Teac

her’

s ex

curs

ion

chec

klis

tPl

anni

ng y

our v

isit

• Lo

g on

to w

ww

.aw

m.g

ov.a

u/ed

ucat

ion

and

choo

se th

e

curr

icul

um-b

ased

pro

gram

that

bes

t sui

ts th

e ne

eds

of y

our

stud

ents

. Mak

e su

re y

ou a

dvis

e yo

ur to

ur o

pera

tor o

f you

r pr

efer

ence

.

• B

ook

your

vis

it on

line

and

reco

rd y

our b

ooki

ng re

fere

nce

num

ber.

For y

our s

choo

l pas

swor

d, p

leas

e em

ail t

he M

emor

ial’s

Edu

catio

n B

ooki

ngs

Offi

cer:

scho

ol.b

ooki

ngs@

awm

.gov

.au.

• En

sure

that

ther

e w

ill b

e ad

equa

te s

uper

visi

on b

y te

ache

rs a

nd

othe

r acc

ompa

nyin

g ad

ults

: one

sup

ervi

sing

adu

lt is

to a

ccom

pany

ea

ch g

roup

of 1

5 st

uden

ts.

Prep

arin

g yo

ur s

tude

nts

• Ta

lk to

you

r gro

up a

bout

app

ropr

iate

beh

avio

ur fo

r a n

atio

nal

plac

e of

com

mem

orat

ion.

• Li

nk y

our c

lass

room

act

iviti

es to

you

r upc

omin

g vi

sit.

(S

ee w

ww

.aw

m.g

ov.a

u/ed

ucat

ion

for s

ome

idea

s an

d re

sour

ces.

)

Dur

ing

your

vis

itPl

ease

ent

er th

e M

emor

ial v

ia th

e sc

hool

s’ e

ntra

nce,

whi

ch c

an b

e fo

und

on th

e m

ap o

n th

e M

emor

ial’s

web

site

. Bot

tled

wat

er a

nd

cam

eras

are

per

mitt

ed in

the

galle

ries

but p

leas

e re

mem

ber t

o le

ave

all s

choo

l bag

s on

the

bus.

All

bags

ent

erin

g th

e M

emor

ial m

ust b

e op

ened

for i

nspe

ctio

n by

sec

urity

.

• B

ring

your

PA

CER

pap

erw

ork

for v

alid

atio

n an

d st

ampi

ng.

• St

uden

ts a

re to

rem

ain

with

sup

ervi

sors

at a

ll tim

es w

hen

insi

de

the

Mem

oria

l.

Ade

la P

ankh

urst

was

the

orga

nise

r of t

he

Wom

en’s

Pea

ce A

rmy,

whi

ch c

alle

d fo

r the

ab

oliti

on o

f con

scrip

tion

and

mili

taris

m

with

the

mot

to: “

we

war

aga

inst

war

”.

They

oft

en o

pene

d m

eetin

gs w

ith a

wel

l-kn

own

anti-

war

son

g, w

hich

was

out

law

ed

unde

r war

pre

caut

ions

regu

latio

ns:

I did

n’t r

aise

my

son

to b

e a

sold

ier,

I b

roug

ht h

im u

p to

be

my

prid

e an

d

joy,

Who

dar

es to

put

a m

uske

t on

hi

s sh

ould

er, T

o ki

ll so

me

othe

r m

othe

r’s

darl

ing

boy?

“Ant

i-ev

eryt

hing

Ade

la: w

hy n

ot in

tern

her

?”, G

raph

ic o

f Aus

tral

ia,

24 M

arch

191

6, p

. 3, v

ia T

rove

, Nat

iona

l Lib

rary

of A

ustr

alia

D

anie

l Man

nix

was

the

Cat

holic

Arc

hbis

hop

of M

elbo

urne

an

d w

as in

volv

ed in

ant

i-con

scrip

tion

cam

paig

ns a

gain

st

the

1916

and

1917

refe

rend

a. H

e sa

id:

I hop

e an

d be

lieve

that

pea

ce c

an b

e se

cure

d w

itho

ut

cons

crip

tion

. For

con

scri

ptio

n is

a h

atef

ul th

ing,

and

it

is a

lmos

t cer

tain

to b

ring

evi

l in

its

trai

n.“A

nti-

cons

crip

tion

”, T

he A

rgus

, 18

Sept

embe

r 19

16, p

. 6

Con

trar

y to

pop

ular

bel

ief,

serv

ing

sold

iers

vot

ed in

favo

ur o

f co

nscr

iptio

n by

a s

light

mar

gin

in b

oth

the

1916

and

1917

refe

rend

a.

