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Enterprise IT Architectures
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2008
Enterprise IT ArchitecturesSOA Part 2
Hans-Peter Hoidnhans-peter.hoidn@ch.ibm.com
November 24, 2008
SOA Part 2 | Hans-Peter Hoidn 2
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Slot for Exercise Discussion
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Agenda
I. Recap SOA Architecture and JKE’s “Open Account” Process
II. Business Process Modeling
III. Programming Models for Business Process Realization (Assembly)
IV. Business Driven Development (BDD)
V. Business Process Management – from end-to-end
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I. Recap SOA Architecture and JKE’s Account Opening Process
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SOA Lifecycle
Interaction Services
Information Services
Partner Services
Business App Services
Access Services
Dev
elop
men
t Ser
vice
s
Man
agem
ent S
ervi
ces
Infrastructure Services
App
s &
In
fo A
sset
s
Process Services
Business Services
Enterprise Service Bus
SOA Reference Architecture
Servicesatomic and composite
Operational Systems
Service Components
Consumers
Business ProcessComposition; choreography; business state machines
Service Provider
Service C
onsumer
Integration (Enterprise Service Bus)
QoS Layer (Security, M
anagement &
Monitoring Infrastructure Services)
Data A
rchitecture (meta-data) &
Business Intelligence
Governance
Channel B2B
PackagedApplication
CustomApplication
OOApplication
SOA Solution Layering
Key Models for SOA – Enabling Greater Flexibility in Enterprise IT Architectures
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Example for Business Process –„Open Account“ at JK Enterprises
Virtual Company – a premier supplier to retail channel, small business channel, and corporate customersHigh-touch approach to our customers - now with customer centers around the worldCustomers of all types can interact with us in a way that suits their individual needs – corporate customers are true business partners
Line of Business Organization
Retail
CEO
Sales Service Credit Service ServiceSales SalesCredit Credit
Commercial e-business
SOA Part 2 | Hans-Peter Hoidn 7
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Defining Solution ScopeBusiness Context Diagram
Customer CSR (Store)
Account Owner (HQ)
Forms
Account History Credit ScoringPartner
Real-timeCollaborationre: Account History
Account Manager (HQ)
Portal
Account OpenRequest
eFor
msDec
ision
Account R
eques
ts
Account OpenRequest
AccountOn-Boarding
New AccountRequest
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Use Case for “Open Account” Process
Work Products Created By:WW SOA Technical Sales
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Servicesatomicand composite
Operational Systems(Applications & Data)
ServiceComponents
Consumers
Business ProcessComposition; choreography; business state machines
SCA
Billing(CICS 3.1)
AddressVerification
AccountActivation
AccountInquiry
DetermineEligibility
CreateAccount
EJB
Determine ApplicantEligibility
OpenAccount
AccountActivation
AccountVerification
EJB
GL(SAP)
Sales ApplicationCentral Office
Sales ApplicationRegional Office
AddressVerification
create from scratch
indirect exposure
third-party reuse
AccountSetup
ARSetup
direct exposure
indirect exposure
MessageFlow
Customer(CICS 2.x)
SOA Stack for “Open Account” Process
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App
s &
In
fo A
sset
s
Business Innovation & Optimization Services
Dev
elop
men
tSe
rvic
es
Interaction Services Process Services Information Services
Partner Services Business App Services Access Services
Integrated environment
for design and creation of solution
assets
Manage and secure services,
applications &
resources
Facilitates better decision-making with real-time business information
Enables collaboration between people,
processes & information
Orchestrate and automate business
processes
Manages diverse data in a unified
manner
Connect with trading partners
Build on a robust, scaleable, and secure services environment
Facilitates interactions with existing information and application assets
ESBFacilitates communication between services
IT S
ervi
ceM
anag
emen
t
Infrastructure ServicesOptimizes throughput,
availability and performance
EJBs
FederatedQuery
DBAccess
DBAccessSiebel
Adapter
CICSAccess
Business Dashboard
Open Account
Portal
Approved
CommunityManager
IT Management Console
Reference Architecture and “Open Account” Process
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Overview of JKE’s IT Environment
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II. Business Process Modelling
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“ Service orientation does not begin with technology; it begins with the mind-set of thinking about your business and the world around you in terms of functional components. Becoming more functionally service oriented allows organizations to quickly and economically rearrange the components that make up a business.”
