Post on 17-Jun-2020
�������������� ������������� E/CN.15/2001/3
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D is tr. : G e n e r a l2 A p r i l 2 0 0 1
R u s s ia nO r ig in a l : E n g l i s h
V.01-82439 (R) 200401 040501
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<_gZ� �±�� fZy ���� ]h^Z
Imgdl � ij_^\Zjbl_evghc ih\_kldb ^gy
F_`^mgZjh^gh_ khljm^gbq_kl\h b [hjv[Z
k ljZgkgZpbhgZevghc ij_klmighklvx
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GZklhysbc ^hdeZ^ ih^]hlh\e_g \h bkiheg_gb_ j_ahexpbb ����� hl
4 ^_dZ[jy ���� ]h^Z� \ dhlhjhc =_g_jZevgZy :kkZf[e_y ijbagZeZ
p_e_khh[jZaghklv jZajZ[hldb wnn_dlb\gh]h f_`^mgZjh^gh±ijZ\h\h]h ^hdmf_glZ
ijhlb\ dhjjmipbb�
< j_ahexpbb ����� =_g_jZevgZy :kkZf[e_y ijhkbeZ =_g_jZevgh]h k_dj_lZjy
ih^]hlh\blv ^hdeZ^� kh^_j`Zsbc ZgZeba \k_o khhl\_lkl\mxsbo f_`^mgZjh^gh±
ijZ\h\uo b ^jm]bo ^hdmf_glh\ b j_dhf_g^Zpbc� dZkZxsboky dhjjmipbb� Z lZd`_
ijhkbeZ Dhfbkkbx ih ij_^mij_`^_gbx ij_klmighklb b m]heh\ghfm ijZ\hkm^bx
gZ __ ^_kylhc k_kkbb jZkkfhlj_lv b ijhZgZebabjh\Zlv wlhl ^hdeZ^ b gZ wlhc
hkgh\_ knhjfmebjh\Zlv j_dhf_g^Zpbb b jmdh\h^ysb_ mdZaZgby \ hlghr_gbb
[m^ms_c jZ[hlu ih ih^]hlh\d_ ijZ\h\h]h ^hdmf_glZ ijhlb\ dhjjmipbb�
Djhf_ lh]h� :kkZf[e_y ijhkbeZ =_g_jZevgh]h k_dj_lZjy kha\Zlv
f_`ijZ\bl_evkl\_ggmx ]jmiim wdki_jlh\ hldjulh]h khklZ\Z ^ey jZkkfhlj_gby b
ih^]hlh\db ± gZ hkgh\_ ^hdeZ^Z =_g_jZevgh]h k_dj_lZjy b j_dhf_g^Zpbc
Dhfbkkbb� knhjfmebjh\Zgguo gZ __ ^_kylhc k_kkbb� ± ijh_dlZ fZg^ZlZ gZ
jZajZ[hldm [m^ms_]h ijZ\h\h]h ^hdmf_glZ ijhlb\ dhjjmipbb�
* E / C N / 1 5 /2 0 0 1 /1 .
2
E/CN/15/2001/3
�� �������Imgdlu Klj�
I . <\_^_gb_ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 – 7 4
I I . H[ahj f_`^mgZjh^gh±ijZ\h\uo ^hdmf_glh\� dZkZxsboky dhjjmipbb . . . . . . . . . . . 8 – 3 3 4
A . Hj]ZgbaZpby H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 – 1 2 4
B . Kh\_l ?\jhiu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 – 1 6 5
C . ?\jhi_ckdbc khxa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 – 2 7 5
D . Hj]ZgbaZpby Zf_jbdZgkdbo ]hkm^Zjkl\ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8 – 2 9 7
E . Hj]ZgbaZpby wdhghfbq_kdh]h khljm^gbq_kl\Z b jZa\blby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0 – 3 3 7
I I I . KjZ\gbl_evguc ZgZeba hkgh\guo iheh`_gbc f_`^mgZjh^gh±ijZ\h\uo
^hdmf_glh\� dZkZxsboky dhjjmipbb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 – 1 2 7 8
A . Bkihevah\Zgb_ l_jfbgh\ �beb hij_^_e_gby� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7 – 4 2 8
B . DjbfbgZebaZpby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3 – 5 4 9
C . Hl\_lkl\_gghklv xjb^bq_kdbo ebp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5 – 6 0 11
D . F_ju b kZgdpbb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1 – 6 5 1 2
E . Ij_^mij_`^_gb_ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6 – 7 0 1 3
F . Xjbk^bdpby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1 – 8 0 1 3
G . F_`^mgZjh^gh_ khljm^gbq_kl\h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1 – 9 5 1 5
H . Dhgljhev aZ hkms_kl\e_gb_f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 6 – 1 0 9 1 7
I . >jm]b_ f_ju . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 0 – 1 2 7 1 9
IV . J_dhf_g^Zpbb b ^jm]b_ ^hdmf_glu� dZkZxsb_ky dhjjmipbb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 8 – 1 9 1 2 2
A . Hj]ZgbaZpby H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 8 – 1 4 8 2 2
1 . F_`^mgZjh^guc dh^_dk ih\_^_gby ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo ^he`ghklguo ebp . . 1 2 8 – 1 3 0 2 2
2 . >_deZjZpby Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc h [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c b
\aylhqgbq_kl\hf \ f_`^mgZjh^guo dhff_jq_kdbo hi_jZpbyo . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 1 – 1 3 5 2 2
3 . <u\h^u b j_dhf_g^Zpbb Kh\_sZgby =jmiiu wdki_jlh\ ih ijh[e_f_
dhjjmipbb b __ nbgZgkh\uf dZgZeZf� khklhy\r_]hky \ IZjb`_
3 0 fZjlZ - 1 Zij_ey ���� ]h^Z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 6 – 1 4 0 2 3
4 . F_ju ijhlb\ dhjjmipbb �j_ahexpby ������ =_g_jZevghc :kkZf[e_b� . . . . 1 4 1 – 1 4 3 2 4
5 . >hdeZ^ ^_kylh]h Dhg]j_kkZ Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc ih
ij_^mij_`^_gbx ij_klmighklb b h[jZs_gbx k ijZ\hgZjmrbl_eyfb . . . . . 1 4 4 – 1 4 8 2 4
B . >jm]b_ f_`ijZ\bl_evkl\_ggu_ hj]ZgbaZpbb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 9 – 1 6 2 2 5
1 . Kh\_l ?\jhiu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 9 – 1 5 9 2 5
2 . Hj]ZgbaZpby wdhghfbq_kdh]h khljm^gbq_kl\Z b jZa\blby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 0 – 1 6 2 2 6
3
E/CN.15/2001/3
C . >jm]b_ mqj_`^_gby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 3 – 1 9 1 2 7
1 . ;Za_evkdbc dhfbl_l ih [Zgdh\kdhfm dhgljhex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 3 – 1 6 6 2 7
2 . P_e_\Zy ]jmiiZ ih nbgZgkh\uf f_jhijbylbyf ^ey [hjv[u k hlfu\Zgb_f
^_g_] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 7 – 1 7 1 2 7
3 . =eh[ZevgZy dhZebpby ^ey :njbdb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 2 – 1 8 0 2 8
4 . =eh[Zevguc nhjmf ih [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 1 – 1 8 8 2 9
5 . =jmiiZ \hkvfb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 9 – 1 9 1 3 1
V . <hijhk g_e_]Zevgh i_j_\h^bfuo kj_^kl\ b j_iZljbZpbb lZdbo kj_^kl\ \ kljZgu
bo ijhbkoh`^_gby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 2 – 2 0 8 3 1
A . IjZdlbq_kdb_ \hijhku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 7 – 1 9 8 3 2
B . Iheblbq_kdb_ \hijhku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 9 – 2 0 0 3 2
C . IjZ\h\u_ \hijhku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 1 – 2 0 8 3 2
V I . <u\h^u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 9 – 2 1 4 3 3
Ijbeh`_gby
I . Kms_kl\mxsb_ f_`^mgZjh^gh±ijZ\h\u_ ^hdmf_glu ih dhjjmipbb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 0
I I . J_dhf_g^Zpbb b ^jm]b_ ^hdmf_glu ih dhjjmipbb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5
4
E/CN/15/2001/3
I. ��������
1 . < k\h_c j_ahexpbb ����� hl � ^_dZ[jy ���� ]h�
^Z =_g_jZevgZy :kkZf[e_y ijbagZeZ p_e_khh[jZa�
ghklv jZajZ[hldb wnn_dlb\gh]h f_`^mgZjh^gh±ijZ�
\h\h]h ^hdmf_glZ ijhlb\ dhjjmipbb b ihklZgh\beZ
ijbklmiblv d jZajZ[hld_ lZdh]h ^hdmf_glZ \ rlZ[±
d\Zjlbj_ P_gljZ ih f_`^mgZjh^ghfm ij_^mij_`�
^_gbx ij_klmighklb MijZ\e_gby ih dhgljhex gZ^
gZjdhlbdZfb b ij_^mij_`^_gbx ij_klmighklb \
<_g_�
2 . =_g_jZevgZy :kkZf[e_y ijhkbeZ =_g_jZevgh]h
k_dj_lZjy ih^]hlh\blv ^hdeZ^� kh^_j`Zsbc ZgZeba
\k_o khhl\_lkl\mxsbo f_`^mgZjh^gh±ijZ\h\uo b
^jm]bo ^hdmf_glh\ b j_dhf_g^Zpbc� dZkZxsboky
dhjjmipbb� b ijhkbeZ Dhfbkkbx ih ij_^mij_`^_�
gbx ij_klmighklb b m]heh\ghfm ijZ\hkm^bx gZ __
^_kylhc k_kkbb jZkkfhlj_lv b ijhZgZebabjh\Zlv wlhl
^hdeZ^ b gZ wlhc hkgh\_ knhjfmebjh\Zlv j_dhf_g^Z�
pbb b jmdh\h^ysb_ mdZaZgby \ hlghr_gbb [m^ms_c
jZ[hlu ih ih^]hlh\d_ ijZ\h\h]h ^hdmf_glZ ijhlb\
dhjjmipbb�
3 . Djhf_ lh]h� :kkZf[e_y ijhkbeZ =_g_jZevgh]h
k_dj_lZjy kha\Zlv f_`ijZ\bl_evkl\_ggmx ]jmiim
wdki_jlh\ hldjulh]h khklZ\Z ^ey jZkkfhlj_gby b
ih^]hlh\db – gZ hkgh\_ ^hdeZ^Z =_g_jZevgh]h k_dj_�lZjy b j_dhf_g^Zpbc Dhfbkkbb� knhjfmebjh\Zgguo
gZ __ ^_kylhc k_kkbb� ± ijh_dlZ fZg^ZlZ gZ jZajZ[hl�
dm [m^ms_]h ijZ\h\h]h ^hdmf_glZ ijhlb\ dhjjmipbb�
4 . < k\h_c j_ahexpbb ������ hl �� ^_dZ[jy
2 0 0 0 ]h^Z� haZ]eZ\e_gghc �Ij_^mij_`^_gb_ dhjjmi�
pbb b g_aZdhggh]h i_j_\h^Z kj_^kl\ b [hjv[Z k gbfb
b j_iZljbZpby g_aZdhggh i_j_\_^_gguo kj_^kl\ \
kljZgu ijhbkoh`^_gby�� =_g_jZevgZy :kkZf[e_y
ij_^eh`beZ kha\Zgghc kh]eZkgh j_ahexpbb 5 5 /6 1f_`ijZ\bl_evkl\_gghc ]jmii_ wdki_jlh\ hldjulh]h
khklZ\Z gZ wlhc `_ hkgh\_ bamqblv \hijhk h g_aZdhg�
gh i_j_\h^bfuo kj_^kl\Zo b j_iZljbZpbb lZdbo
kj_^kl\ \ kljZgu ijhbkoh`^_gby�
5 . <h bkiheg_gb_ ijhkv[u� kh^_j`Zs_cky \ j_ah�
expbb ������ ijh_dl gZklhys_]h ^hdeZ^Z [ue ij_^�
klZ\e_g gZ jZkkfhlj_gb_ f_`k_kkbhggh]h kh\_sZgby
Dhfbkkbb �� n_\jZey ���� ]h^Z� k l_f qlh[u ]hkm�
^Zjkl\Z±qe_gu kfh]eb ij_^klZ\blv aZf_qZgby Dh�
fbkkbb ^h gZqZeZ __ ^_kylhc k_kkbb�
6 . < ijhp_kk_ ih^]hlh\db ^hdeZ^Z [ueb mql_gu
lZd`_ j_amevlZlu dhgkmevlZpbc k khhl\_lkl\mxsbfb
f_`ijZ\bl_evkl\_ggufb hj]ZgbaZpbyfb� aZf_qZgby
dhlhjuo hljZ`_gu \ l_dkl_�
7 . < p_eyo kh^_ckl\by jZ[hl_ Dhfbkkbb b f_`�
ijZ\bl_evkl\_gghc ]jmiiu wdki_jlh\ hldjulh]h khk�
lZ\Z� dhlhjZy [m^_l aZgbfZlvky ih^]hlh\dhc ijh_dlZ
kn_ju ho\ZlZ i_j_]h\hjh\ h [m^ms_f ijZ\h\hf ^hdm�
f_gl_ ijhlb\ dhjjmipbb� K_dj_lZjbZl ih^]hlh\be
^\_ lZ[ebpu� \ dhlhjuo djZldh baeZ]Zxlky hkgh\gu_
dhfihg_glu kms_kl\mxsbo f_`^mgZjh^gh±ijZ\h�
\uo ^hdmf_glh\� Z lZd`_ j_dhf_g^Zpbc b ^jm]bo
^hdmf_glh\� dZkZxsboky dhjjmipbb �kf� ijbeh`_�
gby , b ,,� khhl\_lkl\_ggh��
II. !"��������� �������� ����#������������� ���#����������
8 . < l_q_gb_ ihke_^g_]h ^_kylbe_lby ih^ w]b^hc
jZaebqguo f_`ijZ\bl_evkl\_gguo hj]ZgbaZpbc [u�
eh ih^]hlh\e_gh g_kdhevdh ijZ\h\uo ^hdmf_glh\�
dZkZxsboky dhjjmipbb� ;hevrbgkl\h ba gbo _s_ g_
\klmibeh \ kbem1.