Man

y fe

lt th

at c

onsc

riptio

n w

as a

way

to m

ake

othe

rs “d

o th

eir b

it”.

In A

ugus

t 191

5 Pr

ivat

e Ja

ck J

ense

n w

rote

in a

lett

er to

his

Aun

t H

anna

h:

I wou

ld n

ot li

ke to

be

sent

bac

k to

Aus

tral

ia b

efor

e th

e w

ar is

ove

r.

You

see

so m

any

goin

g ab

out w

ho w

ill n

ot e

nlis

t and

the

excu

ses

they

gi

ve w

ould

mak

e yo

ur h

air t

urn

grey

… T

hese

sor

t of m

en m

ake

you

feel

ash

amed

“Con

scri

ptio

n: c

onsc

ript

ion

duri

ng W

orld

War

One

”, S

A M

emor

y, S

tate

Li

brar

y of

Sou

th A

ustr

alia

, htt

p://

ww

w.s

amem

ory.

sa.g

ov.a

u/si

te/p

age.

cfm

?u=1

022

Will

iam

Hug

hes

was

Prim

e M

inis

ter o

f Aus

tral

ia

from

1915

to 19

23. H

e tr

ied

twic

e un

succ

essf

ully

to

intr

oduc

e co

nscr

iptio

n du

ring

the

Firs

t Wor

ld

War

. In

1916

he

proc

laim

ed to

the

Labo

r Par

ty

Cau

cus:

Don

’t le

ave

the

boys

in th

e tr

ench

es. D

on’t

see

th

em b

utch

ered

. Don

’t le

ave

them

bel

ow th

eir

stre

ngth

or y

ou w

ill c

over

Aus

tral

ia w

ith

sham

e.“C

onsc

ript

ion

duri

ng t

he F

irst

Wor

ld W

ar”,

Mus

eum

of

Aus

tral

ian

Dem

ocra

cy, h

ttp:

//bi

llyhu

ghes

.m

oado

ph.g

ov.a

u/co

nscr

ipti

on.

Gra

ce W

ilson

join

ed th

e A

ustr

alia

n A

rmy

Nur

sing

Ser

vice

in 19

14. S

he a

rriv

ed o

n Le

mno

s in

ear

ly A

ugus

t 191

5, ju

st d

ays

afte

r lea

rnin

g of

th

e de

ath

of h

er b

roth

er o

n G

allip

oli.

In a

lett

er

to h

er s

iste

r Min

nie

on 6

Aug

ust 1

915

she

wro

te:

My

opin

ion

of a

ny m

an w

ho s

tays

unl

ess

abso

lute

ly p

reve

nted

from

goi

ng is

n’t m

uch

(tha

t is

to s

ay u

nmar

ried

men

) …

sev

eral

w

ound

ed m

en s

aid

to m

e “y

ou d

on’t

kno

w

wha

t we

say

abou

t the

cha

ps w

ho c

ould

co

me

and

won

’t o

r don

’t …

” A

WM

3D

RL/

7819

The

wor

st y

ear

In A

ustr

alia

’s w

ar h

isto

ry th

ere

is n

o ye

ar m

ore

trag

ic th

an 1

917

…

the

year

beg

an in

the

mud

dy fr

ozen

tren

ches

of t

he S

omm

e an

d

ende

d in

the

slim

y bo

g le

adin

g up

to th

e B

elgi

an v

illag

e of

Pa

ssch

enda

ele.

Man

y di

d no

t sur

vive

; the

re w

ere

20,0

00

dea

d

amon

g th

e 77

,00

0 A

ustr

alia

ns w

ho b

ecam

e ca

sual

ties

.

Pete

r B

urne

ss, B

apau

me

and

Bul

leco

urt:

Aus

tral

ians

on

the

Wes

tern

Fron

t – 19

17, D

epar

tmen

t of

Vet

eran

s’ A

ffai

rs, 2

010

.

In e

arly

1917

vic

tory

see

med

now

here

in s

ight

for t

he A

ustr

alia

ns.

