English

Ms Lardner

CONTRACTIONS:Contractions are single words that result

from combining two words and omitting one or more letters.

RULE:When letters are left out, an

apostrophe becomes part of the spelling. In “We’re #1” the apostrophe is taking the place of the “a” in are.

SUFFIXES:Suffixes are endings added to the root word.

Your suffix beginsWith a vowel, you say?Then final ‘e’ usually

Drops away.RULE:To drop or not to drop the final ‘e’

when adding suffixes? The first letter of your suffix is the handy clue; if it is a vowel, drop the ‘e’ before adding the suffix.

Q and U:Like birds of a feather, ‘q’ and ‘u’ stick

together.

RULE:The ‘qu’ letter combination id found

in the beginning, middle and end of the words. The letters don’t always produce the same sound, but they are always used together.

There are 3 main differences in the speeling of words between Canadina spelling and American spelling:

1.“our” versus “or” (colour/color)2.“s” versus “z” (summarise/summarize)3.“re” versus “er” (centre/center)

When you’re making a plural,What do you do?

It depends on the wordYou’re doing it to!

Most regular nouns form their plurals by adding ‘s’ to the singular. (book---books)

Nouns that end in ch, sh, s, x, z form their plurals by adding ‘es’. (church--- churches)

COMMON nouns ending in ‘y’ preceded by a consonant change the ‘y’ to an ‘i’ and add ‘es’. (city---cities)

If it is a PROPER noun (like a name) just add an ‘s’. (Mary---Marys)

BOTH common and proper nouns ending in ‘y’ preceded by a vowel form their plurals by adding ‘s’. (monkey---monkeys)

Some nouns ending in ‘f’ or ‘fe’ change the ‘f’ to ‘v’ and add ‘es’. (loaf---loaves)

Other nouns ending in ‘f’ or ‘fe’ do not change the ‘f’, but merely add ‘s’. (roof---roofs)

Most nouns ending in ‘o’ preceded by a consonant just add ‘es’. (potato---potatoes)

Some words ending in ‘o’—often times musical terms—simply add an ‘s’. (piano—pianos)

Nouns that end in ‘o’ preceded by a consonant add ‘s’. (cameo—cameos)

Compound nouns are those made of two or more words. All you usually do is add an ‘s’ to the most important word!

(commander-in-chief—commanders-in-chief)

Some compound nouns simply add ‘s’ at the end.

(playground—playgrounds)

‘I’ before ‘e’Except after ‘c’

Or when sounding like ‘a’ As in neighbor or weigh

And except seize and seizureAnd also leisure

Weird, height, and eitherForfeit and neither

‘I’ before ‘e’….

Achieve BelieveReliefFierceFiendFriendChiefShriekPiece

…except after ‘c’…

ConceitCeilingReceiveDeceitDeceivePerceiveReceiptConceive

…or when sounded like ‘a’ …

NeighborWeighFreightHeightVeinWeightSleighReign

1. abate (v)2. fen (n)3. mangle (v) 4. abode (n)5. fetlock (n)6. muck (n)7. abracadabra (i)8. companion (n)9. fearsome (adj)10. zooplankton (n)

1. artless (adj)2. catbird (n)3. hardpan (n)4. overcareful (adj)5. tailgate (n)6. tenderhearted (adj)7. toastmaster (n)8. aqueduct (n)9. abnormalism (n)10. electromagnetism (n)

Four Headings:

1.Word2.Word-in-word evidence3.Synonyms4.My definition

EXAMPLE #1:Word: supertankerWord-in-word: super, tank, tankerSynonyms: super=big, great

tank=a containerMy Definition: It is some type of big

container

EXAMPLE #2:Word: antivaccinationismWord-in-word: anti, vaccine, tion, ismSynonyms: anti= against

vaccination=medicine, needle

My Definition: Someone who is against vaccinations

List #3

1. acknowledgment (n)2. contemporary (adj)3. forbidden (adj)4. indignation (n)5. intervention (n)6. trustworthy (adj)7. bovine (adj)8. incline (v)9. lumbar (adj)10.skedaddle (v)

List #41. albacore 2. deduction3. insertion4. lubricant5. qualification6. abstain7. educe8. scattle9. trestle10. whoop

Rhyme TimeFor list #4, you need to know the spelling of

all ten words and a rhyming word for each word. You also need to know the definition of five of the words.

FOR EXAMPLE:Deduction: something that is reduced

(deducted)reduction, auction

1. bibliography (n)2. discrimination (n)3. grindstone (n)4. international (adj)5. obligation (n)6. reincarnation (n)7. temperamental (adj)8. tractability (adj)9. grosbeak (n)10. inflate (v)

1. bib-li-og-ra-phy2. dis-crim-i-na-tion3. grind-stone4. in-ter-na-tion-al5. ob-li-ga-tion6. re-in-car-na-tion7. tem-per-a-ment-al8. trac-ta-bil-i-ty9. gros-beak10. in-flate

UniversityCarefulHospitalWonderingShampooOrdinaryPublication

1. Vowel sounds can influence where syllables break off.

2. Syllable breaks often split two of the same letter (syl-la-ble).

3. Certain letter patterns regularly go together.

4. EVERY SYLLABLE NEEDS A VOWEL!

SPELLING LIST #6

1. ambassadorial (adj)2. complication (n)3. exhibition (n)4. hydrofoil (n)5. photomicrograph (n)6. southwestwardly (adj)7. thermodynamics (n)8. unintelligible (adj)9. compare (v)10. geeky (adj)

1. am-bas-sa-dor-i-al2. com-pli-ca-tion3. ex-hi-bi-tion4. hy-dro-foil5. pho-to-mi-cro-graph6. south-west-ward-ly7. ther-mo-dy-nam-ics8. un-in-tel-li-gi-ble9. com-pare10. geek-y