Post on 04-Jun-2018
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Literary Terms
We will be using these literary termsthroughout the school year.
There WILL be literary terms used onyour FINAL EXAMS in May!!
You need to keep up with your notes.
Dont lose your terms! You might beable to use them
be RESPONSIBLE!!
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We will use the following terms:
Character Antagonist Protagonist
Diction Denotation Connotation
Imagery Mood PlotExposition Rising Action Climax
Falling Action Resolution Conflict
Flashback Foreshadowing Suspense
Point of View Setting Style
Theme Tone Figures of Speech
Metaphor Simile Oxymoron
Personification Alliteration
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Character
A character is a person oran animal that takes partin the action of a literarywork.
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Antagonist
The Antagonist is acharacter or force in conflictwith a main character, or
protagonist.
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Do you know your Antagonists???
On your paper take a few minutes to writedown some Antagonists that you canrecall from movies, television shows, andvideo games
Remember the Antagonist is in conflict
with the Protagonist or, main character! Helpful hintyou should now know why
people use the saying Dont antagonizeme!
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Protagonist
The Protagonist is the main
character in a literary workCan you name some famous
Protagonists that are found inliterature?
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Diction Diction is the manner in which
we express words; the wordingused.
Diction = enunciation
Some easy examples are:Dont say goin say going, Dont say wanna say want to
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ConnotationThe connotation of a word is the set of
ideas associated with it in addition to
its explicit meaning. The connotationof a word can be personal, based onindividual experiences. More often,
cultural connotationsthoserecognizable by most people in agroupdetermine a writers word
choices.
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Denotation versus Connotation
Some examples
Cheap is low in cost (denotation) but
stingy or poorly made are theconnotations of cheap
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Lets use the word HOT
The denotation (or dictionary definitionremember d in denotation =
dictionary)of HOT is: having a temperature higherthan that of a human body.
However, when you say Man! He/She is hot!,are you saying Man! He is having a
temperature higher than that of a humanbody!? No!!
You are saying the CONNOTATION of HOTwhich
could mean a variety of thingsman he/she iscute, attractive, beautiful, and many othermeaningsthose come from personalexperiences and cultural meanings, etc.
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Imagery
Imagery is words or phrases
that appeal to one or more ofthe five senses. Writers useimagery to describe how their
subjects look, sound, feel,taste, and smell.
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MOODMood, or atmosphere, is the feeling
created in the reader by a literarywork or passage. Writers use many
devices to create mood, includingimages, dialogue, setting, and plot.Often, a writer creates a mood at the
beginning of a work and thensustains the mood throughout.
Sometimes, however, the mood ofthe work changes dramatically.
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Plot
Plot is the sequence of events. The first eventcauses the second, the second causes the third,and so forth.
In most novels, dramas, short stories, and narrativepoems, the plot involves both characters and acentral conflict.
The plot usually begins with an exposition thatintroduces the setting, the characters, and thebasic situation. This is introduced and developed.
The conflict then increases until it reaches a highpoint of interest or suspense, the climax. Theclimax is followed by the falling action, or end, ofthe central conflict. Any events that occur duringthe falling action make up the resolution.
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PLOTLINE
ExpositionResolution
Climax
Conflict Introduced
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Exposition
The Exposition is the
introduction. It is the partof the work that introduces
the characters, setting, andbasic situation.
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Rising Action
Rising Action is the part of the
plot that begins to occur assoon as the conflict isintroduced. The rising action
adds complications to theconflict and increases reader
interest.
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Climax
The Climax is the point of
greatest emotional intensity,interest, or suspense in theplot of a narrative. The climax
typically comes at the turningpoint in a story or drama.
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Falling Action
Falling Action is the action thattypically follows the climax andreveals its results.
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Resolution
The Resolution is the part ofthe plot that concludes thefalling action by revealing or
suggesting the outcome ofthe conflict.
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Conflict
Conflict is the struggle
between opposing forces ina story or play. There are
two types of conflict thatexist in literature.
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External Conflict
External conflict exists when a character
struggles against some outside force, suchas another character, nature, society, orfate.
Man vs. Man
Man vs. Nature
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Internal Conflict
Internal conflict exists within the mind of a
character who is torn between differentcourses of action.
Man vs. Himself
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The movie Titanicis told almost entirely in a
flashback.
What are some other films that containflashback to help tell stories?
Holes
Willy Wonka
Think of some more
Flashback continued
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Can you think of an
element offoreshadowing?
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Suspense
Suspense is the growing interest andexcitement readers experience while
awaiting a climax or resolution in a workof literature. It is a feeling of anxiousuncertainty about the outcome of events.
Writers create suspense by raisingquestions in the minds of their readers.
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Point of View
Point of View is the perspective, or vantagepoint, from which a story is told. It is the
relationship of the narrator to the story.First-person is told by a character who uses
the first-person pronoun I.
Third-person limited point of view is thepoint of view where the narrator usesthird-person pronouns such as he and
she to refer to the characters.
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SettingThe setting of a literary work is the time andplace of the action.
The setting includes all the details of a place andtimethe year, the time of day, even theweather. The place may be a specific country,
state, region, community, neighborhood,building, institution, or home.
Details such as dialect, clothing, customs, andmodes of transportation are often used toestablish setting.
In most stories, the setting serves as a backdropa context in which the characters interact.The setting of a story often helps to create a
particular mood, or feeling.
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Style
Style is the distinctive way in whichan author uses language.
Word choice, phrasing, sentencelength, tone, dialogue, purpose,and attitude toward the audience
and subject can all contribute toan authors writing style.
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Theme
The theme of a literary work is its centralmessage, concern, or purpose. A theme canusually be expressed as a generalization, or
general statement, about people or life. Thetheme may be stated directly by the writeralthough it is more often presented indirectly.When the theme is stated indirectly, the reader
must figure out the theme by looking carefully atwhat the work reveals about the people or aboutlife.
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Tone
Tone is a reflection of a writers or speakersattitude toward a subject of a poem, story, or
other literary work. Tone may be communicatedthrough words and details that expressparticular emotions and that evoke andemotional response from the reader.
For example, word choice or phrasing may seemto convey respect, anger, lightheartedness, orsarcasm.
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Figures of Speech
A figure of speech is a specific device or kind offigurative language, such as hyperbole,metaphor, personification, simile, orunderstatement.
Figurative language is used for descriptive effect,
often to imply ideas indirectly. It is not meantto be taken literally. Figurative language is usedto state ideas in vivid and imaginative ways.
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Metaphor
A Metaphor is a type of speech thatcompares or equates two or more things
that have something in common. Ametaphor does NOT use likeor as.
Example: Life is a bowlof cherries.
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Simile
A Simile is another figure of speech thatcompares seemingly unlike things.
Similes DO use the words likeor as.
Example: Her voice was like nails on a
chalkboard.
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Oxymoron
An Oxymoron is a figure of speech that is acombination of seemingly contradictory
words.
Examples: Same difference
Pretty uglyRoaring silence
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Alliteration
Alliteration is the repetition of sounds, mostoften consonant sounds, at the beginning
of words. Alliteration gives emphasis towords.
Example: Peter Piper picked a peck of
pickled peppers