Social Problems, 13eD. Stanley EitzenMaxine Baca ZinnKelly Eitzen Smith

Chapter 18National Security in the Twenty-First Century

National Security in the Twenty-First Century

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Learning Objectives

18.1 Describe the defense budget of the U.S. military and the size, strength, and cost of the U.S. military.

18.2 Understand the global threat of nuclear weapons to the United States.

18.3 Understand threats of domestic and international terrorism.

18.4 Understand the consequences of the United States' invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq.

18.5 Discuss the changes in warfare in the twenty- first century.

18.1 - The U.S. Military Establishment

• The Size of the U.S. Military

• The Cost of Maintaining U.S. Military Superiority

LO 18.1 - The Size of the U.S. Military

• The U.S. military is enormous:– Active-duty military personnel number over

1.4 million– There are 848,000 members of the guard and

reserve– They operate 865 bases and other facilities in

135 nations– The Pentagon is one of the world's largest

office buildings

LO 18.1 - The Cost of Maintaining U.S. Military Superiority

• The 2012 defense budget: $741 billion

• Why so much money?– Ongoing fear of nuclear weapons– Unsafe world with weapons of mass

destruction– Defense spending brings profits to

corporations– No one will challenge us

LO 18.1

LO 18.1

The defense budget is actually a/an __________ of how much is spent related to national security, veterans, research, and other military expenditures.

A. overestimate

B. underestimate

C. exact

D. educated guess

LO 18.1

The defense budget is actually a/an __________ of how much is spent related to national security, veterans, research, and other military expenditures.

A. overestimate

B. underestimate

C. exact

D. educated guess

LO 18.1

The United States spends more on national security than any other nation.

A. True

B. False

LO 18.1

The United States spends more on national security than any other nation.

A. True

B. False

18.2 - The Threat of Nuclear Weapons

• Nuclear weapons involve the most destructive technology on Earth

• 40 countries have the capability to develop nuclear weapons

LO 18.2

Nuclear weapons are the most __________ technology on Earth.

A. available

B. expensive

C. destructive

D. sustainable

LO 18.2

Nuclear weapons are the most __________ technology on Earth.

A. available

B. expensive

C. destructive

D. sustainable

LO 18.2

The United States and Russia control over 90 percent of the world's nuclear weapons.

A. True

B. False

LO 18.2

The United States and Russia control over 90 percent of the world's nuclear weapons.

A. True

B. False

18.3 - The Terrorism Threat

• Terrorism

• Domestic Terrorism

• International Terrorism

LO 18.3 – Terrorism

• Terrorist acts are political acts

• Asymmetric warfare

• Terrorism is a social construction

LO 18.3 - Domestic Terrorism

• The history of the United States is full of dissident groups that have used violence and aggression

– The Patriot Movement

– The Tea Party Movement

LO 18.3 - International Terrorism

• The context for international terrorist activity in today's world varies – Separation and independence– Rival religious groups

• Globalization makes nations vulnerable to attacks

LO 18.3

LO 18.3

LO 18.3

Terrorist tactics are typically __________, using whatever is cheap and available to harm a more powerful opponent.

A. centralized

B. asymmetric

C. religious

D. sectarian

LO 18.3

Terrorist tactics are typically __________, using whatever is cheap and available to harm a more powerful opponent.

A. centralized

B. asymmetric

C. religious

D. sectarian

LO 18.3

Globalization makes countries more vulnerable to terrorist attacks.

A. True

B. False

LO 18.3

Globalization makes countries more vulnerable to terrorist attacks.

A. True

B. False

18.4 – U.S. National Security and the War on Terror

• Prelude to the War on Terror

• The Precipitating Event

• A Rush to War

• The War in Iraq

• The Afghanistan War

• The Costs of the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars

• The Legacy of the Wars

LO 18.4 - Prelude to the War on Terror

• The 9/11 attacks were not born on that day

• The attacks began in the mid-1980s

LO 18.4 - The Precipitating Event

• The morning of September 11, 2001, four commercial jets were hijacked– Two planes hit the World Trade Center– One plane hit the Pentagon– One plane crashed in rural PA

The events of September 11, 2001, changed the course of history.

LO 18.4

LO 18.4 - A Rush to War

• A War Like No Other

• The War in Afghanistan

• The Bush Doctrine– The Line in the Sand– Unbounded U.S. Military Superiority– Unilateral Preventive War and Regime

Change– The Spread of Democracy

LO 18.4 - Explorer Activity: War and Terrorism: The War on Terror and Those Who Fight It

http://www.socialexplorer.com/pearson/plink.aspx?dest=http%3a%2f%2fwww.socialexplorer.com%2fSpiceMap%2f%3fv%3d2c27d6c704ba475f

Please log into MySocLab with your username and password before accessing this link.

LO 18.4 - The War in Iraq

• Justifications used for war:– Saddam Hussein was guilty of mass murder– Alleged gathering of weapons of mass

destruction– Connection between Hussein and al-Qaeda

• Was the war justified?

LO 18.4 - The Afghanistan War

• President Obama increased U.S. military presence briefly in Afghanistan – Plan to withdraw troops by 2014

• Civil war is likely to continue

LO 18.4 - The Costs of the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars

• Loss of Human Life

• The Injured

• The Displaced

• Monetary Costs

More than 80,000 troops were injured or wounded in the Iraq War.

LO 18.4

LO 18.4 - Video: NYC Terrorist Plot

http://abavtooldev.pearsoncmg.com/sbx_videoplayer_v2/simpleviewer.php?projectID=APcontent&clipID=nyc_terrorist_plot.flv&ui=2

LO 18.4 - The Legacy of the Wars

• The Effort Is Successful

• Iraqis and Afghans Turn Against the United States

• The Sunni–Shiite Schism

• Loss of U.S. Image

• Inhumane Treatment

• Erosion of Civil Liberties

LO 18.4

The monetary costs of the wars far exceeded expectations; in addition, the wars __________.

A. drained resources from social programs

B. perpetuated urban blight

C. offered opportunities for citizens

D. created a divide among Republicans

LO 18.4

The monetary costs of the wars far exceeded expectations; in addition, the wars __________.

A. drained resources from social programs

B. perpetuated urban blight

C. offered opportunities for citizens

D. created a divide among Republicans

LO 18.4

September 11, 2001, marked the start of problems with the Taliban and al-Qaeda.

A. True

B. False

LO 18.4

September 11, 2001, marked the start of problems with the Taliban and al-Qaeda.

A. True

B. False

18.5 - Twenty-First Century Warfare

• War has changed

• Volunteer military from mostly lower-class backgrounds

• Resources

• Drone strikes and presidential power

• National security threats have changed

Stealth attacks by drones have assassinated suspected terrorist leaders, but their collateral damage has also killed innocents, leading to increased support for terrorists in their war against the United States.

LO 18.5

LO 18.5

The all-volunteer U.S. military __________ the lower and working class.

A. greatly benefits

B. effectively equips

C. disproportionately represents

D. intentionally portrays

LO 18.5

The all-volunteer U.S. military __________ the lower and working class.

A. greatly benefits

B. effectively equips

C. disproportionately represents

D. intentionally portrays

LO 18.5

The president is able to bypass Congress in ordering drone strikes.

A. True

B. False

LO 18.5

The president is able to bypass Congress in ordering drone strikes.

A. True

B. False

LO 18.5 Question for Discussion

Discuss the precursors, evolution, and ending of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.