The Future of Business June 2007Steve Mills, Senior Vice President and Group ExecutiveIBM Software Group
“On such a flat earth, the most important attribute you can have is creative imagination – the ability to be the first on your block to figure out how all these enabling tools can be put together in new and exciting ways to create products, communities, opportunities, and profits.
Thomas Friedman, The World is Flat
Business Models are Changing…
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Business View
Business Analyst
IT View
IT Architect Developer
Process/Operation Model
Business Process Model
Business Component
Business Data
Business Services
Architecture/ Execution Model
Process Choreography
UML Class Model
UML Data, XML, SQL Model
Service Model, WS-BPEL
Business Perspective IT Perspective
Enterprise / ITArchitect
EA Provides Linkage Between Operational and IT ViewsReconciling Business Perspectives and IT Perspectives
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Case Study: Procure to Pay Process
Division
Where We Are Heading – Start
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Outsourced
Supplier
Shared Service
DivisionDivision
Customer
Where We Are Heading – Goal
Case Study: Procure to Pay Process
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Graphically Model Processes- Define: Goal, Scope, Perspective, Audience, Level-of-detail,
Content- Introduce naming conventions for all process objects (costs, time,
resources, decision points, actions, etc)- Agree on a maximum number of process levels (3-4) and number
of activities per process diagram (15-20)Simulate and Analyze- Simulate execution with statistical analysis tools- Run "what if" scenarios to predict outcomes- Identify bottlenecks and workload imbalances- Isolate projects that will generate the greatest returns
Hand off to Implementation- Export business and data models for use in IT deployment- Direct export of models to IT such as WS-BPEL for execution, XSD
for data definitions, WSDL for services interfacing, UML for IT architect refinement
Architectural Benefit:- Business analysts provide top-down approach to service and process design- Enable coordination of process development across business stakeholders- Creation of artifacts to support down-stream implementation
Business Process ModelingCapture, Simulate, Analyze & Hand-off to Implementation
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Business Process aspects of RUP : Business Modeling
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Comprehensive Palette to model process complexity
Swimlane view provides different views of the same model
Metric Information available to view – Task duration example
Objects with descriptive labels –Role label example
Color coded objects – color by Role example
Basic, Intermediate and Advanced modes show different levels of detail. Technology editing modes provide validation prior to transformation and export.
Process editor -Free-Form Layout
The Process Model
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Organization structures shows
relationships between organization units and
locations
Attributes of the organization units can be either user defined or adhere to the definitions of a specific
runtime
The Organization Model
Defines the structure of organization units and locationsGraphical organization trees allow for visibility into what the relationship between the organizations and the resources are in order to view hand-offs
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Icons are added automatically showing Triggers, Metrics, Timers,
Counters and KPIs, etc. as they are added to the model.
Observation Model Business
Measures, KPIsand their Attributes
The Business Measures (Observation) Model
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SOA-Based Business Assembly and Execution
Business Process Choreography orchestrates services to form deployable processes:- Process model based on WS-BPEL - Choreography includes automated and
human based services, business rules, service invocations and control of flow aspects
- Processes support transactions and compensation
Service consumers can initiate as well as create SOA-based process solutionsMediation creation to transform/route service requests and responsesEnables inter and intra-enterprise (B2B) service integration over the ESB framework
Architectural Benefit:- Simplified, standards-based business process development- Support for industry process and data models- Directly invoke mediations for routing/transforming requests between services
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Design and Simulation of the “AccountOpen” Business Process Model
Collaborative Development of the “Account Open” Business Process Model
Developing the Process ModelCompleting the “Account Open” Process Model
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III. Programming Models for Business Process Realization (Assembly)
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BPEL (Business Process Execution Language)
Business Process Execution Language (or BPEL), is a business process modeling language that is executable. It is serialized in XML and aims to enable programming in the large. The concepts of programming in the large and programming in the small distinguish between two aspects of writing the type of long-running asynchronous processes that one typically sees in business processes.