9 . Ihke_ djZldh]h h[ahjZ wlbo ^hdmf_glh\ ijb�
\h^blky kjZ\gbl_evguc ZgZeba bo hkgh\guo iheh�
`_gbc�
$� �� ��" ���� !%��������#�& ��
1 0 . < k\h_c j_ahexpbb ������ hl �� ^_dZ[jy
1 9 9 9 ]h^Z =_g_jZevgZy :kkZf[e_y ihjmqbeZ Ki_�
pbZevghfm dhfbl_lm ih jZajZ[hld_ dhg\_gpbb ijh�
lb\ ljZgkgZpbhgZevghc hj]Zgbah\Zgghc ij_klmigh�
klb \dexqblv \ l_dkl ijh_dlZ dhg\_gpbb f_ju ih
[hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c� k\yaZgghc k hj]Zgbah\Zgghc
ij_klmighklvx� \ lhf qbke_ iheh`_gby� dZkZxsb_ky
gZdZaZgby aZ Zdlu dhjjmipbb k mqZklb_f ]hkm^Zjkl�
\_gguo ^he`ghklguo ebp� Dhg\_gpby Hj]ZgbaZpbb
H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc ijhlb\ ljZgkgZpbhgZevghc
hj]Zgbah\Zgghc ij_klmighklb ��Dhg\_gpby Hj]Zgb�
aZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc��� ijbgylZy =_g_jZev�
ghc :kkZf[e__c \ __ j_ahexpbb ����� hl �� ghy[jy
2 0 0 0 ]h^Z b hldjulZy ^ey ih^ibkZgby k �� ih �� ^_�
dZ[jy ���� ]h^Z \ IZe_jfh� BlZeby2 � kh^_j`bl jy^
iheh`_gbc� dZkZxsboky dhjjmipbb�
5
E/CN.15/2001/3
11 . Dhg\_gpby Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc
ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l� \ qZklghklb� djbfbgZebaZpbx dhj�
jmipbb im[ebqguo ^he`ghklguo ebp� ijbgylb_ lZ�
dbo f_j� dZdb_ fh]ml ihlj_[h\Zlvky� k l_f qlh[u
ijbagZlv \ dZq_kl\_ m]heh\gh gZdZam_fh]h mqZklb_ \
dZq_kl\_ khh[sgbdZ \ kh\_jr_gbb lZdh]h ij_klmie_�
gby� hl\_lkl\_gghklv xjb^bq_kdbo ebp� kh\_jrZ�
xsbo ih^dmi im[ebqguo ^he`ghklguo ebp� ijbgy�
lb_ f_j ^ey ij_^mij_`^_gby b \uy\e_gby dhjjmipbb
kj_^b im[ebqguo ^he`ghklguo ebp b gZdZaZgby aZ
g__� kh^_ckl\b_ ijbf_g_gbx dhgp_ipbb �^h[jhkh�
\_klghklb� im[ebqguo ^he`ghklguo ebp b ij_^h�
klZ\e_gby ^hklZlhqghc g_aZ\bkbfhklb dhfi_l_gl�
guf hj]ZgZf \ bo ^_yl_evghklb ih ij_^mij_`^_gbx
b \uy\e_gbx dhjjmipbb kj_^b im[ebqguo ^he`ghkl�
guo ebp b gZdZaZgbx aZ g__�
1 2 . Dhg\_gpby \klmibl \ kbem gZ ���c ^_gv ihke_
^Zlu k^Zqb gZ ojZg_gb_ khjhdh\hc jZlbnbdZpbhgghc
]jZfhlu beb ^hdmf_glZ h ijbgylbb� ml\_j`^_gbb
beb ijbkh_^bg_gbb�
�� ������'�����
1 3 . < ghy[j_ ���� ]h^Z Dhfbl_l fbgbkljh\ Kh\_lZ
?\jhiu ijbgye l_dkl Dhg\_gpbb h[ m]heh\ghc hl\_l�
kl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx ��Dhg\_gpby Kh\_lZ ?\jh�
iu h[ m]heh\ghc hl\_lkl\_gghklb�� b ihklZgh\be
hldjulv __ ^ey ih^ibkZgby ]hkm^Zjkl\Zfb – qe_gZfbKh\_lZ ?\jhiu b g_ y\eyxsbfbky _]h qe_gZfb ]hkm�
^Zjkl\Zfb� dhlhju_ ijbgbfZeb mqZklb_ \ i_j_]h\h�
jZo� �� yg\Zjy ���� ]h^Z3.
1 4 . Dhg\_gpby \klmibl \ kbem ihke_ k^Zqb gZ ojZ�
g_gb_ q_lujgZ^pZlhc jZlbnbdZpbhgghc ]jZfhlu4.
1 5 . Dhg\_gpby Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h ]jZ`^Zgkdh±ijZ�
\h\hc hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx ��Dhg\_gpby
Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h ]jZ`^Zgkdh±ijZ\h\hc hl\_lkl\_g�
ghklb�� ij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hc i_j\mx ihiuldm hij_^_�
eblv h[sb_ f_`^mgZjh^gu_ ghjfu \ h[eZklb ]jZ`�
^Zgkdh]h ijZ\Z b dhjjmipbb� < Dhg\_gpbb kh^_j`bl�
ky lj_[h\Zgb_ h lhf� qlh[u dZ`^Zy klhjhgZ h[_ki_�
qbeZ \ k\h_f \gmlj_gg_f aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\_ wnn_d�
lb\gu_ kj_^kl\Z ijZ\h\hc aZsblu ^ey ebp� dhlhju_
ihg_keb ms_j[ \ j_amevlZl_ dhjjmipbb� k l_f qlh[u
hgb fh]eb aZsblblv k\hb ijZ\Z b bgl_j_ku� \dexqZy
\hafh`ghklv ihemq_gby dhfi_gkZpbb aZ ms_j[�
1 6 . Dhg\_gpby [ueZ hldjulZ ^ey ih^ibkZgby ]hkm�
^Zjkl\Zfb±qe_gZfb b g_ y\eyxsbfbky qe_gZfb
Kh\_lZ ]hkm^Zjkl\Zfb� dhlhju_ ijbgbfZeb mqZklb_ \
__ ih^]hlh\d_� Z lZd`_ ?\jhi_ckdbf khh[s_kl\hf
4 ghy[jy ���� ]h^Z� HgZ \klmibl \ kbem ihke_ k^Zqb
gZ ojZg_gb_ q_lujgZ^pZlhc jZlbnbdZpbhgghc ]jZ�
fhlu5.
�� '����������"
1 7 . Dhg\_gpby h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\
?\jhi_ckdbo khh[s_kl\� jZajZ[hlZggZy gZ hkgh\_
klZlvb D�� >h]h\hjZ h ?\jhi_ckdhf khxa_ ��Dhg\_g�
pby ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_�
j_kh\��� ij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hc i_j\h_ kh]eZr_gb_ \
khhl\_lkl\bb k jZa^_ehf V I >h]h\hjZ h ?\jhi_ckdhfkhxa_ �iheh`_gby h khljm^gbq_kl\_ ihebp_ckdbo b
km^_[guo hj]Zgh\ ih m]heh\guf ^_eZf�� \ dhlhjhf
jZkkfZljb\Zxlky \hijhku h fhr_ggbq_kdbo hi_jZ�
pbyo� gZghkysbo ms_j[ [x^`_lm ?\jhi_ckdbo khh[�
s_kl\� Dhg\_gpby gZijZ\e_gZ gZ aZsblm nbgZgkh�
\uo bgl_j_kh\ ?\jhi_ckdbo khh[s_kl\ b ijbau\Z_l
h[_ki_qblv m]heh\gh_ ij_ke_^h\Zgb_ aZ fhr_ggb�
q_kdb_ ^_ckl\by� ijbqbgyxsb_ ms_j[ lZdbf bgl_j_�
kZf� Z lZd`_ ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l ^ey wlbo p_e_c ijbgy�
lb_ _^bgh]h hij_^_e_gby lZdbo ^_ckl\bc�
1 8 . Dhg\_gpby [ueZ ijbgylZ Kh\_lhf ?\jhi_c�
kdh]h khxaZ �� bxey 1 9 9 5 ]h^Z� < khhl\_lkl\bb kh
klZlv_c �� Dhg\_gpby ih^e_`bl ijbgylbx ]hkm^Zj�
kl\Zfb±qe_gZfb kh]eZkgh bo khhl\_lkl\mxsbf dhg�
klblmpbhgguf lj_[h\Zgbyf� =hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gu m\_�
^hfeyxl =_g_jZevgh]h k_dj_lZjy Kh\_lZ h aZ\_jr_�
gbb dhgklblmpbhgguo ijhp_^mj� k\yaZgguo k ijbgy�
lb_f Dhg\_gpbb� dhlhjZy \klmiZ_l \ kbem q_j_a
9 0 ^g_c ihke_ ihemq_gby hl ihke_^g_]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gZ lZdh]h m\_^hfe_gby h aZ\_jr_gbb nhjfZevguo
ijhp_^mj6.
1 9 . Ijhlhdhe d Dhg\_gpbb h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo
bgl_j_kh\� jZajZ[hlZgguc gZ hkgh\_ klZlvb D�� >h�
]h\hjZ h ?\jhi_ckdhf khxa_ ��I_j\uc ijhlhdhe d
Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh�
\uo bgl_j_kh\��� [ue jZajZ[hlZg \ dZq_kl\_ ^hdm�
f_glZ� ^hihegyxs_]h Dhg\_gpbx ^ey mkbe_gby aZ�
sblu nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\ ?\jhi_ckdbo khh[�
s_kl\� < Ijhlhdhe_ ij_`^_ \k_]h jZkkfZljb\Zxlky
Zdlu dhjjmipbb� \ dhlhjuo mqZkl\mxl ^he`ghklgu_
ebpZ hl^_evguo kljZg b khh[s_kl\Z� Z lZd`_ ms_j[
beb \_jhylguc ms_j[ nbgZgkh\uf bgl_j_kZf ?\jh�
i_ckdbo khh[s_kl\�
6
E/CN/15/2001/3
2 0 . Ijhlhdhe [ue ijbgyl Kh\_lhf ?\jhi_ckdh]h
khxaZ �� k_gly[jy ���6 ]h^Z� < khhl\_lkl\bb kh klZ�
lv_c � Ijhlhdhe ih^e_`bl ijbgylbx ]hkm^Zjkl\Zfb±
qe_gZfb kh]eZkgh bo khhl\_lkl\mxsbf dhgklblm�
pbhgguf lj_[h\Zgbyf� =hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gu m\_^hf�
eyxl =_g_jZevgh]h k_dj_lZjy Kh\_lZ h aZ\_jr_gbb
ijhp_^mj� g_h[oh^bfuo kh]eZkgh bo khhl\_lkl\m�
xsbf dhgklblmpbhgguf ghjfZf ^ey ijbgylby
IjhlhdheZ� dhlhjuc \klmiZ_l \ kbem q_j_a �� ^g_c
ihke_ ihemq_gby m\_^hfe_gby hl ]hkm^Zjkl\Z� dh�
lhjh_ y\eyehkv qe_ghf ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ gZ ^Zlm
ijbgylby Kh\_lhf ZdlZ h[ ml\_j`^_gbb IjhlhdheZ b
dhlhjh_ ihke_^gbf aZ\_jrbeh lZdb_ nhjfZevgu_
ijhp_^mju� ?keb gZ wlm ^Zlm Dhg\_gpby g_ \klmibl \
kbem� lh Ijhlhdhe \klmiZ_l \ kbem \ ^Zlm \klmie_gby
\ kbem Dhg\_gpbb7.
2 1 . <lhjhc ijhlhdhe d Dhg\_gpbb h aZsbl_ nbgZg�
kh\uo bgl_j_kh\ ?\jhi_ckdbo khh[s_kl\� jZajZ[h�
lZgguc gZ hkgh\_ klZlvb D�� >h]h\hjZ h ?\jhi_c�
kdhf khxa_ ��<lhjhc ijhlhdhe d Dhg\_gpbb ?\jh�
i_ckdh]h khxaZ h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\��
ihk\ys_g� \ qZklghklb� \hijhkZf hl\_lkl\_gghklb
xjb^bq_kdbo ebp� dhgnbkdZpbb� hlfu\Zgby ^_g_] b
khljm^gbq_kl\Z f_`^m ]hkm^Zjkl\Zfb±qe_gZfb b
?\jhi_ckdhc dhfbkkb_c \ p_eyo aZsblu nbgZgkh\uo
bgl_j_kh\ ?\jhi_ckdbo khh[s_kl\ b aZsblu k\yaZg�
guo k wlbf ebqguo ^Zgguo�
2 2 . <lhjhc Ijhlhdhe [ue ijbgyl Kh\_lhf �� bxgy
1 9 9 7 ]h^Z� < khhl\_lkl\bb kh klZlv_c �� Ijhlhdhe
ih^e_`bl ijbgylbx ]hkm^Zjkl\Zfb±qe_gZfb kh]eZ�
kgh bo khhl\_lkl\mxsbf dhgklblmpbhgguf lj_[h\Z�
gbyf� =hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gu m\_^hfeyxl =_g_jZevgh]h
k_dj_lZjy Kh\_lZ h aZ\_jr_gbb ijhp_^mj� g_h[oh^b�
fuo kh]eZkgh bo khhl\_lkl\mxsbf dhgklblmpbhg�
guf ghjfZf ^ey ijbgylby IjhlhdheZ� dhlhjuc
\klmiZ_l \ kbem q_j_a �� ^g_c ihke_ ihemq_gby m\_�
^hfe_gby hl ]hkm^Zjkl\Z� dhlhjh_ y\eyehkv qe_ghf
?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ gZ ^Zlm ijbgylby Kh\_lhf ZdlZ
h[ ml\_j`^_gbb IjhlhdheZ b dhlhjh_ ihke_^gbf
aZ\_jrbeh lZdb_ nhjfZevgu_ ijhp_^mju� ?keb gZ
wlm ^Zlm Dhg\_gpby g_ \klmibl \ kbem� lh Ijhlhdhe
\klmiZ_l \ kbem \ ^Zlm \klmie_gby \ kbem Dhg�
\_gpbb8.
