Embedded Systems for Beginners

Electro8

Agenda

• Session objectives• Computing systems overview• Embedded Systems!! .. What does it mean ??• Microprocessors and Microcontrollers• Micro-controllers and it's applications• How to start your Graduation ‘embedded

project’

Session Objectives

Computing systems overview

Computer sizes

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_computer_size_categories

Computer sizes

http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/SmartDust/

Computer functions

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classes_of_computers

Embedded systems.., what does it mean ?!

Embedded systems.., what does it mean ?!

• In Arabic ( مدمجه .( أنظمه• A control system designed using a micro-

computer to perform a specific tasks.• Consists of Mechanical parts in addition to

electrical.

Robotics…

Robotics…

Real life Examples

Example…

General Block Diagram

Microprocessorsand

Microcontrollers

Microprocessors

• In 1971 Intel 4004 microprocessor released

• and Intel 8008 in 1973

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor

Microprocessor system BD

http://files.myopera.com/vysakhtb/operamini/Image%20block%20diagram.jpg

Microcontrollers

• In 1977 Intel made the Myth … Intel 8048• MCS-48 family• They combined RAM and ROM on the same chip

ROM (read only memory) Types

• PROM - Programmable ROM• EPROM - Erasable PROM• EEPROM - Electrical EPROM• Flash memory

Intel MCS-51 family (8051)

• 8-bit ALU, Accumulator and 8-bit Registers• 8-bit data bus – It can access 8 bits of data in one operation• 16-bit address bus – It can access 216 memory locations –

64 KB (65536 locations) each of RAM and ROM• On-chip RAM – 128 bytes (data memory)• On-chip ROM – 4 kByte (program memory)• Four byte bi-directional input/output port• UART (serial port)• Two 16-bit Counter/timers• Two-level interrupt priority• Power saving mode (on some derivatives)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_MCS-51

PIC family

• Small instruction set to learn• Built in oscillator with selectable speeds• Easy entry level, in circuit programming plus in

circuit debugging units• Inexpensive microcontrollers• Wide range of interfaces

including I²C, SPI, USB, USART, A/D, programmable comparators, PWM, LIN, CAN, PSP, and Ethernet

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIC_microcontroller

PIC 16F877 Pin diagram

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIC_microcontroller

AVR family

• USB controller support• LCD controller support• Low-voltage devices operating down to 1.8 V• Watchdog timer (WDT)• 8-bit and 16-bit timers• Analog comparator• 10 or 12-bit A/D converters, with multiplex of up to 16 channels• 12-bit D/A converters

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmel_AVR

• Microprocessor– CPU is stand-alone,

RAM, ROM, I/O, timer are separated

– designer can decide on the amount of ROM, RAM and I/O ports.

– general-purpose– Ex. 8085,8086 mp,

Motorola 6800, Intel’s 8086

• Microcontroller– CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and

timer are all on a single chip

– fix amount of on-chip ROM, RAM, I/O ports

– single-purpose– Ex. 8051, PIC mc, Atmel,

Phillips

Microprocessor vs. microcontroller

Applications

What do you think ??Robotics automation security remote-sensing audio-mixers and moooooooooooooooooooooooreeeeeeee

How to start… ????!

• You need little hardware knowledge with your software.

• Select the family and chip according to your application.

• Learn how to program your device using its datasheet• Start to use its IDE and development tools and join the

embedded world .

How to start… with PIC????!

• PIC has its IDE (called MPLAP) used to write your code and debug it and to generate your .HEX file

• Download it from here http://www.microchip.com/stellent/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&nodeId=81

• Use the .Hex file to simulate your project, Proteus 7 is the best for this case

• Every thing goes in the right way ?? Burn the code to your chip and enjoy your project, you will need

a programmer in this step

MPLAB

Protus

How the .hex file looks????!

Thank you …

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