Industry standard (OASIS) for web services choreography that allows the assembly of process definitions and (web) services
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What is BPEL (Business Process Execution Language)
Use the specification of a Business process Assemble the process and (web) services
As Web Services Orchestrating Web services
WSDLPort Type &Operation
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BPEL Activities
Interact with people, other processes, business partners and services
Process-internal tasks
Define the control flow
ReceiveData
Wait for1 out of n Events
SendData
InvokeOperation
HumanInteraction
JJNo-Op Wait Update
Variables Execute
Java code Terminate/Exit
Signalan Error
Parallel Tasks
Sequential Tasks
SynchronizeTasks
Switch/If
Loop
!!Handlean Error
*
*
* BPEL 2.0
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WS-BPEL Business Process: Microflows and Macroflows
MicroflowsOne Transaction
MacroflowsMultiple TransactionsAnd compensation transactions
Could be human tasks or B2B Interactions
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BPEL Business Process: Compensation
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
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Working with BPEL through Graphical Editor (Eclipse Environment)
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Assemble Service Components
Assembly Editor
Creating Business Processes
BPELEditor
Defining business rules
Decision Table Editor
Defining human tasks
Human Task Editor
Service Orchestration Assembly using Visual Tools for building Components
SOA Part 2 | Hans-Peter Hoidn 32
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SCA (Service Component Architecture)
Service Component Architecture (SCA) is a relatively new initiative advocated by major vendors of Java EE technology. Its proponents claim it is more natively suited for the delivery of applications that conform with the principles of service-oriented architecture. As such, SCA components are supposedly more technologically agnostic. (Wikipedia)
SCA helps to define mediations in an ESB (Enterprise Service Bus)- Modules contain “wired” Service Components- Service Components use Business Objects/Service Data Objects for data- Modules have port to provide binding to other components- Solutions are a collections of Modules
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Component
Export
Module A
Import
Component
Wires Business Object
Interfaces References
Module B
Services
Web Client ComponentExport
SCA Programming Model
Developer does NOT need to work about low level binding details or to provide code to support this function
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Using Modules for Encapsulation and Reuse
Module: Process Account Verify
BPEL Process:AccountVerify Store
Customer
AccountVerify
CustomerCredit
ApproveCredit
Module: Customer Credit
Business Rule:Customer
Credit
CustomerCredit
Module: Approve Credit Manually
Human Task:Approve Credit
ApproveCredit
DB2Module: Update Customer Database
Store Customer
Adapter forRelational DB
Interface MapConvert to
DB2
BO: DB2Customer
IF: DB2AdapterLibrary: CustLib
BO: Customer
IF: StoreCustomer
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Using Modules for Encapsulation and Reuse – Change of Storing order (now SAP instead of DB2)
Module: Process Account Verify
BPELProcess:AccountVerify Store
Customer
AccountVerify
CustomerCredit
ApproveCredit
Module: Customer Credit
Business Rule:Customer
Credit
CustomerCredit
Module: Approve Credit Automatic
Business Rule:Approve Credit
ApproveCredit
SAPModule: Update Customer SAP
Store Customer
Adapter forSAP
Interface MapConvert to
SAP
BO: SAPCustomer
IF: SAPAdapterLibrary: CustLib
BO: Customer
IF: StoreCustomer
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IV: Business Driven Development (BDD)
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Enablement of Business Integration
Business and IT are no longer separate tracksChoreography of services- The sequencing, selection, and execution of operations
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Services (reusable functional components)
Choreography (business rules and processes)
WSDL
ServiceSpecification
ITIT
BABA
ITIT
ITIT
Use Cases
InterfaceSpecification
Requirements
Legacyapplication
Business Process Model and Story Board
BABA
BABA
ITIT
BABA
ITIT
Receive
Invoke
Invoke Invoke Reply
ReplyFault
Non-Interruptible
Receive
Invoke
Invoke Invoke Reply
ReplyFault
Non-Interruptible New Application
BDD Overview (including Legacy Applications)
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Roles to be taken within a Development Process
Analyst Architect Developer Tester
Construct, transform,integrate
and generate
code
Design, create,
and execute
tests
Model, simulate, assemble,
and monitor processes
Visuallymodel
applications and data
Provision, configure, tune and
troubleshoot applications
Follow a common processManage and measure projects and portfoliosManage requirements
Manage changeand assetsManage qualityProject
Manager
ExecutiveAlign investments with business objectivesAnalyze and monitor project portfolios
Deployment Manager
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Process Execution/Choreography
J2EE/Java Services
CompositeApp Devt/Assembly
Process Modeling
Monitor Analysis
Optimize
Existing Components
Process Requirements