2 3 . Dhg\_gpby h [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c kj_^b ^he`�
ghklguo ebp ?\jhi_ckdbo khh[s_kl\ beb ^he`ghkl�
guo ebp ]hkm^Zjkl\ – qe_gh\ ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ�
jZajZ[hlZggZy gZ hkgh\_ klZlvb D�� ����k� >h]h\hjZ
h ?\jhi_ckdhf khxa_ ��Dhg\_gpby ?\jhi_ckdh]h
khxaZ h [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c�� [ueZ jZajZ[hlZgZ ^ey
h[_ki_q_gby djbfbgZebaZpbb \k_o ^_ygbc� k\yaZg�
guo k dhjjmipb_c kj_^b ^he`ghklguo ebp Khh[s_�
kl\Z beb ^he`ghklguo ebp ]hkm^Zjkl\±qe_gh\� Z g_
lhevdh ^_ygbc� dhlhju_ k\yaZgu k fhr_ggbq_kl\hf�
ijbqbgyxsbf ms_j[ nbgZgkh\uf bgl_j_kZf ?\jh�
i_ckdbo khh[s_kl\� >h ijbgylby Dhg\_gpbb m]h�
eh\gh_ ijZ\h [hevrbgkl\Z ]hkm^Zjkl\±qe_gh\ g_
ij_^mkfZljb\Zeh djbfbgZebaZpbb ^_ygbc� gZijZ\�
e_gguo gZ ih^dmi ^he`ghklguo ebp ^jm]bo ]hkm�
^Zjkl\±qe_gh\� ^Z`_ _keb hgb bf_eb f_klh gZ bo
kh[kl\_gghc l_jjblhjbb b \ wlhf mqZkl\h\Zeb bo
]jZ`^Zg_� < lhl fhf_gl� dh]^Z kblmZpby gZqZeZ \uau�
\Zlv ih\ur_ggh_ [_kihdhckl\h� Kh\_l aZgbfZeky
jZajZ[hldhc I_j\h]h ijhlhdheZ d Dhg\_gpbb ?\jh�
i_ckdh]h khxaZ h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\� L_f
g_ f_g__ k mq_lhf ij_^f_lZ kZfhc Dhg\_gpbb
Ijhlhdhe fh] kh^_j`Zlv lhevdh lj_[h\Zgb_ h lhf�
qlh[u ]hkm^Zjkl\Z ijbagZeb gZdZam_fufb ^_ygby�
k\yaZggu_ k fhr_ggbq_kdbfb ^_ckl\byfb� gZghky�
sbfb ms_j[ nbgZgkh\uf bgl_j_kZf ?\jhi_ckdbo
khh[s_kl\� Ohly Dhg\_gpby h [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c
kj_^b ^he`ghklguo ebp ?\jhi_ckdbo khh[s_kl\ beb
^he`ghklguo ebp ]hkm^Zjkl\ – qe_gh\ ?\jhi_ckdh]hkhxaZ \ agZqbl_evghc kl_i_gb hkgh\ZgZ gZ iheh`_�
gbyo b hij_^_e_gbyo� dhlhju_ [ueb kh]eZkh\Zgu
^_e_]Zpbyfb \ oh^_ jZg__ khklhy\rboky h[km`^_gbc
ih Ijhlhdhem� hgZ y\ey_lky kZfhklhyl_evguf f_`^m�
gZjh^gh±ijZ\h\uf ^hdmf_glhf� \ dhlhjhf jZkkfZl�
jb\Zxlky \k_ ^_ygby� k\yaZggu_ k dhjjmipb_c kj_^b
^he`ghklguo ebp Khh[s_kl\Z beb ]hkm^Zjkl\±
qe_gh\9.
2 4 . Kh\_l ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ ijbgye wlm Dhg\_g�
pbx �� fZy ���� ]h^Z� < khhl\_lkl\bb kh klZlv_c 1 3Dhg\_gpby ih^e_`bl ijbgylbx ]hkm^Zjkl\Zfb±qe_�
gZfb kh]eZkgh bo khhl\_lkl\mxsbf dhgklblmpbhg�
guf lj_[h\Zgbyf� =hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gu m\_^hfeyxl
=_g_jZevgh]h k_dj_lZjy Kh\_lZ ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ
h aZ\_jr_gbb ijhp_^mj� g_h[oh^bfuo kh]eZkgh bo
khhl\_lkl\mxsbf dhgklblmpbhgguf lj_[h\Zgbyf
^ey ijbgylby Dhg\_gpbb� dhlhjZy \klmiZ_l \ kbem
q_j_a 9 0 ^g_c ihke_ ihemq_gby m\_^hfe_gby hl
ihke_^g_]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gZ� aZ\_jrb\r_]h lZdb_
nhjfZevgu_ ijhp_^mju10.
2 5 . Kh\f_klgu_ ^_ckl\by \ hlghr_gbb dhjjmipbb
\ qZklghf k_dlhj_ hl �� ^_dZ[jy ���� ]h^Z� ijbgylu_
Kh\_lhf gZ hkgh\_ klZlvb D�� >h]h\hjZ h ?\jhi_c�
kdhf khxa_ ��Kh\f_klgu_ ^_ckl\by ?\jhi_ckdh]h
khxaZ��� gZijZ\e_gu� \ qZklghklb� gZ [hjv[m k
7
E/CN.15/2001/3
dhjjmipb_c \ qZklghf k_dlhj_ gZ f_`^mgZjh^ghf
mjh\g_�
2 6 . < khhl\_lkl\bb kh klZlv_c �� Kh\f_klgu_ ^_c�
kl\by ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ \klmiZxl \ kbem k ^Zlu
bo im[ebdZpbb \ O ffic ia l J o u r n a l �l�_� �� ^_dZ[jy
1 9 9 8 ]h^Z�� Ih \hijhkm h[ hkms_kl\e_gbb \ klZlv_ 8Kh\f_klguo ^_ckl\bc ij_^mkfZljb\Z_lky� qlh dZ`�
^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±qe_g \ l_q_gb_ ^\mo e_l ihke_
\klmie_gby Kh\f_klguo ^_ckl\bc \ kbem \u^\b]Z_l
khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ ij_^eh`_gby ih bo hkms_kl\e_�
gbx gZ jZkkfhlj_gb_ dhfi_l_glguo hj]Zgh\ \ p_eyo
bo ijbgylby� Ihke_ wlh]h Kh\_l gZ hkgh\_ khhl\_l�
kl\mxs_c bgnhjfZpbb ijh\h^bl hp_gdm \uiheg_gby
]hkm^Zjkl\Zfb±qe_gZfb k\hbo h[yaZl_evkl\ \ khhl�
\_lkl\bb k Kh\f_klgufb ^_ckl\byfb g_ iha^g__
lj_o e_l ihke_ bo \klmie_gby \ kbem�
2 7 . < ^_deZjZpbb� kh^_j`Zs_cky \ ij_^eh`_gbb d
Kh\f_klguf ^_ckl\byf ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ� hlf_�
qZ_lky� qlh wlhl ^hdmf_gl y\ey_lky i_j\uf rZ]hf� Z
lZd`_ mdZau\Z_lky� qlh k mq_lhf j_amevlZlh\ hp_gdb�
dhlhjZy [m^_l ijh\_^_gZ Kh\_lhf ^h dhgpZ ���� ]h^Z�
gZ [he__ iha^g_f wlZi_ [m^ml ijbgylu ^Zevg_crb_
f_ju� LZdbf h[jZahf� Dhfbkkby lsZl_evgh jZkkfhl�
jbl j_amevlZlu hp_gdb hkms_kl\e_gby Kh\f_klguo
^_ckl\bc \ p_eyo ijbgylby j_r_gby hlghkbl_evgh
p_e_khh[jZaghklb gh\uo bgbpbZlb\ \ jZfdZo kn_ju
__ dhfi_l_gpbb \ khhl\_lkl\bb k :fkl_j^Zfkdbf
^h]h\hjhf ���� ]h^Z� kh^_j`Zsbf ihijZ\db d >h]h�
\hjm h ?\jhi_ckdhf khxa_� >h]h\hjZf h kha^Zgbb
?\jhi_ckdbo khh[s_kl\ b g_dhlhjuf kf_`guf
^hdmf_glZf� k l_f qlh[u h[_ki_qblv dhfie_dkguc
ih^oh^ d [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c \ qZklghf k_dlhj_�
D . �� ��" ���� ����� ���#���� ���
2 8 . F_`Zf_jbdZgkdZy dhg\_gpby ih [hjv[_ k dhj�
jmipb_c ��Dhg\_gpby H:=�� [ueZ ijbgylZ gZ Ki_�
pbZevghc f_`Zf_jbdZgkdhc dhgn_j_gpbb b hldjulZ
^ey ih^ibkZgby \ DZjZdZk_ �� fZjlZ ���� ]h^Z� P_ev
Dhg\_gpbb aZdexqZ_lky \ ihhsj_gbb b mkbe_gbb
^_yl_evghklb \ dZ`^hf ba ]hkm^Zjkl\±mqZklgbdh\ ih
kha^Zgbx f_oZgbafh\� g_h[oh^bfuo ^ey ij_^mij_`�
^_gby� \uy\e_gby b bkdhj_g_gby dhjjmipbb b gZdZ�
aZgby aZ g__� Z lZd`_ \ ihhsj_gbb� jZa\blbb b j_�
]mebjh\Zgbb khljm^gbq_kl\Z f_`^m ]hkm^Zjkl\Zfb±
mqZklgbdZfb \ p_eyo h[_ki_q_gby wnn_dlb\ghklb
f_j b ^_ckl\bc ih ij_^mij_`^_gbx� \uy\e_gbx b
bkdhj_g_gbx dhjjmipbb ijb \uiheg_gbb im[ebqguo
nmgdpbc b Zdlh\ dhjjmipbb� g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh k\y�
aZgguo k \uiheg_gb_f lZdbo nmgdpbc� b gZdZaZgbx
aZ gbo�
2 9 . Dhg\_gpby H:= \klmibeZ \ kbem � fZjlZ
1 9 9 7 ]h^Z� KlZlvy ;;9 ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l \klmie_gb_
Dhg\_gpbb \ kbem gZ ljb^pZluc ^_gv ihke_ ^Zlu
k^Zqb gZ ojZg_gb_ \lhjhc jZlbnbdZpbhgghc ]jZfh�
lu11.
'� �� ��" ����(������������
����������� ���� "�����
3 0 . Dhg\_gpby h [hjv[_ k ih^dmihf bghkljZgguo
]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo ^he`ghklguo ebp \ f_`^mgZjh^�
guo dhff_jq_kdbo k^_edZo ��Dhg\_gpby HWKJ� [ueZ
ih^ibkZgZ �� ^_dZ[jy ���� ]h^Z b [ueZ ih^]hlh\e_gZ
]jmiihc �� kljZg� �� kljZg – qe_gh\ Hj]ZgbaZpbb
wdhghfbq_kdh]h khljm^gbq_kl\Z b jZa\blby �HWKJ� b
iylv kljZg� g_ y\eyxsboky qe_gZfb Hj]ZgbaZpbb
�:j]_glbgZ� ;he]Zjby� ;jZabeby� Keh\Zdby b
Qbeb�12.
3 1 . Dhg\_gpby HWKJ h[_ki_qb\Z_l jZfdb ^ey djb�
fbgZebaZpbb dhjjmipbb \ f_`^mgZjh^guo dhff_j�
q_kdbo k^_edZo� Klhjhgu Dhg\_gpbb h[yamxlky
h[_ki_qblv gZdZaZgb_ ebp� h[\bgy_fuo \ ih^dmi_
^he`ghklguo ebp bghkljZgguo ]hkm^Zjkl\� \dexqZy
^he`ghklguo ebp \ kljZgZo� dhlhju_ g_ y\eyxlky
klhjhgZfb Dhg\_gpbb� ^ey p_e_c ihemq_gby beb
khojZg_gby \hafh`ghklb hkms_kl\eylv f_`^mgZjh^�
gmx dhff_jq_kdmx ^_yl_evghklv� < Dhg\_gpbb
ij_^ijbgbfZ_lky ihiuldZ h[_ki_qblv nmgdpbhgZev�
gmx wd\b\Ze_glghklv f_j� ijbgbfZ_fuo klhjhgZfb
^ey gZdZaZgby aZ ih^dmi bghkljZgguo ^he`ghklguo
ebp� h^gZdh ijb wlhf g_ lj_[m_lky h[_ki_q_gb_
_^bghh[jZaby beb \g_k_gb_ baf_g_gbc \ hkgh\hih�
eZ]Zxsb_ ijbgpbiu ijZ\h\uo kbkl_f klhjhg13.
3 2 . Dhg\_gpby HWKJ \klmibeZ \ kbem �� n_\jZey
1 9 9 9 ]h^Z� KljZgu±mqZklgbpu ^h]h\hjbebkv h lhf�
qlh Dhg\_gpby \klmibl \ kbem gZ r_klb^_kyluc ^_gv
ihke_ ^Zlu k^Zqb gZ ojZg_gb_ ^hdmf_glh\ h ijb�
gylbb� ml\_j`^_gbb beb jZlbnbdZpbb iylvx ba
^_kylb kljZg� dhlhju_ h[eZ^Zxl �� gZb[hevrbfb
^heyfb \ h[t_f_ wdkihjlZ kljZg HWKJ b gZ dhlhju_
ijboh^blky ih f_gvr_c f_j_ �� ijhp_glh\ kh\hdmi�
gh]h h[t_fZ wdkihjlZ wlbo �� kljZg14.
