Elementary School Physical Education

Introduction

Elementary School Physical Education

Physical education is that part ofgeneral education that contributes to the total growthand developmentof each child primarily throughmovementexperiences.

Defined:

Physical Education Is Movement Education

►Through the body ►Of the body ►About the body

and its relationship to exercise

PE is Education

Physical Education Is Movement Education

►Through the body →

cognitive, affective and psychomotor goals are achieved using movement as the media of learning

PE is Education

Physical Education Is Movement Education

►Of the body →

learning to move skillfully and developing desirable levels of skill and health related fitness

PE is Education

Physical Education Is Movement Education

►About the body and its relationship to exercise →

learning principles of movement, how to exercise properly,

how to get and stay fit

PE is Education

Elementary School Physical Education

Physical education is that part of general education that contributes to the total growth and developmentof each child primarily through movement experiences. It is education of the child through the body, of the body, and about the body and its relationship to exercise.

Redefined:

Objectives of Physical Education

►UniqueMotor skills and movement competenceUnderstanding human movement principlesLifetime Activity skills

►SharedPersonal health & wellness skillsPositive social skills

Domains of Learning in PE

►Cognitive Domain – knowledge►Affective Domain - values, attitudes►Psychomotor Domain - motor skills,

movement competence, activity and sports skills (Skill- Related Fitness)Health-Related Fitness Domain - cardiovascular

fitness, flexibility, body composition, muscular strength and endurance

WHAT PHYS. ED., ...AiN’t!!

R E C E S S

R E C R E A T I O N

P H Y S I C A L F I T N E S S

A T H L E T I C S

Poem by Ambrose Brazelton

What Phys. Ed. Is!

An integral part of the learning process:

Focused on personalized growth and success:

Striving to enhance through instructional giving:

***Productive, efficient, harmonious living!!!

Poem by Ambrose Brazelton

Elementary School Physical Education

In North Carolina

Physical Education

►Specialists scheduled visits once a week / every two

weeks

►Classroom Teachers responsible for daily physical education

Taught By

North Carolina Elementary Physical Education Recommendations

►In the Basic Education Plan (BEP)►In the Healthful Living Standard Course of

Study►Required to the same extent as other

subjects►NC does not mandate any specific time for

any SCS subject in grades K-8 it is a local decision.

Physical Education is

North Carolina Elementary Physical Education Recommendations

►150 minutes per week = 30 minutes/day►Maximum daily - minimum 3 days/week►May be taught by specialist or classroom

teacher►NC recommends specialists teach minimum of

once a week►Routinely count recess and free play as PE►Some schools have eliminated PE from the

curriculum DESPITE state requirements

North Carolina Physical Education Problems

►Routinely count recess and free play as PE

►Some schools have eliminated PE from the curriculum DESPITE state requirements

►Some schools allow substitutions for PE (i.e., Marching Band, ROTC)

North CarolinaState Board of Education

Healthy Active Children Policy

http://sbepolicy.dpi.state.nc.us/policies/HSP-S-000.asp?pri=01&cat=S&pol=000&acr=HSP

Healthy Active Children Policy

►School Health Advisory Council to help plan, implement, and monitor

this policy composed of community and school

representatives from the eight areas of a coordinated school health program representatives and from the local health department and school administration

LEA Implementation

Coordinated School Health Programs

1. safe environment

2. physical education

3. health education

4. staff wellness

5. health services

6. mental and social health

7. nutrition services

8. parental/family involvement

Healthy Active Children Policy

►Department of Public Instructionshall notify each school district of the

availability of professional development opportunities and provide technical assistance in implementing coordinated school health programs at the local level

Coordinated School Health Programs

Healthy Active Children Policy

►To address issues such as overweight, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and Type II diabetes

►Requires students enrolled in PK-8to participate in physical activityas part of the physical education curriculum

Healthy Active Children Policy

Elementary schools should consider the benefits of having 150 minutes per week and middle schools should consider having 225 minutes per week of physical activity including a minimum of every other day of physical education throughout the school year.

Healthy Active Children Policy

Shall be the environment in which students learn, practice and are assessed on developmentally appropriate motor skills, social skills, and knowledge as defined in the North Carolina Healthful Living Standard Course of Study

Physical Education Course

Healthy Active Children Policy

PE classes should be the same size as other classes

Healthy Active Children Policy

►Structured recess and other physical activity shall not be taken away as a form of punishment

Recess

Healthy Active Children Policy

►Must involve physical exertion of at least a moderate intensity level and for a duration sufficient to provide a significant health benefit to students

Physical Activity

Healthy Active Children Policy

►Appropriate amounts of recess and physical activity shall be provided for students

Recess and Physical Activity

Healthy Active Children Policy

►Develop an action plan►Identify steps to fully implement the

policy by the 2006-2007 school year ►Including a review and appropriate

modifications of existing physical education and health curricula

LEA Implementation

Healthy Active Children Policy

►Action plans submitted to the DPI by July 15, 2004

►Progress reports submitted to the DPI by July 15, 2005 and 2006

►Beginning July 15, 2007 an annual report Include the minutes of physical education

and physical activity received by students in each school

LEA Implementation

Elementary School Physical Education

Historical Influences

Evolution of Elementary PE

►Several events shaped the development of today’s PE programs

► Public needs and concerns shape the direction of American Education

Historical Factors

Evolution of Elementary PE

►Middle of 1800s►Brought their programs to US with them►Gymnastics, games and calisthenics ►First scheduled PE programs established

German and Swiss Influence

Evolution of Elementary PE

►One-third of recruits were unfit to serve

►Training of soldiers focused on games and sportsMore effective than calisthenics