But

in th

e sp

ring

ther

e w

as a

bre

ak in

the

stal

emat

e w

hen

they

pu

rsue

d th

e G

erm

ans

beyo

nd th

e So

mm

e re

gion

and

up

to th

e H

inde

nbur

g Li

ne. T

his

was

the

last

and

str

onge

st o

f the

Ger

man

ar

my’

s w

ell-d

efen

ded

tren

ch s

yste

ms,

nam

ed a

fter

the

mos

t fam

ous

of th

e G

erm

an c

omm

ande

rs. I

nten

se a

nd c

ostly

figh

ting

arou

nd th

e vi

llage

of B

ulle

cour

t fol

low

ed.

Bul

leco

urt,

mor

e th

an a

ny o

ther

bat

tle,

sho

ok th

e co

nfide

nce

of

Aus

tral

ian

sold

iers

in th

e ca

paci

ty o

f the

Bri

tish

com

man

d; th

e er

rors

, es

peci

ally

on

Apr

il 10

th a

nd 1

1th,

wer

e ob

viou

s to

alm

ost e

very

one.

Cha

rles

Bea

n, o

ffici

al w

ar h

isto

rian

The

orde

r for

the

4th

Aus

tral

ian

Div

isio

n to

att

ack

the

Hin

denb

urg

Line

nea

r Bul

leco

urt o

n 10

Apr

il 19

17 c

ame

as a

sur

pris

e, a

s th

ere

was

a s

hort

age

of a

rtill

ery

for s

uppo

rt. I

nste

ad, a

doz

en ta

nks

wer

e pr

omis

ed, b

ut th

ese

faile

d to

arr

ive.

A fr

esh

atte

mpt

was

mad

e ne

xt

mor

ning

, and

this

tim

e th

e ta

nks

wer

e la

te. A

dvan

cing

acr

oss

the

open

, sno

w-d

uste

d fie

lds

with

too

little

sup

port

, the

infa

ntry

men

ran

thro

ugh

a ha

il of

mac

hine

-gun

and

art

iller

y fir

e. It

tore

thro

ugh

them

. O

nce

they

reac

hed

the

enem

y’s

tren

ches

, vic

ious

figh

ting

follo

wed

w

ith b

ombs

and

bay

onet

s. S

oon

amm

uniti

on b

ecam

e lo

w, t

anks

wer

e bu

rnin

g on

the

batt

lefie

ld, a

nd th

e G

erm

ans

wer

e co

unte

r-at

tack

ing.

In

the

end

the

surv

ivor

s w

ere

forc

ed to

with

draw

to th

eir o

wn

lines

.

The

atta

ck h

ad b

een

a co

stly

dis

aste

r: 2,

339

men

out

of 3

,00

0 fr

om

the

4th

Brig

ade

wer

e ki

lled,

wou

nded

, or t

aken

pris

oner

; the

12th

B

rigad

e ha

d 95

0 c

asua

lties

, abo

ut h

alf o

f its

str

engt

h; a

nd m

ore

than

1,1

70 A

ustr

alia

ns h

ad b

een

take

n pr

ison

er. O

n 3

May

the

Aus

tral

ians

tr

ied

agai

n, th

is ti

me

with

art

iller

y su

ppor

t, an

d af

ter a

fort

nigh

t –

suff

erin

g ev

en g

reat

er lo

sses

– th

ey w

ere

final

ly s

ucce

ssfu

l in

taki

ng

this

por

tion

of th

e H

inde

nbur

g Li

ne.

I hop

e th

e w

ar w

ill s

oon

stop

now

for i

t is

sapp

ing

out t

he

best

of m

en a

nd a

ll th

at is

bea

utif

ul in

civ

ilise

d lif

e.

Lieu

tena

nt W

ilfre

d B

arlo

w, 5

8th

Bat

talio

n, 2

Mar

ch 1

917

With

the

exha

uste

d Fr

ench

arm

y in

turm

oil,

the

Brit

ish

assu

med

a

grea

ter r

ole

on th

e W

este

rn F

ront

. In

the

seco

nd h

alf o

f the

yea

r the

y be

gan

to c

once

ntra

te th

eir fi

ghtin

g ef

fort

s ar

ound

Ypr

es in

Bel

gium

. A

ll fiv

e A

ustr

alia

n di

visi

ons,

toge

ther

with

the

New

Zea

land

Div

isio

n,

foug

ht in

the

serie

s of

bat

tles

know

n as

the

Third

Bat

tle o

f Ypr

es, a

m

ajor

cam

paig

n th

at w

ould

bec

ome

best

kno

wn

by th

e na

me

of it

s ob

ject

ive:

Pas

sche

ndae

le.

