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description
Eight genes that make us brainiacsGenes and Human
郭承玉 5130719039
introduction
Eight genes that make us brainiacs
Brain Structurenucleus accumbens, caudate, putamen, pallidum, amygdala, hippocampus and thalamus
Brain Structure
Nucleus accumbens
The nucleus accumbens has a significant role in the cognitive processing of aversion, motivation, pleasure, reward and reinforcement learning
Caudate
The caudate nucleus constitutes a system that is responsible largely for voluntary movement.[1] Parkinson's disease
The main function of the putamen is to regulate movements and influence various types of learning.Parkinson's disease
Putamen
Thalamus
Some of its functions are the relaying of sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex and the regulation of consciousness, sleep, and alertness.
Brain Structure
To perform a primary role in the processing of memory, decision-making, and emotional reactions
Amygdala
HippocampusIt plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory and spatial navigation. Alzheimer's disease oxygen starvation (hypoxia), encephalitis, or medial temporal lobe epilepsy
Brain Structure
The nucleus accumbens has a significant role in the cognitive processing of aversion, motivation, pleasure, reward and reinforcement learning
Nucleus accumbens
Pallidus
The globus pallidus is a major component of the basal ganglia core along with the striatum and its direct target, the substantia nigra.
Brain Structure
Common genetic variants influence brain structure
univariate
Univariate
65%
univariateThe genome-wide significant variants identified
here showed specific effects on single brain structures rather than pleiotropic effects across
multiple structures
Common genetic variants influence brain structure
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Trait Marker Gene Protein functionPutamen rs945270 KTN1 kinectin a receptor that allows vesicle bindi
ng to kinesin and is involved in organelle transport.
Putamen rs62097986
DCC netrin a receptor involved in axon guidance and migration, including in the developing striatum.
Putamen rs6087771
BCL2L1 an anti-apoptotic factor
inhibits programmed cell death of immature neurons throughout the brain
Putamen rs683250 DLG2 postsynaptic density 93 (PSD-93) protein
a membrane-associated guanylate kinase involved in organizing channels in the postsynaptic density
Common genetic variants influence brain structure
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Trait Marker Gene Protein functionHippocampus rs779563
14HRK HRK
proteinActivator of apoptosis Hrk regulates apoptosis through interaction with death-repressor proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L).
Hippocampus rs62097986
MSRB3
MSRB3protein
The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the reduction of methionine sulfoxide to methionine.
Caudate rs1318862
FAT3 cadherin specifically expressed in the nervous system during embryonic development that influences neuronal morphology through cell–cell interactions
ICV rs17689882
CRHR1
tags the chromosome 17q21 inversion
References
natureCommon genetic variants influence human subcortical brain structures Nature 520, 224–229 (09 April 2015) doi:10.1038/nature14101 Received 17 April 2014 Accepted 19 November 2014 Published online 21 January 2015
1ScienceEight genes that make us brainiacsBy Elizabeth Pennisi 21 January 2015 1:00 pmScience| DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa6373
2MIT Technology ReviewCrowdsourcing Study of 30,000 Images Connects Genes to Brain SizeBy Antonio Regalado on January 21, 2015
3Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianucleus accumbens, caudate, putamen, pallidum, amygdala, hippocampus and thalamus
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郭承玉 5130719039