►Emphasis on PE spread to schoolsGames and sports programs

World War I

Evolution of Elementary PE

►Two of aims focused on PEHealthWorthy use of leisure time

►Schools mold social change►“Learning is doing”

John Dewey and Cardinal Aims of Education

Evolution of Elementary PE

►Focus on sports and gamesLittle attention to qualityElementary PE modeled after

secondary PE programs►When times got tough

Equipment hard to getPE seemed unimportant or eliminated

The Depression Era

Evolution of Elementary PE

►Research showed efficacy of physical activity on health

►Little effect on school PE programs

World War II

Evolution of Elementary PE

►Compared US children to European children on strength and flexibility

►The President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports was one result

►Today’s Physical Fitness Tests The President’s Challenge FitnessGram/Physical Best

Kraus-Webber Test (1954)

Evolution of Elementary PE

►Originated in England►An exploratory, problem solving approach to PE►Tendency to apply it to all phases of PE► It is a viable method, but not the only approach

Movement Education

Evolution of Elementary PE

►Grew out of concern for slow learners►Developmental delays responsible for poor

academic performance►Training senses through movement►Posture, balance, imaging, body part

recognition, time & space

Perceptual Motor Programs

Evolution of Elementary PE

►Perceptual motor programs were ineffective in improving academic performance

►Legacy is integration of perceptual-motor principles in learning motor skillsBoth sides of body, balance skills

Perceptual Motor Programs

Evolution of Elementary PE

► In the process of movement children learn conceptsLight/Heavy Fast/Slow High/Low

►NASPE’s “Basic Stuff” seriesCompilation of knowledge in PE sub-disciplines

► Integration into the PE curriculum

Conceptual Learning

Evolution of Elementary PE

►Receiving more attention in the schools►Moral education, Substance abuse, AIDS

awareness►Controversy surrounds such issues

Values and Attitude Development

Evolution of Elementary PE

►Equal educational opportunity to both sexes

►Huge impact on PE in secondary schools

►Co-ed PE classes mandated►Lesser impact on elementary PE

Lessened gender stereotyping

Title IXEducational Amendments Act of 1972

Evolution of Elementary PE

►PL 94-142: Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1973

► IDEA: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990 Free, public, appropriate education Least restrictive environment Individual Education Program

►There are problems/challenges involved

Equal Rights for Disabled

Evolution of Elementary PE

►Today’s PE teachers teach more than just fitness, games and skills

►Wellness is a total state of well-being►Teach concepts related to:

Fitness for life, movement mechanics, etc

Health and Wellness

Evolution of Elementary PE

►“A Nation at Risk” (1983) Did not mention PE

►Return to the “3 Rs”►Drop PE and the arts from the curriculum►Started the accountability trend►Emphasis on testing

“Back to Basics” Schools

Evolution ofElementary PE

►The fitness emphasis in schools started by Kraus-Weber declined in 1970s and early 1980s

►While school programs declined we learned more about benefits of physical activity

►Fitness Boom of the 1970s and early 1980s left lots of people out

Health-RelatedFitness Resurgence

Evolution ofElementary PE

►Schools and school children were left out of the fitness boom

Health-RelatedFitness Resurgence

Who Benefited Most?

►Whites more than Asians, Hispanics, blacks►College grads more than high school grads►Men more than women►Rich more than poor►Young and middle age adults more than elderly,

children, youths, and teens

Is there a socioeconomic link?

A Series of National Reports

Reveals Alarming Trends

Physical Activity Becomes a National Health Priority

Or Does It?

Healthy People 2000

►In 1990, the Department of Health and Human Services released Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives, a strategy for improving the health of Americans by the end of the century. www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/otheract/hp2000/h

p2000.htm

Surgeon General’s Report

►Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General 1996 www.fitness.gov/exe

csum.htm www.cdc.gov/nccdph

p/sgr/sgr.htm

Healthy People 2010

► In January 2000, the Department of Health and Human Services launched Healthy People 2010, a comprehensive, nationwide health promotion and disease prevention agenda. www.healthypeople.gov/ www.healthypeople.gov/d

ocument/HTML/Volume2/22Physical.htm

A Report to the President

► Promoting Better Health for Young People Through Physical Activity and Sports: A Report to the President from the Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Secretary of Education November 2000 www.cdc.gov/HealthyYou

th/physicalactivity/promoting_health/introduction.htm

Surgeon General’s Call To Action

►The Surgeon General's Call To Action To Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity January, 2001 www.surgeongeneral.g

ov/topics/obesity/default.htm

What’s Happening Now?

Where are we going?

What’s Happening Now?

Good Things... and Bad Things

Leadership is Needed

Who Will Lead us?

Organizations Affecting H&PE

►AAHPERDAmerican Alliance for Health, Physical

Education, Recreation and DanceAlliance of 6 national associations6 districts, state alliances

• Southern District AHPERD

Organizations Affecting H&PE

►NCAAHPERDNorth Carolina Alliance for Athletics, Health,

Physical Education, Recreation and Dance

Organizations Affecting H&PE

►NASPENational Association for Sport and

Physical Educationan AAHPERD association

Organizations Affecting H&PE

►COPECCouncil on Physical Education for

Childrena NASPE council

Organizations Affecting H&PE

►AAHEAmerican Association for

Health Educationan AAHPERD association

Organizations Affecting H&PE

►American Heart Association Jump Rope for

Heart, Hoops for Heart

►PE4Lifewww.pe4life.com

Organizations Affecting H&PE

►American Academy of Pediatrics Strong supporters of physical education

for children Published a number of policy statements

supporting quality physical education programs in schools

Health-Related Fitness programs over traditional team sports programs

Elementary School Physical Education

Introduction

The End