The

cam

paig

n w

as la

unch

ed o

n 31

Jul

y 19

17 a

nd la

sted

unt

il N

ovem

ber.

The

Aus

tral

ians

and

New

Zea

land

ers

wer

e in

volv

ed

betw

een

Sept

embe

r and

the

end

of th

e ca

mpa

ign.

The

y to

ok p

art

in s

ome

of th

e m

ost n

otab

le a

ctio

ns, i

nclu

ding

the

batt

les

of M

enin

R

oad,

Pol

ygon

Woo

d, a

nd B

rood

sein

de R

idge

. The

infa

ntry

, with

Jeru

sale

m b

y C

hris

tmas

Th

ey ro

de, v

ery

dust

y an

d un

shav

ed, t

heir

big

hat

s ba

tter

ed a

nd

droo

ping

, thr

ough

[D

amas

cus]

wit

h th

e sa

me

easy

, cas

ual b

eari

ng,

and

the

sam

e se

lf-c

onfi

denc

e th

at a

re th

eir d

isti

ncti

ve c

hara

cter

isti

cs

on th

eir c

ount

ry tr

acks

at h

ome.

Hen

ry G

ulle

tt, A

ustr

alia

n of

ficia

l war

cor

resp

onde

nt, 1

919

Early

in 19

17 th

e B

ritis

h ad

vanc

ed in

to T

urki

sh P

ales

tine

with

Gaz

a as

an

imm

edia

te g

oal.

Aft

er tw

o fa

iled

atta

cks,

Gen

eral

Sir

Edm

und

Alle

nby

was

sen

t fro

m F

ranc

e to

take

con

trol

, and

soo

n m

ore

men

, gu

ns, a

nd e

quip

men

t arr

ived

. Pow

erfu

lly b

uilt

and

know

n as

“B

ull”,

A

llenb

y re

vive

d th

e Eg

yptia

n Ex

pedi

tiona

ry F

orce

. The

Aus

tral

ians

w

ere

to p

lay

an im

port

ant p

art i

n hi

s pl

ans.

On

31 O

ctob

er th

e lig

ht h

orse

cap

ture

d B

eers

heba

in a

cha

rge

that

en

able

d G

aza

to b

e ta

ken

soon

aft

erw

ards

. It w

as a

n im

port

ant

achi

evem

ent t

hat c

ame

as B

ritis

h fo

rtun

es o

n th

e W

este

rn F

ront

w

ere

at a

low

poi

nt. B

ritis

h Pr

ime

Min

iste

r Dav

id L

loyd

Geo

rge

w

ante

d a

mor

ale-

boos

ting

vict

ory

in ti

me

for

Chr

istm

as. T

he A

ustr

alia

n M

ount

ed D

ivis

ion

was

w

ith A

llenb

y’s

adva

nce,

w

hich

took

Jer

usal

em o

n 9

Dec

embe

r. Th

e pr

ime

min

iste

r got

his

Chr

istm

as

pres

ent,

and

the

light

ho

rse

got t

he c

hanc

e

for a

goo

d re

st.

Educ

atio

n at

the

Aus

tral

ian

War

Mem

oria

l Fo

llow

us

on F

aceb

ook

for m

ore

lear

ning

re

sour

ces,

cha

lleng

es, a

nd d

iscu

ssio

n.

Col

lect

ion

item

s on

fron

t cov

er (

left

to ri

ght)

: AW

M R

C0

0336

, AW

M R

EL/1

1285

.00

4, A

WM

E0

0371

, AW

M R

C0

030

5,

AWM

REL

/112

85.0

02, R

ELAW

M0

054

8.

Jam

es F

. Sco

tt, B

attl

e sc

ene

(191

9, o

il on

can

vas,

143

x 1

94.2

cm

)

AW

M A

RT0

3419

This

pai

ntin

g de

pict

s th

e at

tack

by

the

16th

Bat

talio

n at

Bul

leco

urt

on

11 A

pril

1917

. A s

econ

d ve

rsio

n of

the

pai

ntin

g w

as p

rese

nted

to

the

villa

ge

of B

ulle

cour

t in

198

8. T

he p

eopl

e of

the

vill

age

have

com

mem

orat

ed t

he

Aus

tral

ian

sold

iers

in A

nzac

Day

cer

emon

ies

sinc

e 19

17.

Wha

t is

goin

g on

in th

is p

aint

ing?

Why

do

you

thin

k th

e pe

ople

of

Bul

leco

urt s

till

com

mem

orat

e th

e sa

crifi

ce o

f Aus

tral

ian

sold

iers

toda

y?

