10-F

01-M

21-M

10-A

30-A

20-M

09-J

29-J

19-J

08-A

28-A

17-S

07-O

27-O

16-N

06-D

26-D

5,000

10,000

02004 2005 2008 2009 2010

HYPOTHESIS HYPOTHESIS -- POLLUTION?POLLUTION?

POLLUTIONPOLLUTIONTrapa is spreading rapidly in Shengjin Hu. None was present in 2000; but cover has increased from 4 2present in 2000; but cover has increased from 4.2 (2002) to 9.1 km2 (2007) .

BUFFALOESBUFFALOES

Senescent Carex New growth Carex

DOMESTIC GEESEDOMESTIC GEESE

LAND CLAIMLAND CLAIM

AGRICULTUREAGRICULTURE

MAJOR MANAGEMENTMAJOR MANAGEMENTMAJOR MANAGEMENT MAJOR MANAGEMENT CHALLENGECHALLENGE

Ensure sustainable use of wetland resourcesEnsure sustainable use of wetland resources

• wetlands continue to support large pp gnumbers of people

• whilst still maintaining the rich and unique biodiversitybiodiversity

A BIG CHALLENGE!A BIG CHALLENGE!A BIG CHALLENGE!A BIG CHALLENGE!

THE FUTURE ?THE FUTURE ?

-- OR JUST A MEMORY OR JUST A MEMORY FROM THE PAST!FROM THE PAST!

Thank youThank youyy谢谢谢谢谢谢谢谢