8
E/CN/15/2001/3
3 3 . D Dhg\_gpbb fh`_l ijbkh_^bgblvky ex[Zy
kljZgZ� dhlhjZy klZg_l iheguf qe_ghf JZ[hq_c ]jmi�
iu HWKJ ih \hijhkZf ih^dmiZ \ f_`^mgZjh^guo
dhff_jq_kdbo k^_edZo� Z lZd`_ `_eZ_l b \ khklhygbb
\aylv gZ k_[y khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ h[yaZl_evkl\Z� =hkm�
^Zjkl\Z� `_eZxsb_ ijbkh_^bgblvky d Dhg\_gpbb�
^he`gu klZlv qe_gZfb JZ[hq_c ]jmiiu HWKJ� Qe_gu
JZ[hq_c ]jmiiu ijbgbfZxl lZd`_ gZ k_[y h[yaZ�
l_evkl\Z� i_j_qbke_ggu_ \ I_j_kfhlj_gghc j_dh�
f_g^Zpbb h [hjv[_ k ih^dmihf \ f_`^mgZjh^guo
dhff_jq_kdbo k^_edZo b \ J_dhf_g^Zpbb h gZeh�
]h\uo \uq_lZo kmff ih^dmiZ bghkljZgguo ^he`�
ghklguo ebp� hgb ^he`gu lZd`_ ijbgbfZlv mqZklb_
\ f_jhijbylbyo f_oZgbafZ fhgblhjbg]Z ih^ mijZ\�
e_gb_f JZ[hq_c ]jmiiu�
III. �� ���������� � ��"������#��������������� �������� ����#������������� ���#����������
3 4 . < gZklhys_f jZa^_e_ ij_^ijbgbfZ_lky ihiul�
dZ ^Zlv kjZ\gbl_evguc ZgZeba hkgh\guo iheh`_gbc
f_`^mgZjh^gh±ijZ\h\uo ^hdmf_glh\� mihfygmluo \
jZa^_e_ ,,� Ihkdhevdm wlb ^hdmf_glu bf_xl ZgZeh�
]bqgmx kljmdlmjm� lZdhc ZgZeba fh`gh ijh\h^blv \
jZfdZo ke_^mxsbo h[sbo l_f� bkihevah\Zgb_ l_j�
fbgh\� djbfbgZebaZpby� hl\_lkl\_gghklv xjb^b�
q_kdbo ebp� f_ju b kZgdpbb� ij_^mij_`^_gb_� xjbk�
^bdpby� f_`^mgZjh^gh_ khljm^gbq_kl\h� fhgblh�
jbg] hkms_kl\e_gby b ^jm]b_ f_ju�
3 5 . < dZq_kl\_ ij_^\Zjbl_evgh]h b h[s_]h aZf_qZ�
gby ke_^m_l hlf_lblv� qlh h^gh ba hkgh\guo jZa�
ebqbc f_`^m jZkkfZljb\Z_fufb ^hdmf_glZfb kh�
klhbl \ lhf� dZdbf h[jZahf b^_glbnbpbjmxlky ^_c�
kl\by� dhlhju_ ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdb h[yaZgu ijb�
agZ\Zlv m]heh\gh gZdZam_fufb ^_ygbyfb \ khhl\_l�
kl\bb k dZ`^uf ba lZdbo ^hdmf_glh\� < g_dhlhjuo
^hdmf_glZo� gZijbf_j \ Dhg\_gpbb HWKJ� ijbf_gy�
_lky madbc ih^oh^ b ij_^mkfZljb\Z_lky lhevdh djb�
fbgZebaZpby lZd gZau\Z_fh]h �Zdlb\gh]h ih^dmiZ�
bghkljZgguo ^he`ghklguo ebp15� \ lh \j_fy dZd \
^jm]bo� gZijbf_j \ Dhg\_gpbb Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h[
m]heh\ghc hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx� ho\Zlu�
\Z_lky [he__ rbjhdbc djm] ^_ygbc� k\yaZgguo k
dhjjmipb_c�
3 6 . <\b^m hkh[h]h oZjZdl_jZ b kn_ju ijbf_g_gby
Dhg\_gpbb Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h ]jZ`^Zgkdh±ijZ\h\hc
hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx wlhl ^hdmf_gl \
gZklhys_f jZa^_e_ jZkkfZljb\Z_lky hl^_evgh�
$� )����"�� ������������
�����������������
3 7 . < [hevrbgkl\_ ijZ\h\uo ^hdmf_glh\ kh^_j�
`blky hij_^_e_gb_ l_jfbgZ �im[ebqgh_ ^he`ghkl�
gh_ ebph�� H^gZdh \ wlhc k\yab ijhke_`b\Zxlky
hij_^_e_ggu_ jZaebqby�
3 8 . < khhl\_lkl\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c H:= �im[ebqgh_
^he`ghklgh_ ebph� �beb �ijZ\bl_evkl\_ggh_ ^he`�
ghklgh_ ebph�� beb �im[ebqguc kem`Zsbc�� hagZ�
qZ_l �ex[h_ ^he`ghklgh_ ebph beb kem`Zs_]h ]hkm�
^Zjkl\Z beb _]h mqj_`^_gbc� \dexqZy ebp� dhlhju_
[ueb \u[jZgu� gZagZq_gu beb ba[jZgu ^ey \uihe�
g_gby ^_yl_evghklb beb nmgdpbc hl bf_gb ]hkm^Zj�
kl\Z beb gZ ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc kem`[_ gZ ex[hf
b_jZjobq_kdhf mjh\g_ � �klZlvy I�� < Dhg\_gpbb H:=
kh^_j`blky lZd`_ kkuedZ gZ dhgp_ipbx �im[ebqghc
nmgdpbb�� dhlhjZy hagZqZ_l �ex[mx \j_f_ggmx beb
ihklhyggmx� hieZqb\Z_fmx beb ihq_lgmx ^_yl_ev�
ghklv� \uihegy_fmx nbabq_kdbf ebphf hl bf_gb
]hkm^Zjkl\Z beb gZ ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc kem`[_� beb \
]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo bgklblmlZo� gZ ex[hf b_jZjob�
q_kdhf mjh\g_� �klZlvy I �� KkuedZ gZ �im[ebqgmx
nmgdpbx� kh^_j`blky lZd`_ \ hij_^_e_gbb im[ebq�
gh]h ^he`ghklgh]h ebpZ� dhlhjh_ bkihevam_lky \
Dhg\_gpbb HWKJ �kf� gb`_��
3 9 . Dhgp_ipby �im[ebqgu_ mkem]b� bkihevam_lky \
hij_^_e_gbb im[ebqguo ^he`ghklguo ebp� kh^_j`Z�
s_fky \ Dhg\_gpbb Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo
GZpbc� \ dhlhjhc mdZau\Z_lky� qlh �im[ebqgh_ ^he`�
ghklgh_ ebph� hagZqZ_l �im[ebqgh_ ^he`ghklgh_ eb�
ph beb ebph� ij_^hklZ\eyxs__ dZdmx�eb[h im[ebq�
gmx mkem]m� dZd wlh hij_^_ey_lky \h \gmlj_gg_f
aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\_ ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdZ� \ dhlhjhf
^Zggh_ ebph \uihegy_l lZdb_ nmgdpbb� beb dZd wlh
ijbf_gy_lky \ m]heh\ghf aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\_ wlh]h
]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdZ� �klZlvy 8 ) .
4 0 . Dhg\_gpby Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h[ m]heh\ghc hl\_l�
kl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx hlkueZ_l d hij_^_e_gbyf
ihgylbc �^he`ghklgh_ ebph�� �im[ebqgh_ ^he`gh�
klgh_ ebph�� �fwj�� �fbgbklj� b �km^vy�� kh^_j`Z�
sbfky \ gZpbhgZevghf aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\_ ]hkm^Zj�
9
E/CN.15/2001/3
kl\Z� \ dhlhjhf ^Zggh_ ebph \uihegy_l lZdb_
nmgdpbb� b dZd wlh aZdj_ie_gh \ m]heh\ghf aZdhgh�
^Zl_evkl\_ wlh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z �klZlvy ��� :gZeh]bq�
guf h[jZahf \ I_j\hf ijhlhdhe_ d Dhg\_gpbb
?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\
b \ Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ h [hjv[_ k dhj�
jmipb_c ijb hij_^_e_gbb l_jfbgZ �gZpbhgZevgh_
^he`ghklgh_ ebph� ^_eZ_lky kkuedZ gZ hij_^_e_gb_
ihgylby �^he`ghklgh_ ebph� beb �im[ebqgh_ ^he`�
ghklgh_ ebph� \ gZpbhgZevghf aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\_
]hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gZ� \ dhlhjhf ^Zggh_ ebph \uihe�
gy_l lZdb_ nmgdpbb� ^ey p_e_c ijbf_g_gby m]heh\�
gh]h aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\Z wlh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gZ�
4 1 . K ^jm]hc klhjhgu� \ Dhg\_gpbb HWKJ ij_^ijb�
gbfZ_lky ihiuldZ ^Zlv Z\lhghfgh_ hij_^_e_gb_ ih�
gylby �im[ebqgh_ ^he`ghklgh_ ebph�� < khhl\_l�
kl\bb k wlhc Dhg\_gpb_c l_jfbg �bghkljZggh_
im[ebqgh_ ^he`ghklgh_ ebph� nZdlbq_kdb hagZqZ_l
�ex[h_ ebph� aZgbfZxs__ dZdhc�eb[h ihkl \ aZdh�
gh^Zl_evguo� Z^fbgbkljZlb\guo beb km^_[guo hj]Z�
gZo bghkljZggh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z� g_aZ\bkbfh hl lh]h�
[ueh eb hgh gZagZq_gh beb ba[jZgh� ex[h_ ebph�
\uihegyxs__ im[ebqgu_ nmgdpbb \ bghkljZgghf
]hkm^Zjkl\_� \dexqZy im[ebqgu_ mqj_`^_gby beb
im[ebqgu_ ij_^ijbylby� b ex[h_ ^he`ghklgh_ ebph
beb ij_^klZ\bl_ev im[ebqghc f_`^mgZjh^ghc hj]Z�
gbaZpbb� �klZlvy 1 ) .
4 2 . Hij_^_e_gb_ ihgylby �xjb^bq_kdh_ ebph�
kh^_j`blky lhevdh \ Dhg\_gpbb Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h[
m]heh\ghc hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx� Z lZd`_ \h
<lhjhf ijhlhdhe_ d Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ
h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\ b \ Kh\f_klguo
^_ckl\byo ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ� < wlbo lj_o ^hdm�
f_glZo bkihevam_lky ZgZeh]bqgh_ hij_^_e_gb_�
Kh]eZkgh bo l_dklZf �kf� klZlvx � \h \k_o lj_o ^hdm�
f_glZo� �xjb^bq_kdh_ ebph� nZdlbq_kdb hagZqZ_l
�ex[h_ h[jZah\Zgb_� h[eZ^Zxs__ lZdbf klZlmkhf \
khhl\_lkl\bb k ijbf_gbfuf gZpbhgZevguf aZdhgh�
^Zl_evkl\hf� aZ bkdexq_gb_f ]hkm^Zjkl\ beb ^jm]bo
im[ebqguo hj]Zgh\� \uihegyxsbo ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggu_
iheghfhqby� Z lZd`_ im[ebqguo f_`^mgZjh^guo
hj]ZgbaZpbc��
B . ������ ��" ���
4 3 . Hkgh\gh_ iheh`_gb_ Dhg\_gpbb Hj]ZgbaZpbb
H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc� dZkZxs__ky djbfbgZebaZpbb�
kh^_j`blky \ klZlv_ �� \ imgdl_ 1 dhlhjhc mdZau\Z�
_lky ke_^mxs__�
" 1 . DZ`^h_ =hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd ijbgbfZ_l
lZdb_ aZdhgh^Zl_evgu_ b ^jm]b_ f_ju� dZdb_ fh]ml
ihlj_[h\Zlvky� k l_f qlh[u ijbagZlv \ dZq_kl\_ m]h�
eh\gh gZdZam_fuo ke_^mxsb_ ^_ygby� dh]^Z hgb
kh\_jrZxlky mfure_ggh�
Z� h[_sZgb_� ij_^eh`_gb_ beb ij_^hklZ\�
e_gb_ im[ebqghfm ^he`ghklghfm ebpm� ebqgh beb
q_j_a ihkj_^gbdh\� dZdh]h�eb[h g_ijZ\hf_jgh]h ij_�
bfms_kl\Z ^ey kZfh]h ^he`ghklgh]h ebpZ beb bgh]h
nbabq_kdh]h beb xjb^bq_kdh]h ebpZ� k l_f qlh[u
wlh ^he`ghklgh_ ebph kh\_jrbeh dZdh_�eb[h ^_ckl�
\b_ beb [_a^_ckl\b_ ijb \uiheg_gbb k\hbo ^he`gh�
klguo h[yaZgghkl_c�
b ) \ufh]Zl_evkl\h beb ijbgylb_ im[ebqguf
^he`ghklguf ebphf� ebqgh beb q_j_a ihkj_^gbdh\�
dZdh]h�eb[h g_ijZ\hf_jgh]h ij_bfms_kl\Z ^ey kZ�
fh]h ^he`ghklgh]h ebpZ beb bgh]h nbabq_kdh]h beb
xjb^bq_kdh]h ebpZ� k l_f qlh[u wlh ^he`ghklgh_
ebph kh\_jrbeh dZdh_�eb[h ^_ckl\b_ beb [_a^_ckl�
\b_ ijb \uiheg_gbb k\hbo ^he`ghklguo h[yaZg�
ghkl_c��
4 4 . DZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd lZd`_ ijbgbfZ_l
lZdb_ f_ju� dZdb_ fh]ml ihlj_[h\Zlvky� k l_f qlh[u
ijbagZlv \ dZq_kl\_ m]heh\gh gZdZam_fh]h mqZklb_ \
dZq_kl\_ khh[sgbdZ \ kh\_jr_gbb dZdh]h�eb[h ij_�
klmie_gby� ijbagZggh]h lZdh\uf \ khhl\_lkl\bb kh
klZlv_c �� Djhf_ lh]h� dZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd
jZkkfZljb\Z_l \hafh`ghklv ijbgylby lZdbo aZdhgh�
^Zl_evguo b ^jm]bo f_j� dZdb_ fh]ml ihlj_[h\Zlvky�
k l_f qlh[u ijbagZlv \ dZq_kl\_ m]heh\gh gZdZ�
am_fuo ^_ygby� mdZaZggu_ \ur_� dh]^Z \ gbo mqZkl�
\m_l dZdh_�eb[h bghkljZggh_ ^he`ghklgh_ ebph beb
f_`^mgZjh^guc ]jZ`^Zgkdbc kem`Zsbc� Z lZd`_
ijbagZlv m]heh\gh gZdZam_fufb ^jm]b_ nhjfu dhj�
jmipbb�
4 5 . Djhf_ lh]h� \ Dhg\_gpbb Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^b�
g_gguo GZpbc mdZau\Z_lky� qlh ij_klmie_gby� ijb�
agZggu_ lZdh\ufb� \ qZklghklb� \ khhl\_lkl\bb kh
klZlv_c �� ijbagZxlky lZdh\ufb \h \gmlj_gg_f aZdh�
gh^Zl_evkl\_ dZ`^h]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdZ g_aZ\b�
kbfh hl we_f_glh\ ljZgkgZpbhgZevgh]h oZjZdl_jZ
beb ijbqZklghklb hj]Zgbah\Zgghc ij_klmighc ]jmi�
iu �klZlvy 3 4 ) .
