ECOLOGY

13. WHAT ARE SOME WAYS TO CONSERVE ENERGY?

Turn off lights when you leave the room.

Unplug electronics when not in use.

If it’s yellow keep it mellow, if it’s brown flush it down Use rain water

Water plants at night

14. LIST AL L THE ALTERNATIVE ENERGY RESOURCES THAT ARE RENEWABLE AND GIVE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

A. SOLAR ENERGY energy from the sun in the form of

radiation.

Solar power plants that can produce large amounts of electricity instead

of for one house.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SOLAR ENERGY- 2 OF EACH

Advantages: Can be used directly for heat Doesn’t produce pollution

Disadvantages: Expensive to set up We do not have the correct technology to

produce enough electrical energy that we need

B. HYDROELECTRICITY

electrical energy produced from falling water.

Spins a turbine

Buford Dam at Lake Lanier

Buford Dam at Lake Lanier

WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGE OF HYDROELECTRICITY?

3 OF EACHAdvantages include:

Causes little pollution Gives off significant amounts of energy Could reduce the amount of fossil fuels used

Disadvantages of include: You must be near a water source You must build dams and they create erosion

problems and decrease water quality Large numbers of fish die due to dams as

well as destroys forests and wildlife habitats

C. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY Energy found deep

within the earth; usually comes to the

surface of the earth as geysers, natural vents, or wells drilled in rocks.

WHAT IS THE ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGES OF WIND ENERGY?

Advantages: - 2 can generate significant amounts of energy Doesn’t cause pollution

Disadvantages:- 1 Unreliable due to wind that isn’t strong enough or

frequent enough to depend on

D. WIND ENERGYEnergy that is an indirect form of solar energy

through unequal heating of air. To harness wind energy you need windmills. Windmills put

together are called wind farms

•Wind is free, wind farms need no fuel.

•Produces no waste or greenhouse gases.

•The land beneath can usually still be used for farming.

•Wind farms can be tourist attractions.

•A good method of supplying energy to remote areas.

•The wind is not always predictable – some days have no wind.

•Suitable areas for wind farms are often near the coast, where land is expensive.

• Noisy. A wind generator makes a constant, low, "swooshing" noise day and night. An entire wind farm makes quite a racket!

•Can kill birds - migrating flocks tend to like strong winds. Splat!

E. NUCLEAR ENERGYThe energy released by a

fission or fusion reaction between atoms.

WARNING: NOT RENEWABLE

WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY?

Advantages: (1) Very powerful

Disadvantages: (2) Produce dangerous radioactive wastes Needs special environments to be safe

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF BIOMASSAdvantage: (1)it is renewable and can be inexpensive.

Disadvantage: (2)it requires land to grow it does not produce enough energy to keep up with our needs.

F. Biomass – Fuels made from once living material.

Biomass is the second most common form of renewable energy.

15. EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RENEWABLE AND NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES

Renewable resources can be

replaced within our lifetime while nonrenewable

resources can not.

16WHERE DOES THE ENERGY CONTAINED IN . FOSSIL FUELS COME FROM?

energy originally from the sun that

has been absorbed by living organisms

PLATETECTONICS

17. LAYERS OF THE EARTH FROM INSIDE OUT

Inner CoreOuter Core

Mantle(Asthenosphere)

(Lithosphere)Crust

18. WHEN OCEANIC CRUST AND CONTINENTAL CRUST CONVERGE

Subduction occurs and Volcanos are usually formed.

Oceanic is MORE DENSE

all from: http://www.geo.lsa.umich.edu/~crlb/COURSES/270

19. WHAT DO CONVECTION CURRENTS IN OUR MANTLE CAUSE?

The movement of tectonic plates

20. WHAT DID ALFRED WEGENER’S NAME OF SUPERCONTINENT.

Pangaea

21. SEA-FLOOR SPREADING

The process by which new lithosphere forms as

magma rises toward the surface of the oceanic

crust and solidifies. This usually takes place at the

mid-ocean ridge.

: www.ocean.udel.edu

The Mid-Ocean Ridge system, shown above snaking its way between the

continents, is more than 56,000 kilometers (35,000 mi) long. It circles the earth like

the stitching on a baseball!

SEA-FLOOR SPREADING

m.y. means million years ago

Notice this compass.

http://platetectonics.pwnet.org/img/blocks.gif

22. WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF PLATE BOUNDARIES?

1. Convergent – where plates are moving toward one another

2. Divergent – where plates are moving away from one another

3. Transform – where plates are sliding horizontally past one another

WHAT TYPE OF LANDFORMS DO THE PLATE BOUNDARIES CREATE?

1. Convergent- mountains, volcanoes, trenches, islands

2. Divergent- rift valleys, midocean ridges

3. Transform- earthquakes and faults

A. CONTINENTAL &

CONTINENTAL

mountains

from: http://www.geo.lsa.umich.edu/~crlb/COURSES/270

a. Continental crust to continental crust

Example: India-Asia (Himalayas)

Before collision

After collision

MOUNTAINS

B. CONTINENTAL &

OCEANICSUBDUCTION

The process by which the

ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean

trench and back into the

mantle is called

C. OCEANIC &

OCEANIC

SUBDUCTION

DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES

The place where two plates move apart or diverge is called a divergent boundary.

Continental crust diverging from continental

TRANSFORM BOUNDARIES

A transform boundary is a place where two plates slip past each other, moving in opposite directions.

San Andreas Fault in California