The

stor

y be

hind

the

phot

ogra

phIn

the

phot

ogra

ph o

n th

e co

ver,

mem

bers

of t

he 3

0th

Bat

talio

n m

ake

thei

r way

alo

ng a

str

eet o

f bur

ning

ruin

s in

Bap

aum

e, F

ranc

e, o

n th

e da

y of

its

occu

patio

n by

Aus

tral

ian

troo

ps, 1

7 M

arch

1917

.

The

man

on

the

left

in th

e fo

regr

ound

is S

erge

ant A

rthu

r Edw

in

Haw

key.

He

enlis

ted

in A

pril

1915

, but

des

erte

d so

on a

fter

. Haw

key

re

-enl

iste

d in

Jan

uary

1916

und

er a

n as

sum

ed n

ame,

Art

hur W

ebb.

H

e se

rved

in F

ranc

e du

ring

the

free

zing

win

ter o

f 191

6–17

, whe

re h

e co

ntra

cted

tren

ch fo

ot –

a c

ondi

tion

caus

ed b

y pr

olon

ged

expo

sure

to

col

d, w

et, u

nsan

itary

con

ditio

ns –

and

was

eva

cuat

ed to

hos

pita

l. H

e re

turn

ed to

the

field

and

was

wou

nded

in a

ctio

n on

3 S

epte

mbe

r 19

18. H

awke

y di

ed o

f his

wou

nds

the

follo

win

g da

y. A

fter

his

de

ath,

Haw

key’

s re

al id

entit

y w

as d

isco

vere

d w

hen

his

sist

er w

as

cont

acte

d as

the

bene

ficia

ry li

sted

in h

is w

ill. A

fter

sig

ning

a s

tatu

tory

de

clar

atio

n co

nfirm

ing

his

son’

s re

al n

ame,

Haw

key’

s fa

ther

, Tho

mas

, re

ceiv

ed h

is p

erso

nal e

ffec

ts, i

nclu

ding

a b

ronz

e m

edal

, YM

CA

wal

let,

and

toba

cco

pouc

h. A

rthu

r Edw

in H

awke

y is

bur

ied

at th

e H

eath

M

ilita

ry C

emet

ery

in H

arbo

nniè

res,

Fra

nce,

and

his

real

nam

e is

list

ed

on th

e R

oll o

f Hon

our a

t the

Aus

tral

ian

War

Mem

oria

l in

Can

berr

a.

On

the

hom

e fr

ont

In 19

17 A

ustr

alia

was

div

ided

by

the

cons

crip

tion

deba

te fo

r th

e se

cond

tim

e du

ring

the

war

. Lab

or P

rime

Min

iste

r Will

iam

“B

illy”

Hug

hes

had

soug

ht p

ublic

sup

port

for c

onsc

riptio

n –

com

puls

ory

mili

tary

ser

vice

for y

oung

men

– fo

r the

firs

t tim

e in

a

pleb

isci

te o

n 28

Oct

ober

1916

, des

pite

opp

ositi

on fr

om h

is o

wn

part

y.

The

so c

alle

d “c

onsc

riptio

n re

fere

ndum

” pr

ovok

ed m

uch

deba

te

and

split

the

natio

n. It

was

nar

row

ly d

efea

ted,

with

51.6

per

cen

t vo

ting

“no”

.

Hug

hes

prom

ised

that

he

wou

ld n

ot re

visi

t the

con

scrip

tion

issu

e un

less

it lo

oked

like

Ger

man

y co

uld

prev

ail i

n th

e w

ar. I

n 19

17, a

s A

ustr

alia

’s c

asua

lty li

st g

rew

and

enl

istm

ent n

umbe

rs fe

ll, H

ughe

s ca

lled

for a

noth

er re

fere

ndum

. The

cam

paig

n w

as ju

st a

s he

ated

as

the

first

, with

pop

ular

opi

nion

sha

rply

div

ided

. On

20 D

ecem

ber

the

refe

rend

um w

as a

gain

def

eate

d, th

is ti

me

with

a s

light

ly la

rger

m

ajor

ity o

f 53.

8 pe

r cen

t vot

ing

“no”

.

Aus

tral

ian

voic

esTh

e co

nscr

iptio

n re

fere

nda

wer

e po

litic

ally

and

soc

ially

div

isiv

e.