Manage Execution
Participate
Business Process Development Life Cycle Tools
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WebSphere Business Modeler
BusinessAnalyst
Rational RequisitePro
Rational SoftwareArchitect
IBM Rational Team Unifying Platform
Rational PortfolioManager
Executive
Project Manager
WebSphere Integration Developer
Integration Developer
Rational Functional & Performance Tester
Tester
Architect PortalDeveloperJava Developer
RuntimeWebSphere Process ServerWebSphere Portal WebSphere Business Monitor
Areas for Business Driven Development
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Prioritize proposed, existing and under-construction services based on business priority, risk and returnTrack service level financialsProvide deep insight into SOA developmentManage SOA project-team dependenciesForecast demand for service creation and updatesUnderstand the cost of SOA creation, operations and maintenance
Understand Risk, Project Costs, and ROI
Identify and Manage Projects and Resources
CIO
ProjectManager
Rational PortfolioManager
BDD Details 1 – Governance & Capturing Requirements
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BDD Details 2 – Modeling Business Processes
Discover and design key business processesCapture business data items exchanged between processes & tasksAssign tasks to roles that are responsible for their performance.Determine and allocate required resourcesModel the business organization & roles organizational units can playDetermination of any other process/tasks (services) that must be provided by others
Create, Simulate & Analyze As-Is Business
Model
WebSphere Business Modeler
Create FinancialReports & ROI
Estimates
Create Observation Model with KPIs & export to Monitor
Create, Simulate, Analyze and Optimize To-Be
Business Model
BusinessAnalyst
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BDD Details 3 – Designing Services
Architecture and design for service implementationsTrace enterprise requirements to business processes and service implementationsDefine detailed system requirements or service implementationsModeling and architectural specification of services (using UML2)Discover and consume existing services
Trace Requirements & Create System
Use Case Realizations
Model Services and Service Architectures
Create & Manage System
Requirements
Architect
Rational Software Architect
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BDD Details 4 – Construct and Test the Services
Build new services from scratch or enable existing applications for servicesDiscover and consume existing servicesTest functionalityTest performanceTeam development and life cycleintegrations
Implement Services, & expose as Web Services
Test
JavaDeveloper
Develop Portlets(App UI
and Monitor)
PortalDeveloper
Tester
Rational Functional & Performance Tester
RationalApplicationDeveloper
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Implement business processes designed by Business Analysts using BPEL- Plug in Services - Plug in Human Activities (Staff)Composition with servicesDeploy and test
Integration Developer
WebSphere Integration DeveloperChoreograph
services using BPEL, WSDL,
etc.
Configure Human Task Manager
(including Ad-Hoc) & Client
Assemble Solution(BPEL, Human Task Manager, Business
Rules, etc)
BDD Details 5 – Implementing Business Processes
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Deploy/Run
Monitor
BusinessOperations
Analyst
RuntimeWebSphere Process ServerWebSphere Portal WebSphere Business Monitor
WSDLEAR
WSDLEAR
DBA
Rational RequisitePro
Create, Simulate & Analyze As-Is
Business Model
WebSphere Business Modeler
Create FinancialReports & ROI
Estimates
Create Observation Model with KPIs & export to Monitor
Create, Simulate, Analyze and Optimize To-Be Business Model
BusinessAnalyst
Integration Developer
WebSphere Integration DeveloperChoreograph
services using BPEL, WSDL,
etc.
Configure Human Task Manager
(including Ad-Hoc) & Client
Assemble Solution(BPEL, Human Task Manager, Business
Rules, etc)
Understand Risk, Project
Costs, and ROI
Identify and Manage
Projects and Resources
CIO
ProjectManager
Rational PortfolioManager
Trace Requirements & Create System
Use Case Realizations
Model & Implement Services (i.e. Web
Services) and Application
Test Create & Manage
SystemRequirements
Architect
RationalSoftwareArchitect Java
Developer
If requireddevelop Portlets
PortalDeveloper
Tester
Rational Functional & Performance Tester
IBM Rational Team Unifying Platform
BPELWSDL
UML
Run-time StatisticsBusiness Measures
Big Picture of BDD for SOA
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V. Business Process Management – from end-to-end
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A discipline combining software capabilities and business expertise to accelerate process improvement and facilitate business innovation
BPM is: BPM Solves:
Expertise that Delivers BPMSoftware that Enables BPMSOA Policies RulesWorkflow
Models and MapsIntegration Modeling Monitoring
Forms Methodology
Process Knowledge
BPM Includes:
12 3
4 5 6
Process aren’t documented
Bottlenecks prevent efficiency Limited visibility
into performance
Complex integration across multiple processes
Process change is cumbersome
KPIsnot defined
Business Process Management
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Managing Your Business Processes
Process Assembling