10
E/CN/15/2001/3
4 6 . P_ev Dhg\_gpbb Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h[ m]heh\ghc
hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx aZdexqZ_lky \ kdhhj�
^bgbjh\Zgghc djbfbgZebaZpbb rbjhdh]h djm]Z
^_ygbc� k\yaZgguo k dhjjmipb_c� Z� Zdlb\guc b
iZkkb\guc ih^dmi gZpbhgZevguo b bghkljZgguo
im[ebqguo ^he`ghklguo ebp16; b ) Zdlb\guc b iZk�
kb\guc ih^dmi gZpbhgZevguo b bghkljZgguo iZjeZ�
f_glZjb_\ b qe_gh\ f_`^mgZjh^guo iZjeZf_glkdbo
ZkkZf[e_c17� k� Zdlb\guc b iZkkb\guc ih^dmi
^he`ghklguo ebp f_`^mgZjh^guo hj]ZgbaZpbc�
d ) Zdlb\guc b iZkkb\guc ih^dmi km^_c b ^he`gh�
klguo ebp f_`^mgZjh^guo km^h\� _� Zdlb\gh_ b
iZkkb\gh_ bkihevah\Zgb_ \ebygby \ dhjuklguo
p_eyo� I� hlfu\Zgb_ ^hoh^h\� ihemq_gguo \ j_amev�
lZl_ dhjjmipbhgguo ij_klmie_gbc� Z lZd`_ [mo]Ze�
l_jkdb_ ij_klmie_gby� k\yaZggu_ k dhjjmipb_c
�klZlvb 2 – 1 4 ) .
4 7 . Djhf_ lh]h� ij_^iheZ]Z_lky� qlh dZ`^Zy klh�
jhgZ ijbf_l lZdb_ aZdhgh^Zl_evgu_ b ^jm]b_ f_ju�
dZdb_ fh]ml ihlj_[h\Zlvky� k l_f qlh[u ijbagZlv \
dZq_kl\_ m]heh\gh gZdZam_fh]h kh^_ckl\b_ beb
ih^klj_dZl_evkl\h d kh\_jr_gbx dZdh]h�eb[h m]h�
eh\gh]h ij_klmie_gby� ijbagZggh]h lZdh\uf� \
khhl\_lkl\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c �klZlvy 1 5 ) .
4 8 . Ke_^m_l ih^q_jdgmlv� qlh ihfbfh ^hdmf_glZ h
Kh\f_klguo ^_ckl\byo ?\jhi_ckdh]h KhxaZ� \ dhlh�
jhf dhgdj_lgh jZkkfZljb\Z_lky dhjjmipby \ qZklghf
k_dlhj_� Dhg\_gpby Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h[ m]heh\ghc
hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx y\ey_lky _^bgkl�
\_gguf ba jZkkfZljb\Z_fuo ^hdmf_glh\� \ dhlhjhf
m]heh\gh gZdZam_fuf ^_ygb_f ijbagZ_lky Zdlb\guc
b iZkkb\guc ih^dmi \ qZklghf k_dlhj_ �klZlvb 7b 8 ) 18 .
4 9 . < khhl\_lkl\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c ?\jhi_ckdh]h
khxaZ h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\ ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±
qe_gu ijbagZxl \ dZq_kl\_ m]heh\gh gZdZam_fh]h
^_ygby �fhr_ggbq_kl\h�19 � dhlhjh_ gZghkbl ms_j[
nbgZgkh\uf bgl_j_kZf ?\jhi_ckdbo khh[s_kl\
�klZlvy ��� I_j\uc ijhlhdhe d Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_c�
kdh]h khxaZ h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\ ij_�
^mkfZljb\Z_l ijbagZgb_ \ dZq_kl\_ m]heh\gh gZdZ�
am_fh]h ^_ygby iZkkb\ghc b Zdlb\ghc dhjjmipbb20
^he`ghklguo ebp Khh[s_kl\Z beb gZpbhgZevguo
^he`ghklguo ebp� dhlhjZy gZghkbl beb fh`_l
gZg_klb ms_j[ nbgZgkh\uf bgl_j_kZf ?\jhi_ckdbo
khh[s_kl\ �klZlvb � b ��� Z \h <lhjhf ijhlhdhe_
m]heh\gh gZdZam_fuf ^_ygb_f ijbagZ_lky hlfu\Z�
gb_ ^_g_] �klZlvy 2 ) 21 .
5 0 . < khhl\_lkl\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c ?\jhi_ckdh]h
khxaZ h [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gu
h[yaZgu ijbagZlv \ dZq_kl\_ m]heh\gh gZdZam_fh]h
^_ygby iZkkb\gmx b Zdlb\gmx dhjjmipbx kj_^b
^he`ghklguo ebp Khh[s_kl\Z beb gZpbhgZevguo
^he`ghklguo ebp �klZlvb � b ��22 � Z Kh\f_klgu_
^_ckl\by ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ ijbau\Zxl ijbagZlv
m]heh\gh gZdZam_fufb ^_ygbyfb ij_klmie_gby� k\y�
aZggu_ k iZkkb\ghc23 b Zdlb\ghc24 dhjjmipb_c \
qZklghf k_dlhj_ �klZlvb � b ���
5 1 . < khhl\_lkl\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c H:= ]hkm^Zj�
kl\Z±mqZklgbdb� dhlhju_ _s_ g_ k^_eZeb wlh]h� h[y�
aZgu ijbgylv g_h[oh^bfh_ aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\h beb
^jm]b_ f_ju� k l_f qlh[u ijbagZlv \ dZq_kl\_
m]heh\gh gZdZam_fuo Zdlu dhjjmipbb� Z� \ufh]Z�
l_evkl\h beb ijbgylb_� ebqgh beb q_j_a ihkj_^gbdZ�
ijZ\bl_evkl\_gguf ^he`ghklguf ebphf beb ebphf�
dhlhjh_ \uihegy_l im[ebqgu_ nmgdpbb� ex[h]h
ij_^f_lZ� bf_xs_]h ^_g_`gmx klhbfhklv� beb
^jm]h]h ij_bfms_kl\Z \ h[f_g gZ ex[h_ ^_ckl\b_
beb [_a^_ckl\b_ ijb bkiheg_gbb _]h im[ebqguo
nmgdpbc� b ) ij_^eh`_gb_ beb ij_^hklZ\e_gb_� ebqghbeb q_j_a ihkj_^gbdZ� dZdhfm�eb[h ijZ\bl_evkl\_g�
ghfm ^he`ghklghfm ebpm beb ebpm� dhlhjh_ \uihe�
gy_l im[ebqgu_ nmgdpbb� ex[h]h ij_^f_lZ� bf_�
xs_]h ^_g_`gmx klhbfhklv� beb ^jm]h]h ij_bfms_�
kl\Z \ h[f_g gZ ex[h_ ^_ckl\b_ beb [_a^_ckl\b_ ijb
bkiheg_gbb _]h im[ebqguo nmgdpbc� k� ex[h_ ^_c�
kl\b_ beb [_a^_ckl\b_ ijb bkiheg_gbb ]hkm^Zjkl�
\_gguf ^he`ghklguf ebphf beb ebphf� \uihe�
gyxsbf im[ebqgu_ nmgdpbb� k\hbo h[yaZgghkl_c \
p_eyo g_aZdhggh]h ihemq_gby ij_bfms_kl\ ^ey k_[y
beb ^ey dZdhc�eb[h lj_lv_c klhjhgu� d ) fhr_ggb�q_kdh_ bkihevah\Zgb_ beb khdjulb_ bfms_kl\Z�
ihemq_ggh]h \ j_amevlZl_ ex[h]h ^_ygby� mihfygm�
lh]h \ ^Zgghc klZlv_� b _� mqZklb_ \ dZq_kl\_ bkihe�
gbl_ey� khbkihegbl_ey� ih^klj_dZl_ey� khh[sgbdZ
beb khmqZklgbdZ ihke_ kh[ulby ij_klmie_gby beb
dZdbf�eb[h bguf h[jZahf \ kh\_jr_gbb beb ihiul�
d_ kh\_jr_gby beb `_ \ dZdhf�eb[h k]h\hj_ beb
lZcghf k]h\hj_ ^ey kh\_jr_gby ex[h]h ba \ur_mih�
fygmluo ^_ygbc �klZlvb V I b V I I ) .
5 2 . < khhl\_lkl\bb kh klZlvyfb 9,,, b ,; k mq_lhf
k\h_c dhgklblmpbb b hkgh\hiheZ]Zxsbo ijbgpbih\
k\h_c ijZ\h\hc kbkl_fu dZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZkl�
gbd� dhlhjh_ _s_ g_ k^_eZeh wlh]h� ijbgbfZ_l g_h[�
oh^bfu_ f_ju ^ey ijbagZgby \ dZq_kl\_ m]heh\gh
gZdZam_fh]h ^_ygby ljZgkgZpbhgZevgh]h ih^dmiZ25 b
g_aZdhggh]h h[h]Zs_gby26 � >ey l_o ]hkm^Zjkl\±
11
E/CN.15/2001/3
mqZklgbdh\� \ dhlhjuo ljZgkgZpbhgZevguc ih^dmi b
g_aZdhggh_ h[h]Zs_gb_ ijbagZxlky ij_klmie_gb_f�
lZdb_ ij_klmie_gby jZkkfZljb\Zxlky ^ey p_e_c
Dhg\_gpbb \ dZq_kl\_ ZdlZ dhjjmipbb� Ex[h_ ]hkm�
^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd� \ dhlhjhf ljZgkgZpbhgZevguc
ih^dmi b g_aZdhggh_ h[h]Zs_gb_ g_ ijbagZxlky
ij_klmie_gb_f� h[_ki_qb\Z_l \ ij_^_eZo� ^himklb�
fuo \ khhl\_lkl\bb k _]h aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf� ij_^h�
klZ\e_gb_ ihfhsb b hdZaZgb_ kh^_ckl\by \ hlghr_�
gbb lZdbo ij_klmie_gbc� dZd wlh ij_^mkfhlj_gh \
Dhg\_gpbb�
5 3 . < khhl\_lkl\bb kh klZlv_c � Dhg\_gpbb HWKJ
]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdb ijbgbfZxl f_ju� k l_f qlh�
[u ijbagZlv \ dZq_kl\_ m]heh\gh gZdZam_fh]h ^_ygby
mfure_ggh_ ij_^eh`_gb_� h[_sZgb_ beb ij_^hklZ\�
e_gb_ ex[uf ebphf ex[h]h fZl_jbZevgh]h [eZ]Z
beb ^jm]h]h ij_bfms_kl\Z� ebqgh beb q_j_a ihkj_^�
gbdh\� dZdhfm�eb[h bghkljZgghfm im[ebqghfm
^he`ghklghfm ebpm ^ey kZfh]h ^he`ghklgh]h ebpZ
beb ^ey dZdhc�eb[h lj_lv_c klhjhgu� k l_f qlh[u wlh
^he`ghklgh_ ebph kh\_jrbeh dZdh_�eb[h ^_ckl\b_
beb [_a^_ckl\b_ ijb \uiheg_gbb k\hbo ^he`gh�
klguo h[yaZgghkl_c� k l_f qlh[u ihemqblv beb
khojZgblv \hafh`ghklv hkms_kl\eylv dhff_jq_kdmx
^_yl_evghklv beb ^jm]b_ g_hijZ\^Zggu_ ij_bfm�
s_kl\Z ijb hkms_kl\e_gbb f_`^mgZjh^ghc dhff_j�
q_kdhc ^_yl_evghklb� DZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd
ijbgbfZ_l lZd`_ ex[u_ f_ju� g_h[oh^bfu_ ^ey
ijbagZgby lh]h� qlh khmqZklb_ \ dZdhf�eb[h ^_ckl�
\bb� \dexqZy ih^klj_dZl_evkl\h� kh^_ckl\b_ b ih�
kh[gbq_kl\h� beb kZgdpbhgbjh\Zgb_ dZdh]h�eb[h
^_ckl\by� k\yaZggh]h k ih^dmihf bghkljZggh]h im[�
ebqgh]h ^he`ghklgh]h ebpZ� y\ey_lky m]heh\gh gZdZ�
am_fuf ^_ygb_f� Djhf_ lh]h� ihiuldZ ih^dmiZ beb
k]h\hjZ \ p_eyo ih^dmiZ dZdh]h�eb[h bghkljZggh]h
im[ebqgh]h ^he`ghklgh]h ebpZ y\ey_lky m]heh\gh
gZdZam_fuf ^_ygb_f \ lZdhc `_ kl_i_gb� dZd b ih�
iuldZ ih^dmiZ beb k]h\hj \ p_eyo ih^dmiZ im[ebq�
gh]h ^he`ghklgh]h ebpZ ^Zggh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±
mqZklgbdZ�
5 4 . Dhg\_gpby HWKJ ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l lZd`_� qlh
dZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd� \ dhlhjhf ih^dmi
kh[kl\_ggh]h im[ebqgh]h ^he`ghklgh]h ebpZ ijb�
agZ_lky ij_klmie_gb_f ^ey p_e_c ijbf_g_gby aZdh�
gh^Zl_evkl\Z h[ hlfu\Zgbb ^_g_]� ijbgbfZ_l ZgZeh�
]bqgu_ f_ju \ hlghr_gbb ih^dmiZ bghkljZgguo
im[ebqguo ^he`ghklguo ebp �klZlvy 7 ) .
