Post on 24-Jan-2020
el grupo carbonilo
el grupo carbonilo
Electron-‐suply to the carbonyl group
i) Nucleophilic a6ack
ii) By deprotona:on of a con:guous atom
pKa 3-‐5
pKa 16-‐18
tautomería
reac:vidad del grupo carbonilo
CLASE I
CLASE II
The pKa Values of the Conjugate Acids of the Leaving Groups of Carbonyl Compounds
The weaker the base, the be.er it is as a leaving group.
LUMO
HOMO
HOMO highest occupied molecular orbital LUMO lowest unoccupied molecular orbital
HOMO
LUMO
trayectoria de Bürgi-‐Dunitz
109 O
REACCIONES DE ALDEHIDOS Y CETONAS
Rela2ve Reac2vi2es of Carbonyl Compounds
efectos estéricos
How Aldehydes and Ketones React?
Aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition–elimination reactions with oxygen and nitrogen nucleophiles.
Reac2ons of Carbonyl Compounds with Hydride Ion
ejemplos
Reac:ons of Carbonyl Compounds with Carbon Nucleophiles
Reac2on with Acetylide Ions
Reac2on with Hydrogen Cyanide
Uso de los nitrilos
Reac:ons of Aldehydes and Ketones with Nitrogen Nucleophiles
Aldehydes and ketones react with a secondary amine to form an enamine
Addi2on of Secondary Amines