Business Process Modeling
Clean hand-off from IT with Business Models,
Metrics
Constructs for dynamic and adaptive business processes based on an
integration platform
Real time management of
business processes
Feedback for continuous
improvement
Service Service Service
Service 2Service
ServiceService
ServiceService
ServiceGenerate Decline
Service
Process Server
WebSphere ESB
Business Process Monitor
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ReceiveRequest
Account Open Process
CreateAccount
Confirm Account
CreditPolicy
CheckApplication
Customer Account History
CustomerOrders
Account History Service
Customer Account Info
CustomerAccount
Account Info Service
CustomerApplication
Account Status
CustomerApplication
Account Opening Service
People
Process
Information
The End-to-end Account Opening Solution
Internet/IntranetPortal
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Building User Interaction Services
Developing and Deploying the “New Account” Application
Building Role-Specific Portlets and Dashboards
SOA Part 2 | Hans-Peter Hoidn 53
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WebSphereMessage Broker
CICSAdapter
SOAP/HTTP
DataPowerXS40 Appliance
SAPAdapter
CICS 2.x
Account Inquiry
AR Setup
SOAP/HTTP
WebSphereProcessServer
WebSphereEnterprise
ServiceBus
SOAP/JMS
Direct Call
Account Activation
SOAP/HTTPS
Account Open
Process
WebSphereApplication
Server
DetermineEligibility
CICS 3.1
Account Setup
SAP
Create Account
Address Verification Service (external)
IBM Information Server
WebSphereService
Registry and Repository
Deploying the Solution ArchitectureImplementation Topology for JK Enterprises
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Overview Service Management
What’s happening with the infrastructure?
Infrastructure and application discovery Server monitoringStorage monitoringNetwork monitoringData monitoringApplication monitoringService monitoring
How does this relate to the business service?
DashboardApplication dependency mappingBusiness service managementService level management
What actions do we take?
System reconfigurationData restoreUser identity provisioningSystem and application restartInfrastructure deploymentService mediation
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Configuring Service Management AgentsMonitoring Account Opening Performance and Availability
Infrastructure ArchitectureComposite Application Management
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Logical Architecture for Business Activity Monitoring
Monitor Server
Action Manager
CEI
Datamart
Monitor
Replicate database
Monitor Business using DashboardsEvents sent to Monitor Server
Process Server (or other CBE
sources)
Send events
33Monitoring Model executes44
Generated business situation events
Business situation events (from 2 & 5)
66
Take action8877
55
Assembly & Monitor
Development Toolkit
Deploy Monitoring Model
22 11
99
Modeler (Optional)
Monitoring statistics imported to Modeler
1010
Monitor Dashboard
Server
SOA Part 2 | Hans-Peter Hoidn 57
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Servicesatomic and composite
Operational Systems
Service Components
Consumers
Business ProcessComposition; choreography; business state machines
Service ProviderService C
onsumer
Integration (Enterprise Service Bus)
QoS Layer (Security, M
anagement &
Monitoring Infrastructure Services)
Data A
rchitecture (meta-data) &
Business Intelligence
Governance
Channel B2B
PackagedApplication
CustomApplication
OOApplication
Integrated Reporting
Integrated Visibility of SOA Resources
ServiceManagement
Application Monitoring
Resource Monitoring Resource
Monitoring
TransactionTracking
Integrated Console
SOA Part 2 | Hans-Peter Hoidn 58
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Monitoring Credit Risk Building Components to
Monitor Account Opening Duration
Process Monitoring and Management
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A Representative Dashboard Solution
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High Availability in the SOA World
An application may exist on multiple servers in different locations- Applications need to be “availability” aware in case a service within the
workflow is unavailable
SOA applications impact service availability levels- SOA introduce new application dependencies, including externally provided
services- Need to understand the end-to-end view
Monitoring, management and reporting is required to achieve predictable availability in an SOA environment
Plan for the unexpected- What are the non-functional requirements? What systems are you using?
Distributed? Mainframe? Where are they located? How will they be accessed?
- The more components in the transaction, the greater the risks for failure or human error
SOA Part 2 | Hans-Peter Hoidn 61
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Faster Machines1
Techniques for High Availability and Scalability
Existing Apps & Data
Business Partners / External Services
Business Data
App. Client
Browser Client
UI Data3
8
32 32
1 8
1 8
1 8
23
Replicated Machines
Specialized Machines
Segmented Workload456
Request Batching
Data Aggregation
Connection Management78 Caching
Dis
patc
her UI Logic Business
Logic
Directory & Security Services
5
87
46
13
247
8
5
1 2
HTT
P Se
rver
Con
nect
ors
Inte
rnet
Fire
wal
l
Inte
rnet
Fire
wal
l
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Closing Remark