Post on 16-Apr-2020
Effects Of Nationalism1. Empires were broken up
A. Ottoman Empire
B. Austro Hungarian Empire
2. Nations Were Unified
A. Italian Unification
B. German Unification
Italian Unification
0Italy in the 1800s
0Divided into many parts
0Some independent kingdoms
0Some Parts were occupied by Austria-Hungary
0Some parts under French Control
0Some Parts were under the control of the Pope
including Rome
Italian Unification – Leaders’ Role
0Giuseppe Mazzini – Intellectual
0Provided ideas for Italian Unification
0Wrote and spoke about the virtues of
unification
0Formed an organization, Young Italy
0He was exiled by the Austrians
Italian Unification – Leaders’ Role
0Count Camillo De Cavour
0Prime Minister of the State of Sardinia
0Formed Alliances with French and Prussia
0Fought the Austrians to liberate Northern Italy and unify it
0Giuseppe Garibaldi
0Military leader who gained control of Southern Italy
0His forces and Cavour’s forces created Unified Italy
German Unification
0In the early 1800s Germany was divided into many states
0Austria and Prussia were two strong German States
01815 Germans called for unification
0Austria’s Foreign Minister Metternich in the Congress of Vienna blocked that
Rise of Prussia & German Unification01830 Prussia set up a trade union among German
states, called Zollverein
0 It ended trade barrier
0King Wilhelm I of Prussia appointed Otto Von Bismarck
as Prussia’s Chancellor in 1862.
0Bismarck followed a policy of Realpolitik
0He believed in “Iron & Blood” policy.
0Bismarck followed a policy of war to increase Prussia’s status among Germans
0Danish War – 1864: With Austrian Alliance he gained land from Denmark
0Austro-Prussian War – 1866: In seven weeks Prussia overwhelmed Austria and gained land from northern Germany creating a Confederation
0Franco-Prussian War – 1870: Prussia with other German allies defeated France and united into one German state in 1871
Homework
0 Questions 1, 2, 5 and 7 on page 603.
Turkish Nationalism
Young Turks’ Movement started during the late
1800s
European powers called Ottoman Empire as “Sick Man of Europe”
Ottoman Defeat in World War I caused western
powers to occupy many areas in turkey.
Mustafa Kemal led the nationalist movement.
Turkish Nationalism
❖He overthrow the Sultan, defeated the
occupation forces and declared Turkey
a republic.
❖He assumed the title Ataturk and
instituted reform.
Kemalist Reforms❖Islamic Law was replaced with European style
law code.
❖Islamic Calendar was replaced with Gregorian
calendar.
❖People were required to wear western dress.
❖Muslim Women were not to wear head cover.
❖Turkish language was to be written with Latin
alphabet instead of Arabic.
Iranian Nationalism▪ In 1925 Reza Khan overthrew the Shah of Iran.
▪He later assumed the title of Shah and established a
dynasty called the Pahlavi Dynasty – Reza Shah
Pahlavi
▪He tried to modernize and industrialize Iran.
▪He was not very successful in social reform.
▪He did establish western educational system.
Arab Nationalism▪Pan Arabism grew during the 1920s.
▪This was started during world war I.
▪The allied power occupied Arab Countries as mandates of the League of Nations after World War – I.
▪Europeans Created the borders of the Middle Eastern State.
▪Lord Balfour later declared the division of palestine into an Arab State and a Jewish State.
Other Nationalist Movements0Zionism:
0 Jewish Nationalist movement of 1890s led by Theodre Herzl to create a national homeland for the Jewish People.
0 They became successful with the establishment of Israel.
0 Indian Nationalism0 Indian National Congress in 1885 to demand equal rights for
Natives
0 All India Muslim League in 1905 to Protect Muslim rights in India
Homework
Questions: 1, 2, 5 and 7 on page 785