Energy Part I

Notes on the different types of energy

What Is Energy?Energy is the ability to do work.

Work happens when force causes an object to change or move.

NO WORK WORK

Types of Energy

KINETIC energy is the energy of all moving objects.

POTENTIAL energy is the stored energy an object has because of its position.

KINETIC ENERGY

KINETIC ENERGY (KE) depends on speed and mass.

The more speed an object has, the more kinetic energy is has.

The more mass an object has, the more kinetic energy it has.

Which has more KE: an elephant running 3 m/sec OR an ant running 3 m/sec?

Which has more KE:

a car moving 50 km/hr OR a car moving 90 km/hr?90 km/hr—objects with

more speed have more KE

Elephant—objects with more mass have more KE

POTENTIAL ENERGY POTENTIAL ENERGY (PE) depends on weight

and height. The more weight an object has, the more PE it

will have. The higher up an object is, the more PE it will

have.

Which object has more PE in the following examples:

1. A rollercoaster at the top of a hill OR at the bottom of a hill.

2. A bowling ball dropped off the top of a building OR a golf ball dropped off the top of a building.

Top—higher objects have more PE

Bowling ball—objects with more weight have more PE

REMINDER: Energy is the ability to do WORK. There are 7 Forms of Energy that can

cause things to MOVE, or do WORK. ATOMIC (NUCLEAR) CHEMICAL HEAT (THERMAL) ELECTRICAL LIGHT (RADIANT) MECHANICAL SOUND

The 7 Forms of Energy can be remembered using this

acronym:

AC HELMS

ACHELMS

ATOMIC ENERGY- the energy generated when the NUCLEUS of ATOMS join together or split apart.

EXAMPLES: Atomic Energy gives the Sun its energy. Atomic bombs.

ACHELMS

CHEMICAL ENERGY- the energy stored in matter that is released during a chemical change.

EXAMPLESBurning chemicals in fuel to make heatUsing chemicals stored in batteries Digestion of food

ACHELMSHEAT/THERMAL ENERGY- the energy that is

related to heat and the temperature of matter.

NOTE: The faster the particles move the more heat/thermal energy is generated.

Examples: The sun making you warm Fire Radiator

ACHELMSELECTRICAL ENERGY the energy of

electrically charged matter.

EXAMPLES: Energy traveling through a wire Lightning

ACHELMSLIGHT/RADIANT ENERGY the energy caused by the vibration of electrically charged atoms.

EXAMPLESVisible lightSunlight Electrical lightsX-rays Microwaves Ultraviolet light (UV rays)

ACHELMSMECHANICAL ENERGY-the energy of matter

that has potential and kinetic energy.

EXAMPLES: Living Organisms

KE when move PE from food

Cars KE when moving PE from gasoline (also chemical)

ACHELMS

SOUND ENERGY -the energy from the vibration of an object.

EXAMPLES: Guitar strings Vocal chords

ALL 7 Forms of Energy can be either POTENTIAL AND/OR

KINETIC

EXAMPLE:

A guitar string being pulled back is potential sound energy.

When the guitar string is released, it is changed to kinetic sound energy.

ENERGY CONVERSION- A change in one type of energy to another is called an energy conversion

Conversion also means transformation