�� ������������ ����������#����
5 5 . < [hevrbgkl\_ jZkkfZljb\Z_fuo ijZ\h\uo ^h�
dmf_glh\ h [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c kh^_j`Zlky iheh`_�
gby h[ hl\_lkl\_gghklb xjb^bq_kdbo ebp�
5 6 . < klZlv_ �� Dhg\_gpbb Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^b�
g_gguo GZpbc ij_^mkfZljb\Z_lky hl\_lkl\_gghklv
xjb^bq_kdbo ebp� \ qZklghklb aZ ij_klmie_gb_� ijb�
agZggh_ lZdh\uf \ khhl\_lkl\bb kh klZlv_c � �dhj�
jmipby im[ebqguo ^he`ghklguo ebp�� Ijb mkeh\bb
kh[ex^_gby ijZ\h\uo ijbgpbih\ ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZkl�
gbdZ hl\_lkl\_gghklv xjb^bq_kdbo ebp fh`_l [ulv
m]heh\ghc� ]jZ`^Zgkdh±ijZ\h\hc beb Z^fbgbkljZ�
lb\ghc�
5 7 . < khhl\_lkl\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu
h[ m]heh\ghc hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx xjb^b�
q_kdb_ ebpZ g_kml hl\_lkl\_gghklv aZ m]heh\gu_
ij_klmie_gby Zdlb\gh]h \aylhqgbq_kl\Z� �lhj]h\eb
\ebygb_f� b hlfu\Zgby ^_g_]� dZd hgb hij_^_e_gu \
khhl\_lkl\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c� kh\_jrZ_fu_ \ bgl_j_�
kZo dZdh]h�eb[h nbabq_kdh]h ebpZ� dhlhjh_ ^_ckl�
\m_l bg^b\b^mZevgh beb \ jZfdZo hj]ZgZ xjb^bq_�
kdh]h ebpZ b dhlhjh_ aZgbfZ_l jmdh\h^ysmx ^he`�
ghklv \ jZfdZo xjb^bq_kdh]h ebpZ� Z lZd`_ aZ mqZ�
klb_ lZdh]h nbabq_kdh]h ebpZ \ dZq_kl\_ ihkh[gbdZ
beb ih^klj_dZl_ey \ \ur_mihfygmluo ij_klmi�
e_gbyo �klZlvy ��� imgdl ��� Djhf_ lh]h� dZ`^h_
]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd ijbgbfZ_l g_h[oh^bfu_ f_ju
^ey h[_ki_q_gby lh]h� qlh[u xjb^bq_kdh_ ebph
fh`gh [ueh ijb\e_qv d hl\_lkl\_gghklb \ kemqZyo�
dh]^Z keZ[uc gZ^ahj beb dhgljhev kh klhjhgu nbab�
q_kdh]h ebpZ iha\hebe kh\_jrblv mihfygmlu_ \ur_
m]heh\gu_ ij_klmie_gby \ bgl_j_kZo wlh]h xjb^bq_�
kdh]h ebpZ ih^qbg_gguf _fm nbabq_kdbf ebphf
�klZlvy �� imgdl 2 ) .
5 8 . Dhg\_gpby ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ h aZsbl_ nb�
gZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\ ijb\ghkbl dhgp_ipbx �m]heh\�
ghc hl\_lkl\_gghklb jmdh\h^bl_e_c ij_^ijbylbc� b
mklZgZ\eb\Z_l� qlh dZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±qe_g ^he`gh
ijbgylv g_h[oh^bfu_ f_ju ^ey h[_ki_q_gby lh]h�
qlh[u jmdh\h^bl_eb ij_^ijbylbc beb ex[u_ ebpZ�
bf_xsb_ ijZ\h ijbgbfZlv j_r_gby beb hkms_kl\�
eylv dhgljhev \ jZfdZo ij_^ijbylby� g_keb m]h�
eh\gmx hl\_lkl\_gghklv \ khhl\_lkl\bb k ijbg�
pbiZfb� hij_^_e_ggufb _]h gZpbhgZevguf aZdhgh�
^Zl_evkl\hf \ kemqZyo� dh]^Z fhr_ggbq_kl\h� aZljZ�
]b\Zxs__ bgl_j_ku ?\jhi_ckdh]h khh[s_kl\Z� kh�
\_jrZ_lky ih^qbg_gguf bf ebphf� ^_ckl\mxsbf hl
12
E/CN/15/2001/3
bf_gb ij_^ijbylby �klZlvy ��� :gZeh]bqgh_ iheh`_�
gb_ h xjb^bq_kdhc hl\_lkl\_gghklb jmdh\h^bl_e_c
ij_^ijbylby kh^_j`blky \ Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h
khxaZ h [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c �klZlvy 6 ) .
5 9 . Ih \hijhkm hl hl\_lkl\_gghklb xjb^bq_kdbo
ebp \h <lhjhf ijhlhdhe_ d Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h
khxaZ h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\ �klZlvy �� b \
Kh\f_klguo ^_ckl\byo ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ �klZ�
lvy �� \ agZqbl_evghc f_j_ ih\lhjyxlky iheh`_gby
Dhg\_gpbb Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h[ m]heh\ghc hl\_l�
kl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx� <h <lhjhf ijhlhdhe_ b \
Kh\f_klguo ^_ckl\byo ?\jhi_ckdh]h kh\_lZ� dZd \
ijZ\h\uo ^hdmf_glZo Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu� lZd`_ ij_^m�
kfZljb\Z_lky \hafh`ghklv ijb\e_q_gby xjb^bq_�
kdh]h ebpZ d hl\_lkl\_gghklb� dh]^Z hlkmlkl\b_ beb
g_^hklZlhd gZ^ahjZ beb dhgljhey kh klhjhgu ebpZ�
dhlhjh_ aZgbfZ_l jmdh\h^ysmx ^he`ghklv \ jZfdZo
xjb^bq_kdh]h ebpZ� iha\hebeb kh\_jrblv fhr_ggb�
q_kl\h beb Zdl Zdlb\ghc dhjjmipbb beb hlfu\Zgby
^_g_] \ bgl_j_kZo wlh]h xjb^bq_kdh]h ebpZ dZdbf�
eb[h ih^qbg_gguf _fm ebphf�
6 0 . < khhl\_lkl\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c HWKJ dZ`^uc
mqZklgbd ijbgbfZ_l lZdb_ f_ju� dhlhju_ fh]ml
ihlj_[h\Zlvky \ khhl\_lkl\bb kh k\hbfb ijZ\h\ufb
ijbgpbiZfb� ^ey mklZgh\e_gby hl\_lkl\_gghklb
xjb^bq_kdbo ebp aZ ih^dmi bghkljZggh]h ^he`ghkl�
gh]h ebpZ �klZlvy 2 ) .
D . *������ �����
6 1 . Qlh dZkZ_lky f_j b kZgdpbc� lh Dhg\_gpby
Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc ]eZkbl� qlh dZ`�
^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd ijbgbfZ_l aZdhgh^Zl_ev�
gu_� Z^fbgbkljZlb\gu_ b ^jm]b_ wnn_dlb\gu_ f_ju
^ey kh^_ckl\by ^h[jhkh\_klghklb� Z lZd`_ ^ey
ij_^mij_`^_gby b \uy\e_gby dhjjmipbb kj_^b im[�
ebqguo ^he`ghklguo ebp b gZdZaZgby aZ g__ b
ijbgbfZ_l f_ju ^ey h[_ki_q_gby wnn_dlb\guo ^_c�
kl\bc _]h hj]Zgh\ \ h[eZklb ij_^mij_`^_gby b
\uy\e_gby dhjjmipbb kj_^b im[ebqguo ^he`ghkl�
guo ebp b gZdZaZgby aZ g__� \ lhf qbke_ iml_f
ij_^hklZ\e_gby lZdbf hj]ZgZf ^hklZlhqghc g_aZ\b�
kbfhklb ^ey \hkij_iylkl\h\Zgby g_ijZ\hf_jghfm
\ebygbx gZ bo ^_ckl\by �klZlvy ��� Dhg\_gpby ij_�
^mkfZljb\Z_l lZd`_� qlh dZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h h[_ki_�
qb\Z_l ijbf_g_gb_ \ hlghr_gbb xjb^bq_kdbo ebp
wnn_dlb\guo� khjZaf_jguo b hdZau\Zxsbo k^_j`b�
\Zxs__ \ha^_ckl\b_ m]heh\guo beb g_m]heh\guo
kZgdpbc� \dexqZy ^_g_`gu_ kZgdpbb �klZlvy 1 0 ) .Djhf_ lh]h� dZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd aZ kh\_j�
r_gb_ dZdh]h�eb[h ij_klmie_gby� ijbagZggh]h lZdh�
\uf \ khhl\_lkl\bb� \ qZklghklb� kh klZlv_c �� ij_�
^mkfZljb\Z_l ijbf_g_gb_ lZdbo kZgdpbc� dhlhju_
mqblu\Zxl kl_i_gv hiZkghklb wlh]h ij_klmie_gby
�klZlvy 1 1 ) .
6 2 . GZ hkgh\Zgbb Dhg\_gpbb Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h[
m]heh\ghc hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx ]hkm^Zj�
kl\Zf ij_^ibku\Z_lky ijbgylv wnn_dlb\gu_� khjZa�
f_jgu_ b hdZau\Zxsb_ k^_j`b\Zxs__ \ha^_ckl\b_
kZgdpbb b f_ju� \ lhf qbke_� dh]^Z ij_klmie_gb_
kh\_jrZ_lky nbabq_kdbf ebphf� gZdZaZgby� k\yaZg�
gu_ k ebr_gb_f k\h[h^u� dhlhju_ fh]ml ih\e_qv
\u^Zqm �klZlvy ��� imgdl ��� < hlghr_gbb xjb^b�
q_kdbo ebp ijbf_gyxlky wnn_dlb\gu_� khjZaf_jgu_
b hdZau\Zxsb_ k^_j`b\Zxs__ \ha^_ckl\b_ m]heh\�
gu_ beb g_m]heh\gu_ kZgdpbb� \dexqZy ^_g_`gu_
kZgdpbb �klZlvy ��� imgdl 2 ) .
6 3 . M]heh\gu_ kZgdpbb� dhlhju_ y\eyxlky wnn_d�
lb\gufb� khjZaf_jgufb b hdZau\Zxsbfb k^_j`b�
\Zxs__ \ebygb_� \ lhf qbke_ – ih djZcg_c f_j_ \
k_jv_aguo kemqZyo – gZdZaZgby� k\yaZggu_ k ebr_�
gb_f k\h[h^u� dhlhju_ fh]ml ih\e_qv \u^Zqm� ij_^m�
kfZljb\Zxlky lZd`_ Dhg\_gpb_c ?\jhi_ckdh]h khx�
aZ h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\ �klZlvy ��� I_j�
\uf ijhlhdhehf d Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ h
aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\ �klZlvy ��� Dhg\_gpbb
?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ h [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c �klZ�
lvy �� b Kh\f_klgufb ^_ckl\byfb ?\jhi_ckdh]h
khxaZ �klZlvy �� ijbf_gbl_evgh d ^_ygbyf� mihfygm�luf \ wlbo ^hdmf_glZo� Z lZd`_ d mqZklbx \ lZdbo
^_ygbyo beb ih^klj_dZl_evkl\m d gbf�
6 4 . < hlghr_gbb xjb^bq_kdbo ebp \h <lhjhf ijh�
lhdhe_ d Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ h aZsbl_
nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\ �klZlvy �� b Kh\f_klguo ^_c�
kl\byo ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ �klZlvy �� ij_^mkfZl�
jb\Zxlky wnn_dlb\gu_� khjZaf_jgu_ b hdZau\Z�
xsb_ k^_j`b\Zxs__ \ha^_ckl\b_ kZgdpbb� dhlhju_
\dexqZxl m]heh\gu_ beb g_m]heh\gu_ gZdZaZgby b
fh]ml \dexqZlv lZdb_ kZgdpbb� dZd� Z� ebr_gb_ ijZ�
\Z gZ ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggu_ ev]hlu beb ihfhsv� E� \j_�
f_ggh_ beb ihklhyggh_ ebr_gb_ ijZ\Z aZgbfZlvky
dhff_jq_kdhc ^_yl_evghklvx� k� km^_[guc gZ^ahj� b
d ) ijbgm^bl_evgZy ebd\b^Zpby ih j_r_gbx km^Z�
6 5 . AZ ih^dmi bghkljZgguo ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo ^he`�
ghklguo ebp Dhg\_gpby HWKJ ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l dZd
\ hlghr_gbb nbabq_kdbo� lZd b xjb^bq_kdbo ebp27
13
E/CN.15/2001/3
m]heh\gu_ gZdZaZgby� dhlhju_ y\eyxlky wnn_dlb\�
gufb� khjZaf_jgufb b hdZau\Zxsbfb k^_j`b�
\Zxs__ \ha^_ckl\b_� < Dhg\_gpbb mlhqgy_lky� qlh
gZdZaZgby ^he`gu [ulv kh\f_klbfufb k gZdZaZ�
gbyfb� ijbf_gbfufb \ kemqZ_ ih^dmiZ ^he`gh�
klguo ebp� y\eyxsboky ]jZ`^ZgZfb ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±
mqZklgbdZ� b \ kemqZ_ nbabq_kdbo ebp ^he`gu
\dexqZlv ebr_gb_ k\h[h^u gZ kjhd� ^hklZlhqguc
^ey h[_ki_q_gby wnn_dlb\ghc \aZbfghc xjb^bq_�
kdhc ihfhsb b \u^Zqb �klZlvy 3 ) .
'� +�������������
6 6 . Ba ZgZebabjm_fuo \ gZklhys_f jZa^_e_ jZaebq�
guo ijZ\h\uo ^hdmf_glh\ h [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c
Dhg\_gpby H:= kh^_j`bl gZb[he__ ih^jh[gu_ iheh�
`_gby� dZkZxsb_ky ij_^mij_`^_gby dhjjmipbb28.