New

spap

ers

and

mag

azin

es o

f the

tim

e re

veal

the

pass

iona

te

conc

erns

and

arg

umen

ts o

f Aus

tral

ians

deb

atin

g th

e is

sue.

Bel

ow a

re

som

e of

the

view

s ex

pres

sed

by s

oldi

ers

and

prom

inen

t Aus

tral

ians

on

bot

h si

des

of th

e de

bate

.

This

cot

ton

arm

band

wit

h a

red

cres

cent

moo

n w

as g

iven

to

Priv

ate

Geo

rge

Roe

Ken

ihan

of t

he 4

th L

ight

Hor

se R

egim

ent

Fiel

d A

mbu

lanc

e by

a T

urki

sh a

rmy

med

ical

ord

erly

aft

er t

he c

harg

e at

Bee

rshe

ba.

Ken

ihan

car

ried

it fo

lded

up

in h

is w

alle

t fo

r th

e re

st o

f his

ser

vice

.

AWM

REL

/038

23.0

02

Wha

t doe

s th

e re

d cr

esce

nt m

oon

sym

bolis

e an

d ho

w m

ight

it p

rovi

de

the

wea

rer w

ith

prot

ecti

on o

n a

batt

lefi

eld?

Embr

oide

red

silk

pos

tcar

d m

ade

in F

ranc

e du

ring

the

Fi

rst

Wor

ld W

ar.

AWM

RC

065

49

The

flag

s of

six

cou

ntri

es

have

bee

n in

clud

ed in

this

de

sign

. How

man

y ca

n yo

u id

enti

fy?

This

sig

n di

rect

ed m

ilita

ry v

oter

s du

ring

the

191

7 re

fere

ndem

for

cons

crip

tion

at

1 A

NZA

C H

eadq

uart

ers

in n

orth

ern

Fran

ce.

AWM

REL

AWM

0755

4

For conscription: Against conscription:

Enri

ch y

our s

tude

nts’

lear

ning

Bef

ore

you

visi

t the

Aus

tral

ian

War

Mem

oria

l, bo

ok a

faci

litat

ed

prog

ram

for y

our s

choo

l gro

up. A

ligne

d to

the

Aus

tral

ian

Cur

ricul

um:

His

tory

and

Civ

ics

and

Citi

zens

hip,

pro

gram

s pr

ovid

e a

deep

er

lear

ning

exp

erie

nce

for v

isiti

ng s

tude

nts

and

are

desi

gned

to s

uit

your

cla

ssro

om n

eeds

.

Prog

ram

s av

aila

ble:

Prog

ram

Year

leve

l

Cob

ber’s

tale

sPr

esch

ool a

nd F

ound

atio

n

Anz

ac le

gacy

Prim

ary

The

past

in th

e pr

esen

tPr

imar

y

Dis

cove

ry z

one

Prim

ary

Aus

tral

ians

and

the

Firs

t Wor

ld W

ar

Seco

ndar

y

Aus

tral

ia in

the

Seco

nd W

orld

War

Se

cond

ary

The

Vie

tnam

era

Seco

ndar

y

Scie

nce

and

war

Bot

h

Stra

nge

but t

rue

Bot

h

We

will

rem

embe

r the

mB

oth

Go

back

to th

e so

urce

Bot

h

Indi

geno

us w

artim

e se

rvic

e B

oth

Scho

ol w

reat

hlay

ing

cere

mon

yB

oth

For m

ore

info

rmat

ion

on p

rogr

am c

onte

nt, g

o to

: ht

tps:

//w

ww

.aw

m.g

ov.a

u/ed

ucat

ion/

scho

ols/

prog

ram

s.

Boo

king

s ar

e es

sent

ial f

or a

ll sc

hool

gro

ups

visi

ting

the

Mem

oria

l, w

heth

er c

hoos

ing

a fa

cilit

ated

pro

gram

led

by M

emor

ial s

taff

or

a te

ache

r-gu

ided

tour

, or a

tten

ding

the

Last

Pos

t Cer

emon

y.

(A ri

sk-a

sses

smen

t gui

de is

ava

ilabl

e fr

om th

e N

CET

P w

ebsi

te,

http

://w

ww

.can

berr

aexc

ursi

ons.

org.

au/p

ublic

-liab

ility

.)

Dis

cuss

ion

ques

tion

s an

d ac

tivi

ties

:

1.

