Connected speech

English Phonology Lecture2018

Katalin Balogné Bérces

interface

● the overlap where two theories or phenomena affect each other or have links with each other

● phonology – morphology interface● phonology – syntax interface

Connected speech

● a continuous sequence of sounds forming utterances or conversations in spoken language

● words will sound differently in connected speech than in isolation ("citation form / canonical form / isolation form")

➔ e.g., function words like can: [kæn]➔ cf. John [kn] draw labelled tree diagrams

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What happens to word-final /l/ in connected speech?

Revision: The phonology of English consonants:L-darkening in RP

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feel and feel me versus feel at homespell and spell this word versus spell itkill and kill Bill versus kill yousmile and smile back versus smile at me

Cross-word ambisyllabicity.The choice of allophone is determined by the syllabic

position of the consonant.

Revision: The phonology of English consonants:L-darkening in RP

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10Olvasókönyv 3. osztály (1. kötet)

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Cross-word ambisyllabicity

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What happens to word-final /r/ in connected speech?

Revision: The phonology of English consonants:R-dropping in RP

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Linking-R:more exciting, your eyes, (to) err is (human), care about, centre of, tire us, etc.between two sentences: e.g., He doesn't care. I do or There's a spider. I'm scared.

The (non)pronunciation of R is determinedby its syllabic position.

Within and across sentences, the pronunciation of word-final R is determined by the following segment.

Cross-word ambisyllabicity.

Revision: The phonology of English consonants:R-dropping in RP

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PLUS...

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Linking-R:more exciting, your eyes, (to) err is (human), care about, centre of, tire us, etc.between two sentences: e.g., He doesn't care. I do or There's a spider. I'm scared.

Intrusive-R:visa application, (the) idea is, (the) Shah of (Persia), schwa insertion, law and (order), Gloria Estefan, (cats) claw at (the furniture), (the giant) panda is (an endangered species), etc.between two sentences: Try that sofa. It's softer or Call Maria. I need her.

Revision: The phonology of English consonants:R-dropping in RP

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Linking-R and Intrusive-R:

● phonetically identical● non-rhotic accents of English only – linking and

intrusion go hand in hand with R-dropping● Pre-R Breaking/Broadening → Linking-R

always follows one of /ə ɑː ɔː ɜː/, that is, a non-high vowel

● Intrusive-R appears after certain vowels only, namely /ə ɑː ɔː ɜː/, that is, after a non-high vowel

● both Linking-R and Intrusive-R are always between two vowels: VV → VrV

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before...

i. e., historically R-final and historically non-R-final words are treated by speakers analogouslyThere's no synchronic difference between them – they are THE SAME

The only difference is historical, reflected in spelling

Linking-R and Intrusive-R:

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the replacement of /t d/ by the alveolar tap/flap [ɾ] in certain dialects of English, e.g., General American:

Tom atómic átomtea eightéen prétty/vánitytomato potáto tomáto/potáto

What happens in connected speech?

Tapping/flapping

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across words:hit hit Aníta hit Ánnget get alóng get úp

a tease vs. at easemy tie vs. might I

Tapping/flapping

Cross-word ambisyllabicity.

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Cross-word ambisyllabicity

Giegerich (1992:280)

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Cross-word ambisyllabicity

You'd better not pout I'm telling you why

Santa Claus is coming to town

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Cross-word ambisyllabicity

You'd better not pout I'm telling you why

Santa Claus is coming to town

Santa-r-is coming to town ;)

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Cross-word ambisyllabicity

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Other connected speech processes:

- assimilation processes

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Other connected speech processes:

- assimilation processes (place assim., Fricative Devoicing, cross-word palatalization)

regressive place assimilations, e.g.:- dentalisation of /t d n l/ when followed by /θ/: e.g. quite thick- labial assimilation of /t d/: hot pudding [-p p-], Hyde Park [-b p-]- velar assimilation of /t d/: that car [-k k-], bad composition [-g k-]- nasal place assimilation: green peas, raincoat, ink, hunger

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Other connected speech processes:

- assimilation processes (place assim., Fricative Devoicing, cross-word palatalization)

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Other connected speech processes:

- assimilation processes (place assim., Fricative Devoicing, cross-word palatalization)

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Other connected speech processes:

- assimilation processes (place assim., Fricative Devoicing, cross-word palatalization)

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Other connected speech processes:

- assimilation processes (place assim., Fricative Devoicing, cross-word palatalization)

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Other connected speech processes:

- assimilation processes (place assim., Fricative Devoicing, cross-word palatalization)

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Other connected speech processes:

- assimilation processes (place assim., Fricative Devoicing, cross-word palatalization)- consonant deletion, esp. h-dropping of function words

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Other connected speech processes:

- assimilation processes (place assim., Fricative Devoicing, cross-word palatalization)- consonant deletion, esp. h-dropping of function words

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Other connected speech processes:

- assimilation processes (place assim., Fricative Devoicing, cross-word palatalization)- consonant deletion, esp. h-dropping of function words

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Other connected speech processes:

- assimilation processes (place assim., Fricative Devoicing, cross-word palatalization)- consonant deletion, esp. h-dropping of function words

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Other connected speech processes:

- assimilation processes (place assim., Fricative Devoicing, cross-word palatalization)- consonant deletion, esp. h-dropping of function words

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Other connected speech processes:

- assimilation processes (place assim., Fricative Devoicing, cross-word palatalization)- consonant deletion, esp. h-dropping of function words- suprasegmental features: phrasal stress (recall stress shift/the Thirteen Men Rule), compound stress, stress-timed rhythm, vowel reduction- strong and weak forms of function words

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them

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them

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her

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her

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her

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and

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to

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contractions

● standard: aren't, won't, it's, I'll …● non-standard:➔ wanna, gonna, hafta …➔ whatcha

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contractions

● standard: aren't, won't, it's, I'll …● non-standard:➔ wanna, gonna, hafta …➔ whatcha

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contractions

● standard: aren't, won't, it's, I'll …● non-standard:➔ wanna, gonna, hafta …➔ whatcha➔ imma, tryna

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contractions

● standard: aren't, won't, it's, I'll …● non-standard:➔ wanna, gonna, hafta …➔ whatcha➔ imma, tryna

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contractions

● standard: aren't, won't, it's, I'll …● non-standard:➔ wanna, gonna, hafta …➔ whatcha➔ imma, tryna➔ [kənəv]: [ɪts kənəv ˈdɪfɪklt] (John C. Wells)

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have

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have

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a(n), the

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a(n), the

© PÁ

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a(n), the

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a(n), the

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ði ʹend :-)