Energy loss reduction initiatives for Distribution Networks

Amit Bhatiaabhatia@raychemrpg.com

Innovation at work

Energy Loss Stages

Conversion65%

Transmission2%

Distribution3%

India loses over 20%

Losses in LVDS

Energy Not

Supplied

Non-Technical

Losses

Technical Losses

Technical Losses

Low Power Quality

Harmonics

Poor Power Factor

Flicker & Transients

Frequency Variation

Transformer Losses

No Load Losses

Load Losses

I2R Losses

Connector Losses

Cable Losses

Non-Linear Loads

Inductive Loads

Insulator Leakages

Secondary Energy Sources

Improper Grounding

Eddy Current Losses

Hysteresis Losses

Dielectric Losses

Winding Losses

Stray Losses

Unbalance Harmonics

Peak Load Variance

Improper Installation /

Loose contacts

Insufficient Contact

Area

UnbalanceCable /

Conductor Overloading

Strand Loosening Undersized

cables/conductors

Peak Load Variance

Effects

Causes

I2R Losses

LV Loss Zones• Transformer Connections• ACB Connections• Feeder Pillar Connections• Distribution Box connections• Meter Connections• LV ABC Connections• D Loops / Binding wire

Service Connections

LVDS carries High Currents

Each Connection generates a heat loss

Every Connection

counts

Equipment ~Loss Per Annum With Conventional/ Existing Connection System

Loss / p.a. for 1000 Nos. population

Transformer 11kV/415 V( 1 MVA)

INR 55000 INR 5.50 Crs

ACB 2000A INR 13000 INR 1.3 CrsPG Clamp Dog to Dog INR 2000 INR 0.20 CrsTotal Annual Loss INR 7 Crs

Conventional connectors have high I Square R Losses

1 Unit = INR 5/-

Excludes Cost of equipment failure and revenue loss

Example

Transformer ConnectorShear Bolt Technology

Wedge Connectors

~80% Loss reduction* over

Conventional Connectors

* Source: Case Study: CR Values established in Delhi Utilities & SARI Report US AID

Loss Reduction InitiativesLow Resistance Connector Systems

LVDS: Non-Technical Losses

Non-Technical Losses

Metering Losses

Faulty Meters

Tampered Meters

CT / PT Errors

No DT Metering

No Energy Audits

Theft

Bare Conductors / LV ABC / Service cables

Transformers/ Distribution Boxes / FP / Meters

Billing Errors

Incorrect Billing

Defaulters unpunished

Effects

Causes

Theft of Electricity

• Direct Hooking on Bare OH / Transformers / Distribution Boxes• Nails/ Insulation Piercing Connectors on LV ABC / Service Cables• Energy Meter Bye Pass

Theft Reduction Initiatives

Co-Axial Power Cables

Anti Theft Cables & Connector Systems

Underground LT Feed Connection SystemsAntitheft Distribution Boxes

Plugin Meter Enclosures

Next Steps :- Three Stage Distribution ?

11kV / 1 kV / 0.415 kV

Thanks

abhatia@raychemrpg.com

Innovation at work