Res

earc

h on

e of

the

abo

ve p

eopl

e or

gro

ups

and

find

out

why

the

y to

ok t

heir

sta

nce

on t

he c

onsc

ript

ion

deba

te. W

hat

else

can

you

fin

d ou

t ab

out

them

? W

hat

othe

r po

litic

al in

fluen

ces

wer

e at

pla

y in

A

ustr

alia

dur

ing

this

tim

e?

2. T

he w

ar c

reat

ed r

ifts

in A

ustr

alia

n so

ciet

y: w

ithi

n th

e La

bor

Part

y,

betw

een

the

mid

dle

clas

s an

d th

e po

or, a

nd b

etw

een

som

e w

omen

an

d m

en. C

reat

e a

post

er o

utlin

ing

som

e of

the

arg

umen

ts fo

r an

d ag

ains

t co

nscr

ipti

on.

3. W

hat

is a

ref

eren

dum

?

artil

lery

sup

port

, adv

ance

d in

sta

ges,

oft

en a

gain

st s

tout

def

ence

s th

at in

clud

ed s

tron

g co

ncre

te b

lock

hous

es. B

ut in

the

end

the

rain

tu

rned

the

batt

lefie

ld in

to a

qua

gmire

, and

the

offe

nsiv

e co

llaps

ed in

th

e bl

ood

and

mud

of t

he B

elgi

an c

ount

rysi

de. M

ore

than

50

0,0

00

ca

sual

ties

wer

e re

cord

ed, f

rom

bot

h si

des,

incl

udin

g 38

,00

0

Aus

tral

ians

.

The

prem

onit

ion

that

I ha

d w

hen

leav

ing

Sydn

ey, t

hat I

wou

ld

neve

r see

hom

e ag

ain,

sti

ll ha

ngs

abou

t me.

Priv

ate

E.O

. Nea

ves,

20

th B

atta

lion,

15

Febr

uary

191

7. K

illed

in a

ctio

n

6 N

ovem

ber

1917

.

Aus

tral

ians

als

o se

rved

at s

ea a

nd in

the

air d

urin

g 19

17. T

he R

oyal

A

ustr

alia

n N

avy

(RA

N)

prot

ecte

d po

rts

and

coas

tline

s, k

ept t

rade

ro

utes

ope

n, e

nabl

ed th

e pa

ssag

e of

troo

ps, d

irect

ly e

ngag

ed e

nem

y sh

ips,

and

sea

rche

d fo

r sub

mar

ines

. In

May

1917

HM

AS Sydn

ey fo

ught

th

e G

erm

an a

irshi

p L4

3.

Four

squ

adro

ns o

f the

Aus

tral

ian

Flyi

ng C

orps

(A

FC)

serv

ed in

the

Mid

dle

East

and

on

the

Wes

tern

Fro

nt, m

ainl

y in

an

obse

rvat

ion

capa

city

or p

rovi

ding

sup

port

for t

he in

fant

ry. B

y 19

17 th

e us

e of

ai

rcra

ft in

war

had

dev

elop

ed a

nd m

achi

ne-g

uns

beca

me

stan

dard

eq

uipm

ent.

Inte

rrup

ter g

ears

, dev

elop

ed in

1915

, ena

bled

pilo

ts in

si

ngle

-sea

t figh

ters

to fi

re th

roug

h th

eir p

rope

llers

with

out h

ittin

g th

em. M

any

men

in th

e A

ustr

alia

n Im

peria

l For

ce (

AIF

) so

ught

tran

sfer

to

the

AFC

to e

scap

e th

e sq

ualo

r of t

he tr

ench

es o

n th

e W

este

rn

Fron

t, an

d th

e he

at, d

ust,

and

flies

of t

he M

iddl

e Ea

st.

Des

pite

the

maj

ority

of f

ront

-line

sol

dier

s fa

vour

ing

cons

crip

tion,

th

ere

wer

e m

any

who

wer

e ag

ains

t it.

Priv

ate

Vic

tor V

oule

s B

row

n w

rote

in a

lett

er o

n 19

May

1917

:

To c

ut it

sho

rt, t

he b

oys

in F

ranc

e ha

ve h

ad s

uch

a do

ing

of it

, tha

t the

y co

nsid

er it

mur

der (

or n

ear e

noug

h to

it)

to c

ompe

l any

mor

e to

com

e fr

om A

ussi

e. A

nd th

en a

gain

they

con

side

r onc

e co

nscr

ipti

on is

bro

ught

in

it is

the

end

of a

free

Aus

tral

ia.