6 7 . < khhl\_lkl\bb kh klZlv_c ,,, ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±
mqZklgbdb kh]eZrZxlky jZkkfhlj_lv \hijhk h ijb�
f_gbfhklb� \ jZfdZo k\hbo bgklblmpbhgZevguo kbk�
l_f� jy^Z jZaebqguo f_j ^ey ij_^mij_`^_gby Zdlh\
dhjjmipbb� < qZklghklb� lZdb_ f_ju gZijZ\e_gu gZ
jZajZ[hldm� ijbf_g_gb_ b mkbe_gb_ Z� ghjf ih\_�
^_gby ^ey dhjj_dlgh]h� q_klgh]h b gZ^e_`Zs_]h \u�
iheg_gby ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo nmgdpbc� E� f_oZgbafh\
h[_ki_q_gby kh[ex^_gby wlbo ghjf ih\_^_gby�
k� bgkljmdpbc ^ey ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo khljm^gbdh\ ^ey
h[_ki_q_gby ijZ\bevgh]h ihgbfZgby bfb k\hbo
h[yaZgghkl_c b wlbq_kdbo ijZ\be� j_]mebjmxsbo bo
^_yl_evghklv� G� kbkl_f j_]bkljZpbb ^hoh^Z� bfms_�
kl\Z b ^he]h\ ebp� dhlhju_ \uihegyxl ]hkm^Zjkl�
\_ggu_ nmgdpbb gZ hij_^_e_gguo ^he`ghklyo� h]h�
\hj_gguo aZdhghf� _� kbkl_f ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h gZc�
fZ b aZdmidb lh\Zjh\ b mkem]� dhlhju_ h[_ki_qb\Zeb
[u bo hldjulhklv� kijZ\_^eb\hklv b wnn_dlb\ghklv�
f ) ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo kbkl_f k[hjZ b dhgljhey ih^h�
oh^guo gZeh]h\� J� aZdhgh\� dhlhju_ bkdexqZeb [u
ij_^hklZ\e_gb_ gZeh]h\uo ev]hl dZdhfm�eb[h ebpm
beb dhjihjZpbb \ k\yab k jZkoh^Zfb� ijhba\_^_g�
gufb \ gZjmr_gb_ aZdhgh\ h [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c
]hkm^Zjkl\±mqZklgbdh\� K� kbkl_f aZsblu ]hkm^Zj�
kl\_gguo kem`Zsbo b qZklguo ]jZ`^Zg� dhlhju_
^h[jhkh\_klgh khh[sZxl h[ ZdlZo dhjjmipbb� L� gZ^�
ahjguo hj]Zgh\ \ p_eyo h[_ki_q_gby jZ[hlu kh\j_�
f_gguo f_oZgbafh\ ^ey ij_^mij_`^_gby� h[gZjm�
`_gby b bkdhj_g_gby Zdlh\ dhjjmipbb b gZdZaZgby aZ
gbo� J� f_oZgbafh\� ij_iylkl\mxsbo ih^dmim gZ�
pbhgZevguo b bghkljZgguo ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo ^he`�
ghklguo ebp� gZijbf_j f_oZgbafh\� h[_ki_qb\Z�
xsbo� qlh[u im[ebqgu_ dhfiZgbb b ^jm]b_ ZkkhpbZ�
pbb \_eb [mo]Zel_jkdb_ dgb]b b aZibkb� \ dhlhjuo
lhqgh hljZ`Zehkv [u ijbh[j_l_gb_ b jZkoh^h\Zgb_
nhg^h\� b ijbf_gyeb khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ bgkljmf_glu
\gmlj_gg_]h [mo]Zel_jkdh]h dhgljhey� iha\heyxsb_
bo khljm^gbdZf \uy\eylv Zdlu dhjjmipbb� N� f_oZ�
gbafh\� ihhsjyxsbo mqZklb_ ]jZ`^Zgkdh]h h[s_kl�
\Z b g_ijZ\bl_evkl\_gguo hj]ZgbaZpbc \ ^_yl_ev�
ghklb ih ij_^mij_`^_gbx dhjjmipbb� b O� f_oZgba�
fh\ bamq_gby ^hihegbl_evguo ij_\_glb\guo f_j�
mqblu\Zxsbo k\yav f_`^m kijZ\_^eb\uf \hagZ�
]jZ`^_gb_f b ihjy^hqghklvx ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo
kem`Zsbo�
6 8 . < Dhg\_gpbb Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZ�
pbc ijb\ghkblky b ihhsjy_lky dhgp_ipby �^h[jhkh�
\_klghklb� im[ebqguo ^he`ghklguo ebp b ij_^m�
kfZljb\Z_lky� qlh dZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd ijb�
gbfZ_l f_ju ^ey h[_ki_q_gby wnn_dlb\guo ^_ckl�
\bc _]h hj]Zgh\ \ h[eZklb ij_^mij_`^_gby b \uy\�
e_gby dhjjmipbb kj_^b im[ebqguo ^he`ghklguo ebp
b gZdZaZgby aZ g__� \ lhf qbke_ iml_f ij_^hklZ\�
e_gby lZdbf hj]ZgZf ^hklZlhqghc g_aZ\bkbfhklb
^ey \hkij_iylkl\h\Zgby g_ijZ\hf_jghfm \ebygbx
gZ bo ^_ckl\by �klZlvy 9 ) .
6 9 . Ih \hijhkm h ij_^mij_`^_gbb Dhg\_gpby
Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h[ m]heh\ghc hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ
dhjjmipbx mklZgZ\eb\Z_l� qlh dZ`^uc mqZklgbd ijb�
gbfZ_l lZdb_ f_ju� dZdb_ fh]ml [ulv g_h[oh^bfufb
^ey h[_ki_q_gby lh]h� qlh[u ebpZ beb hj]Zgu ki_�
pbZevgh aZgbfZebkv [hjv[hc k dhjjmipb_c� qlh[u
hgb h[eZ^Zeb g_h[oh^bfhc g_aZ\bkbfhklvx b qlh[u
khljm^gbdb lZdbo hj]Zgh\ bf_eb khhl\_lkl\mxsmx
ih^]hlh\dm b nbgZgkh\u_ j_kmjku ^ey \uiheg_gby
klhysbo i_j_^ gbfb aZ^Zq �klZlvy 2 0 ) .
7 0 . Dhg\_gpby HWKJ lj_[m_l� qlh[u mqZklgbdb
ijbgyeb g_h[oh^bfu_ f_ju \ jZfdZo bo khhl\_l�
kl\mxsbo aZdhgh\ b ijZ\be ^ey aZij_s_gby kha�
^Zgby kq_lh\� g_ nb]mjbjmxsbo \ [mo]Zel_jkdhc
hlq_lghklb� beb ZgZeh]bqghc ijZdlbdb� bkihev�
am_fhc ^ey ih^dmiZ bghkljZgguo ^he`ghklguo ebp
beb khdjulby kemqZ_\ lZdh]h ih^dmiZ �klZlvy 8 ) .
F. ,��������
7 1 . Ih \hijhkm h xjbk^bdpbb Dhg\_gpby Hj]Z�
gbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc ]eZkbl� qlh dZ`^h_ ]h�
14
E/CN/15/2001/3
km^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd ijbgbfZ_l lZdb_ f_ju� dhlhju_
fh]ml ihlj_[h\Zlvky� k l_f qlh[u mklZgh\blv k\hx
xjbk^bdpbx \ hlghr_gbb ij_klmie_gbc� ijbagZg�
guo lZdh\ufb \ Dhg\_gpbb� dh]^Z Z� ij_klmie_gb_
kh\_jr_gh gZ l_jjblhjbb wlh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZkl�
gbdZ� beb E� ij_klmie_gb_ kh\_jr_gh gZ [hjlm
km^gZ� dhlhjh_ g_keh neZ] wlh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZkl�
gbdZ \ fhf_gl kh\_jr_gby ij_klmie_gby� beb \ha�
^mrgh]h km^gZ� dhlhjh_ aZj_]bkljbjh\Zgh \ khhl\_l�
kl\bb k aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf wlh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZkl�
gbdZ \ lZdhc fhf_gl �klZlvy ��� imgdl ��� Ijb mkeh�
\bb kh[ex^_gby klZlvb �� �AZsblZ km\_j_gbl_lZ��
]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd fh`_l mklZgh\blv k\hx xjbk�
^bdpbx \ hlghr_gbb ex[h]h lZdh]h ij_klmie_gby�
dh]^Z Z� ij_klmie_gb_ kh\_jr_gh ijhlb\ ]jZ`^ZgbgZ
wlh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdZ� beb E� ij_klmie_gb_
kh\_jr_gh ]jZ`^Zgbghf wlh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZkl�
gbdZ beb ebphf [_a ]jZ`^Zgkl\Z� dhlhjh_ h[uqgh
ijh`b\Z_l gZ _]h l_jjblhjbb �klZlvy ��� imgdl ��Z�
b ( b ) ) .
7 2 . Ke_^m_l ^h[Z\blv� qlh \ khhl\_lkl\bb k imgd�
lhf �� klZlvb �� ]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd� gZ l_jjblh�
jbb dhlhjh]h gZoh^blky ebph� ih^haj_\Z_fh_ \ kh�
\_jr_gbb ij_klmie_gby� _keb hgh g_ \u^Z_l lZdh_
ebph \ k\yab k ij_klmie_gb_f� d dhlhjhfm ijbf_gy�
_lky Dhg\_gpby� ebrv gZ lhf hkgh\Zgbb� qlh hgh
y\ey_lky h^gbf ba _]h ]jZ`^Zg� h[yaZgh� ih ijhkv[_
]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdZ� aZijZrb\Zxs_]h \u^Zqm� i_�
j_^Zlv ^_eh [_a g_hijZ\^Zgguo aZ^_j`_d k\hbf
dhfi_l_glguf hj]ZgZf ^ey p_eb ij_ke_^h\Zgby29.
7 3 . Kh]eZkgh iheh`_gbyf Dhg\_gpbb Kh\_lZ ?\jh�
iu h[ m]heh\ghc hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx�
dZ`^uc mqZklgbd ijbgbfZ_l lZdb_ aZdhgh^Zl_evgu_
b bgu_ f_ju� dZdb_ fh]ml ihlj_[h\Zlvky� k l_f
qlh[u mklZgh\blv xjbk^bdpbx \ hlghr_gbb m]heh\�
gh]h ij_klmie_gby� ijbagZ\Z_fh]h lZdh\uf \ khhl�
\_lkl\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c� dh]^Z Z� ij_klmie_gb_ ihe�
ghklvx beb qZklbqgh kh\_jr_gh gZ _]h l_jjblhjbb�
b ) ebph� _]h kh\_jrb\r__� y\ey_lky h^gbf ba _]h
]jZ`^Zg� h^gbf ba _]h ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo kem`Zsbo
beb qe_ghf h^ghc ba _]h \gmlj_ggbo im[ebqguo
ZkkZf[e_c� b k� d ij_klmie_gbx ijbqZkl_g h^bg ba
_]h ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo kem`Zsbo beb qe_gh\ _]h \gml�
j_ggbo im[ebqguo ZkkZf[e_c beb ex[h_ ebph� mih�
fygmlh_ \ klZlvyo �±�� �l�_� khljm^gbdb f_`^mgZ�
jh^guo hj]ZgbaZpbc� qe_gu f_`^mgZjh^guo iZjeZ�
f_glkdbo ZkkZf[e_c� Z lZd`_ km^vb b khljm^gbdb
f_`^mgZjh^guo km^h\�� dhlhjuc \ lh `_ \j_fy
y\ey_lky h^gbf ba _]h ]jZ`^Zg� Djhf_ lh]h� dZ`^h_
]hkm^Zjkl\h fh`_l \h \j_fy ih^ibkZgby b ijb k^Zq_
gZ ojZg_gb_ jZlbnbdZpbhgghc ]jZfhlu beb ^hdm�
f_glZ h ijbgylbb� ml\_j`^_gbb beb ijbkh_^bg_gbb
ij_^klZ\blv =_g_jZevghfm k_dj_lZjx Kh\_lZ ?\�
jhiu m\_^hfe_gb_� \ dhlhjhf hgh j_a_j\bjm_l aZ
kh[hc ijZ\h g_ ijbf_gylv beb ijbf_gylv lhevdh \
dhgdj_lguo kemqZyo beb mkeh\byo ijZ\beZ h xjbk�
^bdpbb� baeh`_ggu_ \ Dhg\_gpbb �klZlvy 1 7 ) 30 .
7 4 . Dhg\_gpby ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ h aZsbl_ nb�
gZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\ ]eZkbl� qlh dZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±
qe_g ijbgbfZ_l lZdb_ f_ju� dZdb_ fh]ml ihlj_[h�
\Zlvky� k l_f qlh[u mklZgh\blv k\hx xjbk^bdpbx \
hlghr_gbb ij_klmie_gbc� ijbagZgguo lZdh\ufb \
khhl\_lkl\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c� dh]^Z Z� fhr_ggbq_kl\h�
mqZklb_ \ fhr_ggbq_kl\_ beb ihiuldZ fhr_ggbq_�
kl\Z� aZljZ]b\Zxsb_ nbgZgkh\u_ bgl_j_ku ?\jhi_c�
kdbo khh[s_kl\� kh\_jr_gu iheghklvx beb qZklbq�
gh gZ _]h l_jjblhjbb� \ lhf qbke_ fhr_ggbq_kl\h�
\u]h^Z hl dhlhjh]h [ueZ ihemq_gZ gZ wlhc l_jjblh�
jbb� E� ebph gZ _]h l_jjblhjbb khagZl_evgh ihfh]Z_l
beb ih[m`^Z_l d kh\_jr_gbx lZdh]h fhr_ggbq_kl\Z
gZ l_jjblhjbb dZdh]h�eb[h ^jm]h]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z� b
k� ijZ\hgZjmrbl_ev y\ey_lky ]jZ`^Zgbghf khhl\_l�
kl\mxs_]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gZ� ijb mkeh\bb� qlh
aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\h wlh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gZ fh`_l
h[mkeh\blv gZdZam_fhklv lZdh]h ih\_^_gby lZd`_ b \
kljZg_� ]^_ lZdb_ ^_ckl\by [ueb kh\_jr_gu �klZ�
lvy 4 ) .
7 5 . I_j\uc ijhlhdhe d Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h
khxaZ h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\ lZd`_ mklZ�
gZ\eb\Z_l jy^ djbl_jb_\ i_j_^Zqb ]hkm^Zjkl\hf±
qe_ghf xjbk^bdpbb gZ ij_ke_^h\Zgb_ b km^_[gh_
jZa[bjZl_evkl\h ^_e� k\yaZgguo k ij_klmie_gbyfb�
gZ dhlhju_ jZkijhkljZgy_lky ^Zgguc Ijhlhdhe� dh]�
^Z Z� ij_klmie_gb_ iheghklvx beb qZklbqgh kh\_j�
r_gh gZ _]h l_jjblhjbb� E� ebph� kh\_jrb\r__ ij_�
klmie_gb_� y\ey_lky h^gbf ba _]h ]jZ`^Zg beb h^gbf
ba _]h khljm^gbdh\� k� ij_klmie_gb_ kh\_jr_gh
ijhlb\ ]jZ`^ZgbgZ ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gZ� dhlhjuc
y\ey_lky ^he`ghklguf ebphf� dZd wlh hij_^_e_gh
Ijhlhdhehf� beb qe_ghf h^gh]h ba bgklblmlh\
Khh[s_kl\Z� b G� ebph� kh\_jrb\r__ ij_klmie_gb_�
y\ey_lky ^he`ghklguf ebphf Khh[s_kl\Z� jZ[hlZ�
xsbf gZ h^bg ba bgklblmlh\ Khh[s_kl\Z� beb hj]Zg�
kha^Zgguc \ khhl\_lkl\bb k ^h]h\hjZfb h kha^Zgbb
?\jhi_ckdbo khh[s_kl\� rlZ[±d\ZjlbjZ dhlhjh]h
jZkiheh`_gZ \ khhl\_lkl\mxs_f ]hkm^Zj�kl\_±qe_g_
�klZlvy 6 ) . :gZeh]bqgu_ iheh`_gby� dZkZxsb_ky
15
E/CN.15/2001/3
xjbk^bdpbb� kh^_j`Zlky \ Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h
khxaZ h [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c �klZ�lvy 7 ) .
