Eco-Mobility andEmpty Vehicle Management

Waldemar Grabski w.grabski@ii.pw.edu.pl

Institute of Computer Science, Warsaw University of Technology

Eco-Mobility project

Eco car

Exoskeleton

Wheelchairs

Stabilizers and endoprosthesis

PRT system

Eco-Mobility website http://www.eco-mobilnosc.pw.edu.pl/

• Performed in Faculty of Transport of Warsaw University of Technology and other faculties

• Co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund

• Chairman prof. Włodzimierz Choromański

Eco-Mobility project

Eco car

Exoskeleton

Wheelchairs

Stabilizers and endoprosthesis

PRT system

Eco-Mobility website http://www.eco-mobilnosc.pw.edu.pl/

PRT – Eco car

Eco-Mobility project

Eco car

Exoskeleton

Wheelchairs

Stabilizers and endoprosthesis

PRT system

Eco-Mobility website http://www.eco-mobilnosc.pw.edu.pl/

Exoskeleton

Eco-Mobility project

Eco car

Exoskeleton

Wheelchairs

Stabilizers and endoprosthesis

PRT system

Electric wheelchair

Lever wheelchair

Eco-Mobility website http://www.eco-mobilnosc.pw.edu.pl/

Wheelchairs

Eco-Mobility project

Eco car

Exoskeleton

Wheelchairs

Stabilizers and endoprosthesis

PRT system

Model series of endoprosthesispre-prototype

Pre-prototype of the endoprosthesis filled with the bio-resorbable substance

Prototype of ankle-joint stabilizer

Eco-Mobility website http://www.eco-mobilnosc.pw.edu.pl/

Stabilizers and endoprosthesis

Eco-Mobility project

Eco car

Exoskeleton

Wheelchairs

Stabilizers and endoprosthesis

PRT system

PRT - Scale physical model

Eco-Mobility website http://www.eco-mobilnosc.pw.edu.pl/

Eco-Mobility project

Eco car

Exoskeleton

Wheelchairs

Stabilizers and endoprosthesis

PRT system

Eco-Mobility website http://www.eco-mobilnosc.pw.edu.pl/

PRT – Podcar and user interface

Eco-Mobility project

Eco car

Exoskeleton

Wheelchairs

Stabilizers and endoprosthesis

PRT system

Corby modelEco-Mobility website http://www.eco-mobilnosc.pw.edu.pl/

PRT – Network simulator

PRT network simulator Feniks

• Statical network analysis• Total track length

• Average distance between stations

• Maximum walking distance

• …

PRT network simulator Feniks

• Massive simulations

• Automatization of the experiments• experiment generator

• simulation management

• global results database

PRT network simulation objectives

• Algorithms verification• Coordination

• Management (empty vehicle management)

• Network ridership

• Network capacity

Network structure

Quality,Performance

Parameters

?

Empty vehicles management

• Multiparamiter algorithm

• Adjustable factors and thresholds

• No central database of the status of stations and vehicles

• Horizon – maximal distance of communication

• Tailored for distributed implementation

Empty vehicle management tasks

Withdrawing

•moving unnecessary vehicles to capacitors

Expelling

•making room for approaching vehicles when the station is full

Balancing

• reallocation of vehicles for better accessibility

Calling

•delivering vehicles for waiting passengers

Empty vehicle management tasks

Withdrawing

•moving unnecessary vehicles to capacitors

Expelling

•making room for approaching vehicles when the station is full

Balancing

• reallocation of vehicles for better accessibility

Calling

•delivering vehicles for waiting passengers

Empty vehicle management tasks

Withdrawing

•moving unnecessary vehicles to capacitors

Expelling

•making room for approaching vehicles when the station is full

Balancing

• reallocation of vehicles for better accessibility

Calling

•delivering vehicles for waiting passengers

Empty vehicle management tasks

Withdrawing

•moving unnecessary vehicles to capacitors

Expelling

•making room for approaching vehicles when the station is full

Balancing

• reallocation of vehicles for better accessibility

Calling

•delivering vehicles for waiting passengers

Horizon experiment

JHorizon

City benchmark model

• Algorithm works well with average horizon

• Tailored for distributed implementation

Comparison with other algorithms

• Grid benchmark (known in the literature)

• Algorithms:• Distr - my distributed algorithm

• NN - Nearest Neighbours

• SD - Surplus/Deficit

• SV - Sampling and Voting

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

LOG

( A

VER

AG

E W

AIT

ING

TIM

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RHO = DEMAND / MAX RIDERSHIP

Distr NN SD SV

Rzeszów - case study

• Town in south-eastern Poland

• Dense build-up in old town

• A town centre ring-road

Rzeszów – plan of the transportation system

• monorail and PRT - three-layer system• higher layer – monorail ring of 10.08 km

• middle layer – PRT highways (faster)

• lower layer – slower PRT

• Demand based on population statistical analysis• 352.11 requests/hour during rush hours (northern half)

• PRT - 140,84 groups/hour (avg. 2.5 persons in a group)

The town centre

Rzeszów - Monorail Calculations

• A train passes every 10 min – six trains needed

• Maximum ridership – 2251.5 passengers/h• Over three times greater than estimated

(704.22 requests/hour for the whole area)

The town centre

Rzeszów - PRT network (northern half)

monorail

ring

• 22 ordinary stations• demand of 4 groups/hour

• 6 PRT/monorail transfer stations• demand of 10 groups/hour

• Total 148 group/hour (close estimated value 140,84)

Rzeszów - PRT network simulations

• Maximum ridership (obtained by saturation experiment)• 35 vehicles – 385.7 trips/h max

• 45 vehicles – 493.3 trips/h max

• Safety margin = max ridership / input

• Maximum velocity• Highway 54km/h

• Commuter tracks 38.5km/h

Rzeszów case study conclusions

• Analysis for • Monorail (calculations)

• PRT network (simulations)

• 35 vehicles are enough to operate efficiently the PRT network(for the half of the monorail ring during rush hours)

• Proposed transportation system for central part of Rzeszów, is possible and reasonable

Further research

• Distributed simulator• Distributed simulation algorithm

• To use in farm environment (cloud) to perform massive simulations

• Examination co-operation between PRT and other means of transport

• Simulator and managing algorithm for dual-mode vehicles

Feniks simulator webpage http://ii.pw.edu.pl/feniks