ECONOMICS STANDARD ONE (a):

Students will analyze how changes in technology, costs, and demand interact in competitive markets to determine or change the price of goods and services.

HISTORY STANDARD ONE (a):

Students will examine historical materials relating to a particular region, society, or theme; analyze change over time, and make logical inferences concerning cause and effect.

LEARNING ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS(1) Under what market conditions does price change?

(2) Is change inevitable?

(3) How did technology and westward expansion impact the emerging industrial nation?

UNIT V - The Industrial Revolution

I. Industrial RevolutionA. Early 1800s (in the United States)

1. Long, slow process that completely changed the way in which goods

were produced.

• machines replaced hand tools• steam power replaced human and animal power• economy gradually began to shift from farming to manufacturing

2. Started in Britain in the mid-1700s.

B. Inventors1. James Hargreaves

• spinning jenny – could spin several threads at once

2. Edmund Cartwright• built a loom powered by steam that could spin thread

3. Eli Whitney• created a machine that could manufacture interchangeable parts for guns

4. Francis Lowell• created a factory town in Lowell, Massachusetts• combined spinning and weaving in order to turn raw cotton into finished cloth in the same factory

Spinning Jenny• James Hargreaves

Loom• Edmund Cartwright

C. The Factory System1. factory system – brought workers and

machinery together in one place to produce goods

• capital – money• capitalist – person who invests money (capital) in a business in order to make a profit

D. Human Resources1. Child Labor

• boys and girls as young as seven worked in factories in order to help support their families

2. Long Hours• 12 hours a day• 6 days a week• 72 hours a week• nearly the same hours year round

E. Urbanization1. Movement of the population from

farms to cities.• in 1800, only 6% of the nation’s population lived in urban areas• 1850 = 15%• Today = 81%

2. Hazards• dirt and gravel streets turned into mud holes when it rained• no sewers and people threw garbage into the streets• disease easily spread – influenza and cholera killed hundreds

3. Attractions• theaters, museums, circuses• hat shops, china shops, shoes stores “fancy-goods” stores