“Con

scri

ptio

n: c

onsc

ript

ion

duri

ng W

orld

War

One

”, S

A M

emor

y, S

tate

Li

brar

y of

Sou

th A

ustr

alia

, htt

p://

ww

w.s

amem

ory.

sa.g

ov.a

u/si

te/p

age.

cfm

?u=1

022

Prim

e M

inis

ter

Will

iam

“B

illy”

Hug

hes.

AW

M H

1607

1

Mat

ron

Gra

ce W

ilson

, 19

20. A

WM

H15

304

Polli

ng b

ooth

for

the

cons

crip

tion

ref

eren

dum

in

Hod

Will

egha

, Sin

ai, 1

916.

AW

M J

0246

6

AIF

sol

dier

s on

leav

e fr

om t

he fr

ont

voti

ng o

n th

e co

nscr

ipti

on r

efer

endu

m a

t H

orse

ferr

y R

oad,

Lon

don,

D

ecem

ber

1917

.

AWM

H16

653

4. I

mag

ine

you

are

cast

ing

your

vot

e on

whe

ther

to

intr

oduc

e co

nscr

ipti

on. W

ould

you

vot

e Ye

s or

No?

Why

?

i. Su

rvey

you

r cl

assm

ates

, wha

t re

ason

s do

the

y gi

ve fo

r

thei

r ch

oice

?5.

Unl

ike

thei

r B

riti

sh c

ount

erpa

rts,

Aus

tral

ian

wom

en w

ere

able

to

vot

e in

the

191

6 an

d 19

17 r

efer

enda

. A lo

t of

cam

paig

ning

was

ta

rget

ed a

t w

omen

. Why

?

6. S

oldi

ers

retu

rnin

g fr

om t

he fr

ont

soon

form

ed t

he R

etur

ned

Sold

iers

’ Ass

ocia

tion

, the

fore

runn

er t

o to

day’

s R

etur

ned

and

Serv

ices

Lea

gue

(RSL

). T

hey

form

ed t

he b

ackb

one

of t

he w

ar e

ffor

t th

at a

sked

Aus

tral

ians

to

rein

forc

e th

e m

en a

lread

y at

the

fron

t.

• W

hy m

ight

the

RSL

hav

e fe

lt t

his

way

?

• In

vest

igat

e th

e ro

le o

f the

RSL

tod

ay.

Put u

p th

e sw

ord

by A

dela

Pa

nkhu

rst,

pub

lishe

d by

the

W

omen

’s P

eace

Arm

y,

Mel

bour

ne, 1

915.

AW

M P

UB

0361

6

Arc

hbis

hop

Dr

Dan

iel M

anni

x. A

WM

P0

1383

.00

1

Dis

cuss

ion

ques

tion

s

1.

Look

at

the

stat

isti

cs a

bove

. How

wou

ld t

hese

hav

e af

fect

ed

Aus

tral

ians

dur

ing

and

afte

r th

e w

ar?

2. W

hy d

o yo

u th

ink

1917

is c

onsi

dere

d th

e w

orst

yea

r of

the

war

?

Do

you

thin

k it

is p

ossi

ble

to h

ave

a w

orst

yea

r? W

hy/w

hy n

ot?

Mem

oria

l Box

es a

re r

ich

lear

ning

re

sour

ces

for

scho

ol s

tude

nts.

Th

ey c

onta

in r

eal a

nd r

eplic

a hi

stor

ical

ar

tefa

cts

that

stu

dent

s ca

n ha

ndle

, an

d un

iform

s th

at c

an b

e tr

ied

on.

Dig

ital

con

tent

tha

t lin

ks t

o th

e A

ustr

alia

n C

urri

culu

m: H

isto

ry c

an

be fo

und

onlin

e: h

ttps

://w

ww

.aw

m.g

ov.

au/e

duca

tion

/mem

oria

l-bo

xes.

B

oxes

are

ava

ilabl

e fo

r lo

an A

ustr

alia

-w

ide

from

age

nts

loca

ted

in e

ach

stat

e an

d te

rrito

ry.

Mem

oria

l Box

out

reac

h pr

ogra

m

1917

IN S

UM

MA

RY

En

liste

d: 4

5,10

1

Wou

nded

: 49,

148

D

eath

s: 2

0,03

6

Pri

sone

rs o

f war

: 2,2

95

Gas

sed:

4,4

62

Shel

l sho

ck: 8

95

AWM REL/07652 AWM2016.8.17.1

AWM

REL

/055

81

AWM

E0

0371

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