Post on 29-Dec-2015
English 9Mr. Rinka - Lesson #32
VerbsPoetry Meter & Rhyme
Principal Parts of a Verb
There are 4 principal parts of a verb:
Base Form = walkPresent Participle = (is) walking Past = walkedPast Participle = (had) walked
Present participle and past participle will use a helping verb.
Principal Parts of a Verb
These 4 principal parts of a verb are used to form different verb tenses.
We walk two miles every day. (present tense)My parents are walking now. (present progressive)We walked yesterday in the evening. (past tense)We have walked daily since June. (present perfect tense)
Regular Verbs
Regular verbs form their present and past participle forms by adding –ing and –d or –ed to the base form.Base Form
Present Participle
Past Past Participle
talk (is) talking talked (have) talked
play (is) playing played (have) played
use (is) using used (have) used
Regular Verbs
Regular verbs form their past and past participle forms by adding –ing and –d or –ed to the base form.
We play baseball every day.We are playing baseball after school.We played baseball last weekend.We have played baseball every day this month.
Irregular Verbs
An irregular verb is one that forms its past and past participle in a way different from adding –d or –ed to the base form. They form their past and past participle as follows:
changing vowels or consonantschanging vowels and consonantsmaking no change
Irregular Verbs
Base Form Past Past Participle
Vowel Change
begin began (have) begun
Consonant Change
send sent (have) sent
Vowel Consonant Change
bring brought (have) brought
No Change put put (have) put
Irregular Verbs
We begin every class with a test.We began the test one hour ago.We have begun testing, so please work quietly.
Please send the letter today.I sent it yesterday, sir.We have sent a letter to the company.
Irregular Verbs
Students bring their books to class.I brought my books to study hall.I have brought my books to school every day.
Please put those flowers in a vase.I put the flowers in a vase.Mom has put the flowers in a vase.
Irregular Verbs
Base Form Present Participle
Past Past Participle
begin (is) beginning began (have) begun
blow (is) blowing blew (have) blown
break (is) breaking broke (have) broken
bring (is) bringing brought (have) brought
burst (is) bursting burst (have) burst
choose (is) choosing chose (have) chosen
come (is) coming came (have) come
dive (is) diving dove (have) dived
do (is) doing did (have) done
draw (is) drawing drew (have) drawn
Irregular Verbs
Base Form Present Participle
Past Past Participle
drink (is) drinking drank (have) drunk
drive (is) driving drove (have) driven
eat (is) eating ate (have) eaten
fall (is) falling fell (have) fallen
freeze (is) freezing froze (have) frozen
give (is) giving gave (have) given
go (is) going went (have) gone
grow (is) growing grew (have) grown
hear (is) hearing heard (have) heard
know (is) knowing knew (have) known
Irregular Verbs
Present Participle
Present Participle
Past Past Participle
leave (is) leaving left (have) left
put (is) putting put (have) put
ride (is) riding rode (have) ridden
ring (is) ringing rang (have) rung
run (is) running ran (have) run
say (is) saying said (have) said
see (is) seeing saw (have) seen
send (is) sending sent (have) sent
shake (is) shaking shook (have) shaken
shrink (is) shrinking shrank (have) shrunk
Irregular Verbs
Base Form Present Participle
Past Past Participle
sing (is) singing sang (have) sung
sink (is) sinking sank (have) sunk
sleep (is) sleeping slept (have) slept
speak (is) speaking spoke (have) spoken
steal (is) stealing stole (have) stolen
sting (is) stinging stung (have) stung
strike (is) striking struck (have) struck
swear (is) swearing swore (have) sworn
swim (is) swimming swam (have) swum
take (is) taking took (have) taken
Irregular Verbs
Base Form Present Participle
Past Past Participle
teach (is) teaching taught (have) taught
tear (is) tearing tore (have) torn
think (is) thinking thought (have) thought
throw (is) throwing threw (have) thrown
wear (is) wearing wore (have) worn
write (is) writing wrote (have) written
Irregular Verbs
If present participle and past participle forms are used as main verbs in sentences, then they must have helping verbs with them. Without helping verbs the sentence would be wrong.
I am talking to you. (I talking to you. = wrong)
He was playing in the yard. (He playing in the yard = wrong)
We have been working a long time. (We working a long time. = wrong)
Irregular Verbs Exercises
http://www.chompchomp.com/irregular02/irregular02.htm
http://www.quia.com/cb/8111.html
Poetry Meter & Rhyme
POETRY FORMForm - the appearance of the words on the page
Some say the world will end in fire; Some say in ice. From what I've tasted of desire I hold with those who favor fire. But if it had to perish twice, I think I know enough of hate To say that for destruction ice Is also great And would suffice.
“Fire and Ice”Robert Frost
POETRY FORM• http://www.google.com/images?hl=en&q=concrete+poem+examples&revid=1436932906&um=1&ie=UTF-8&source=univ&ei=g0lITJf-B
IL_8Aal78WuDg&sa=X&oi=image_result_group&ct=title&resnum=4&ved=0CD0QsAQwAw&biw=1032&bih=583
POETRY FORM
Line - a group of words together on one line of the poem
O I have been dilatory and dumb,I should have made my way straight to you long ago,I should have blabb'd nothing but you, I should have chanted nothingbut you.
“To You”Walt Whitman
POETRY FORM
Stanza - a group of lines arranged together
“THE SHEPHERD” How sweet is the Shepherd's sweet lot! From the morn to the evening he stays; He shall follow his sheep all the day, And his tongue shall be filled with praise.
For he hears the lambs' innocent call, And he hears the ewes' tender reply; He is watching while they are in peace, For they know when their Shepherd is nigh. William Blake
KINDS OF STANZAS
Couplet = a two line stanzaTriplet (Tercet) = a three line stanzaQuatrain = a four line stanzaQuintet = a five line stanzaSestet (Sextet)= a six line stanzaSeptet = a seven line stanzaOctave = an eight line stanza
RHYTHM
The beat created by the sounds of the words in a poem. Rhythm can be created by meter and rhyme.
RHYTHMI THINK that I shall never seeA poem lovely as a tree. A tree whose hungry mouth is prestAgainst the sweet earth's flowing breast; A tree that looks at God all day,And lifts her leafy arms to pray; A tree that may in summer wearA nest of robins in her hair; Upon whose bosom snow has lain;Who intimately lives with rain. Poems are made by fools like me,But only God can make a tree. Trees – Joyce Kilmer
Meter
Meter = stressed and unstressed syllables of words in a poem arranged in repeating patterns.
Poets count out the number of stressed syllables and unstressed syllables for each line. Poets repeat the pattern throughout the poem.
Meter
Foot = a unit of meter. A foot can have two or three syllables consisting of one stressed and one or more unstressed syllables.
Meter
Types of Meter
Iambic / - - / / unstressed stressed /
Trochaic / - - / / stressed unstressed /
Anapestic / - - - / / unstressed unstressed stressed /
Dactylic / - - - / / stressed unstressed unstressed /
Meter - Metrical Lines
monometer = one foot per linedimeter = two feet per linetrimeter = three feet per linetetrameter = four feet per linepentameter = five feet per linehexameter = six feet per lineheptameter = seven feet per lineoctometer = eight feet per line
Meter - Iambic Tetrameter
Introduction to Milton- William Blake
And did those feet in ancient timeWalk upon England's mountains green?And was the holy Lamb of GodOn England's pleasant pastures seen?
And did / those feet / in an / cient timeWalk up / on Eng / land's moun / tains green?And was the holy Lamb of GodOn Eng / land's plea / sant pas / tures seen?
Meter – Trochaic Tetrameter
Hiawatha’s Childhood - Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
By the shores of Gitche Gumee,By the shining Big-Sea-Water,Stood the wigwam of Nokomis,Daughter of the Moon, Nokomis.
By the / shores of / Git che / Gu mee,By the / shi ning / Big- Sea- / Wa ter,Stood the / wig wam / of No / ko mis,Daugh ter / of the / Moon, No / ko mis.
Meter – Anapestic Tetrameter
The Destruction of Sennacherib – Lord
Byron
The Assyrian came down like a wolf on the foldAnd his cohorts were gleaming in purple and goldAnd the sheen of their spears was like stars on the seaWhen the blue wave rolls nightly on deep Galilee.
The As syri / an came down / like a wolf / on the foldAnd his co / horts were gleam /ing in pur / ple and goldAnd the sheen / of their spears / was like stars / on the seaWhen the blue / wave rolls night / ly on deep / Ga li lee.
Meter – Dactylic Tetrameter
The Lost Leader by Robert Browning
Just for a handful of silver he left us,Just for a riband to stick in his coat –Found the one gift of which fortune bereft us,Lost all the others she lets us devote;
Just for a / hand ful of / sil ver he / left us,Just for a / ri band to / stick in his / coat –Found the one / gift of which / for tune be / reft us,Lost all the / oth ers she / lets us de / vote;
FREE VERSE POETRYFree Verse poetry has no repeating patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables. Free Verse poetry does not rhyme.from Little Father by Li-Young Lee
I buried my father in my heart.Now he grows in me, my strange son,My little root who won’t drink milk,Little pale foot sunk in unheard-of night,Little clock spring newly wetIn the fire, little grape, parent to the futureWine, a son the fruit of his own son,Little father I ransom with my life.
BLANK VERSE POETRY
Poetry written in iambic pentameter without end rhyme.
What is the boy now, who has lost his ball, What, what is he to do? I saw it goMerrily bouncing, down the street, and then Merrily over-there it is in the water!
The Ball Poem – John Berryman
SAMPLE RHYME SCHEMEI THINK that I shall never see ----------------------- AA poem lovely as a tree. --------------------------- A A tree whose hungry mouth is prest --------------- B Against the sweet earth's flowing breast; ---------- B A tree that looks at God all day, ------------------- CAnd lifts her leafy arms to pray; -------------------- C A tree that may in summer wear ------------------- DA nest of robins in her hair; ------------------------- D Upon whose bosom snow has lain; ---------------- EWho intimately lives with rain. ---------------------- E Poems are made by fools like me, ----------------- ABut only God can make a tree. -------------------- A
Trees – Joyce Kilmer
SAMPLE RHYME SCHEME"Hope" is the thing with feathers— ------------------------ AThat perches in the soul— --------------------------------- BAnd sings the tune without the words— ------------------ CAnd never stops—at all— --------------------------------- D
And sweetest—in the Gale—is heard— ------------------ EAnd sore must be the storm— ----------------------------- FThat could abash the little Bird ---------------------------- EThat kept so many warm— -------------------------------- F
I've heard it in the chillest land— ------------------------- GAnd on the strangest Sea— ------------------------------- HYet, never, in Extremity, ------------------------------------ HIt asked a crumb—of Me. --------------------------------- H
"Hope" is the thing with feathers – Emily Dickinson
Irregular Verbs Exercises
http://www.chompchomp.com/irregular02/irregular02.htm
http://www.quia.com/cb/8111.html