7 6 . Kh]eZkgh Kh\f_klguf ^_ckl\byf ?\jhi_ckdh]h
khxaZ� dZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±qe_g ijbgbfZ_l g_h[oh�
^bfu_ f_ju ^ey mklZgh\e_gby k\h_c xjbk^bdpbb \
hlghr_gbb ij_klmie_gbc iZkkb\ghc beb Zdlb\ghc
dhjjmipbb \ qZklghf k_dlhj_� dh]^Z lZdh_ ij_klmi�
e_gb_ kh\_jr_gh Z� iheghklvx beb qZklbqgh gZ _]h
l_jjblhjbb� beb b ) h^gbf ba _]h ]jZ`^Zg� ijb
mkeh\bb� qlh aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\h wlh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±
qe_gZ fh`_l lj_[h\Zlv gZdZaZgby aZ lZdh_ ^_ygb_
lZd`_ b \ ]hkm^Zjkl\_� ]^_ hgh [ueh kh\_jr_gh� beb
k� \ bgl_j_kZo xjb^bq_kdh]h ebpZ� ^_ckl\mxs_]h \
qZklghf k_dlhj_� ]eZ\gZy dhglhjZ dhlhjh]h gZoh^blky
gZ l_jjblhjbb wlh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gZ �klZlvy 7 ) .
7 7 . < khhl\_lkl\bb kh klZlv_c V Dhg\_gpbb H:=
dZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd ijbgbfZ_l lZdb_ f_�
ju� dhlhju_ fh]ml ihlj_[h\Zlvky� k l_f qlh[u mklZ�
gh\blv k\hx xjbk^bdpbx \ hlghr_gbb ij_klmi�
e_gbc� ijbagZgguo lZdh\ufb \ khhl\_lkl\bb k
Dhg\_gpb_c� dh]^Z ^Zggh_ ij_klmie_gb_ Z� kh\_jr_�gh gZ _]h l_jjblhjbb� beb b ) kh\_jr_gh h^gbf ba _]h
]jZ`^Zg beb ebphf� dhlhjh_ h[uqgh ijh`b\Z_l gZ
_]h l_jjblhjbb� beb k� dh]^Z ebph� ih^haj_\Z_fh_ \
kh\_jr_gbb ij_klmie_gby� gZoh^blky gZ _]h l_jjb�
lhjbb b ]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd g_ \u^Z_l lZdh_ ebph
gZ hkgh\Zgbb ]jZ`^Zgkl\Z ebpZ� ih^haj_\Z_fh]h \
kh\_jr_gbb ij_klmie_gby�
7 8 . DZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h – mqZklgbd Dhg\_gpbb
HWKJ ^he`gh mklZgh\blv xjbk^bdpbx \ hlghr_gbb
ih^dmiZ bghkljZgguo ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo ^he`ghkl�
guo ebp� dh]^Z lZdh_ ij_klmie_gb_ kh\_jrZ_lky ihe�
ghklvx beb qZklbqgh gZ _]h l_jjblhjbb� DZ`^h_
]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd� dhlhjh_ h[eZ^Z_l xjbk^bd�
pb_c gZ ij_ke_^h\Zgb_ k\hbo ]jZ`^Zg \ k\yab k
ij_klmie_gbyfb� kh\_jr_ggufb aZ jm[_`hf� ijbgb�
fZ_l lZdb_ f_ju� dZdb_ fh]ml ihlj_[h\Zlvky� k l_f
qlh[u mklZgh\blv k\hx xjbk^bdpbx gZ wlh \ hlgh�
r_gbb ih^dmiZ bghkljZggh]h ^he`ghklgh]h ebpZ
�klZlvy �� imgdlu � b ���
7 9 . Djhf_ lh]h� Dhg\_gpby HWKJ ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l�
qlh mqZklgbdb i_j_kfZljb\Zxl k\hx gug_rgxx
hkgh\m ^ey xjbk^bdpbb b ijbgbfZxl f_ju ih
bkijZ\e_gbx iheh`_gby� _keb hgZ g_ y\ey_lky
wnn_dlb\ghc \ [hjv[_ k ih^dmihf bghkljZgguo
^he`ghklguo ebp� MqZklgbdb ^he`gu dhgkmevlbjh�
\Zlvky ^jm] k ^jm]hf� dh]^Z [he__ q_f h^bg mqZklgbd
bf__l xjbk^bdpbx \ hlghr_gbb lZdh]h ^_ygby \
p_eyo hij_^_e_gby gZb[he__ khhl\_lkl\mxs_c xjbk�
^bdpbb ^ey hkms_kl\e_gby ij_ke_^h\Zgby �klZlvy 4 ,imgdlu � b ��31.
8 0 . G_dhlhju_ ba jZkkfZljb\Z_fuo ^hdmf_glh\
kh^_j`Zl iheh`_gb_� gZijZ\e_ggh_ gZ h[_ki_q_gb_
]ZjZglbb lh]h� qlh[u bo khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ klZlvb�
dZkZxsb_ky xjbk^bdpbb� g_ bkdexqZeb hkms_kl\�
e_gby ex[hc m]heh\ghc xjbk^bdpbb� mklZgh\e_gghc
]hkm^Zjkl\hf±mqZklgbdhf \ khhl\_lkl\bb kh k\hbf
\gmlj_ggbf aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf32.
G . *����� �������������������
8 1 . Kh]eZkgh klZlv_ �� Dhg\_gpbb Hj]ZgbaZpbb
H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc \u^ZqZ lh]h beb bgh]h ebpZ ba
^jm]h]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdZ fh`_l [ulv aZijh�
r_gZ \ kemqZ_ q_luj_o dhgdj_lguo ij_klmie_gbc�
ho\Zlu\Z_fuo Dhg\_gpb_c33 � beb \ kemqZ_ ex[h]h
^jm]h]h ij_klmie_gby hiZkgh]h oZjZdl_jZ� dh]^Z \
g_f aZf_rZgZ hj]Zgbah\ZggZy ij_klmigZy ]jmiiZ�
dh]^Z ebph� \u^ZqZ dhlhjh]h aZijZrb\Z_lky� gZoh�
^blky \ aZijZrb\Z_fhf ]hkm^Zjkl\_±mqZklgbd_ b
dh]^Z wlh ij_klmie_gb_ gZdZam_fh ih \gmlj_gg_fm
aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\m h[hbo ]hkm^Zjkl\34.
8 2 . DZd m`_ mihfbgZehkv \ jZa^_e_� dZkZxs_fky
xjbk^bdpbb� kh]eZkgh Dhg\_gpbb Hj]ZgbaZpbb
H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc ]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd� gZ l_j�
jblhjbb dhlhjh]h gZoh^blky ebph� ih^haj_\Z_fh_ \
kh\_jr_gbb ij_klmie_gby� _keb hgh g_ \u^Z_l lZdh_
ebph \ k\yab k ij_klmie_gb_f� d dhlhjhfm ijbf_gy�
_lky Dhg\_gpby� ebrv gZ lhf hkgh\Zgbb� qlh hgh
y\ey_lky h^gbf ba _]h ]jZ`^Zg� h[yaZgh� ih ijhkv[_
]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdZ� aZijZrb\Zxs_]h \u^Zqm� i_�
j_^Zlv ^_eh [_a g_hijZ\^Zgguo aZ^_j`_d k\hbf
dhfi_l_glguf hj]ZgZf ^ey p_eb ij_ke_^h\Zgby
�klZlvy ��� imgdl 1 0 ) 35 � B gZdhg_p� ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±
mqZklgbdb g_ fh]ml hldZau\Zlv \ \uiheg_gbb ijhkv�
[u h \u^Zq_ ebrv gZ lhf hkgh\Zgbb� qlh ij_klmi�
e_gb_ kqblZ_lky lZd`_ k\yaZgguf k gZeh]h\ufb
\hijhkZfb �klZlvy ��� imgdl 1 5 ) .
8 3 . Kh]eZkgh klZlv_ ��� ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdb hdZ�
au\Zxl ^jm] ^jm]m kZfmx rbjhdmx \aZbfgmx ijZ\h�
\mx ihfhsv \ jZkke_^h\Zgbb� m]heh\ghf ij_ke_�
^h\Zgbb beb km^_[ghf jZa[bjZl_evkl\_ \ k\yab k
ij_klmie_gbyfb� ho\Zlu\Z_fufb Dhg\_gpb_c� Iheh�
`_gby wlhc klZlvb fh]ml bkihevah\Zlvky ^ey ihem�
q_gby k\b^_l_evkdbo ihdZaZgbc beb ^jm]bo aZy\e_�
16
E/CN/15/2001/3
gbc� ijh\_^_gby h[ukdZ beb ijhba\h^kl\Z \u_fdb
beb Zj_klZ� \jmq_gby km^_[guo ^hdmf_glh\� hkfhljZ
h[t_dlh\ b mqZkldh\ f_klghklb� ihemq_gby ih^ebg�
gbdh\ ^hdmf_glh\ beb aZ\_j_gguo dhibc� \uy\e_gby
beb hlke_`b\Zgby ^hoh^h\ hl ij_klmie_gbc beb
^jm]h]h bfms_kl\Z� ihemq_gby [Zgdh\kdbo�
dhjihjZlb\guo beb bguo ^hdmf_glh\� kh^_ckl\by
y\d_ khhl\_lkl\mxsbo ebp \ hj]Zgu aZijZrb\Z�
xs_]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdZ beb ihemq_gby ex[hc
bghc ihfhsb� g_ ijhlb\hj_qZs_c aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\m
khhl\_lkl\mxsbo ]hkm^Zjkl\ �klZlvy �� imgdl 3 ) .
8 4 . Kh]eZkgh imgdlm � klZlvb ��� ]hkm^Zjkl\Z –mqZklgbdb Dhg\_gpbb Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo
GZpbc g_ hldZau\Zxl \ ij_^hklZ\e_gbb \aZbfghc
ijZ\h\hc ihfhsb gZ hkgh\Zgbb [Zgdh\kdhc lZcgu36.
8 5 . Djhf_ lh]h� \ Dhg\_gpbb Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^b�
g_gguo GZpbc hij_^_eyxlky lZd`_ h[sb_ hkgh\Z�
gby ^ey ijh\_^_gby kh\f_klguo jZkke_^h\Zgbc �klZ�
lvy ��� ihjy^hd khljm^gbq_kl\Z \ bkihevah\Zgbb
ki_pbZevguo f_lh^h\ jZkke_^h\Zgby� lZdbo dZd
we_dljhggh_ gZ[ex^_gb_� b h[s_]h khljm^gbq_kl\Z
f_`^m ijZ\hhojZgbl_evgufb hj]ZgZfb �klZlvb 2 0b ���� Ihhsjy_lky lZd`_ jZajZ[hldZ gZpbhgZevguo
ijh]jZff ih^]hlh\db dZ^jh\ b hdZaZgb_ l_ogbq_kdhc
ihfhsb ^jm]bf ]hkm^Zjkl\Zf \ \hijhkZo� k\yaZgguo
k ih^]hlh\dhc i_jkhgZeZ �klZlvb �� b 3 0 ) .
8 6 . Dhg\_gpby Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h[ m]heh\ghc hl\_l�
kl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx lZd`_ ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l
bkihevah\Zgb_ f_`^mgZjh^gh]h khljm^gbq_kl\Z \
jZkke_^h\Zgbb b m]heh\ghf ij_ke_^h\Zgbb� < hlgh�
r_gbb \aZbfghc ihfhsb imgdl � klZlvb �� ]eZkbl�
qlh mqZklgbdb hdZau\Zxl ^jm] ^jm]m kZfmx rbjh�
dmx \aZbfgmx ihfhsv� \uihegyy ijhkv[u khhl\_l�
kl\mxsbo hj]Zgh\� Wlh iheh`_gb_ kh^_j`bl ^hihe�
gbl_evgh_ lj_[h\Zgb_ h g_aZf_^ebl_evghf \uiheg_�
gbb ijhkv[� <h \aZbfghc ihfhsb fh`_l [ulv hldZ�
aZgh� _keb khhl\_lkl\mxsZy ijhkv[Z ih^ju\Z_l
hkgh\hiheZ]Zxsb_ bgl_j_ku� gZpbhgZevguc km\_j_�
gbl_l� gZpbhgZevgmx [_ahiZkghklv beb h[s_kl\_g�
guc ihjy^hd aZijZrb\Z_fh]h mqZklgbdZ �klZlvy 2 6 ,imgdl ��� =hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdb g_ fh]ml kkueZlvky
gZ [Zgdh\kdmx lZcgm \ dZq_kl\_ hkgh\Zgby ^ey
hldZaZ \ f_`^mgZjh^ghf khljm^gbq_kl\_ �klZlvy 2 6 ,imgdl 3 ) .
8 7 . KlZlvy ��� �<u^ZqZ�� ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l� qlh m]h�
eh\gu_ ij_klmie_gby� ijbagZggu_ \ dZq_kl\_ lZdh�
\uo \ khhl\_lkl\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu�
kqblZxlky \dexq_ggufb \ ex[hc kms_kl\mxsbc
f_`^m mqZklgbdZfb ^h]h\hj h \u^Zq_ \ dZq_kl\_ ij_�
klmie_gbc� dhlhju_ fh]ml ih\e_qv \u^Zqm� MqZkl�
gbdb h[yamxlky \dexqZlv lZdb_ ij_klmie_gby \
dZq_kl\_ ij_klmie_gbc� dhlhju_ fh]ml ih\e_qv \u^Z�
qm� \ ex[hc ^h]h\hj h \u^Zq_� dhlhjuc [m^_l aZdex�
q_g f_`^m gbfb� ?keb mqZklgbd� h[mkeh\eb\Zxsbc
\u^Zqm gZebqb_f ^h]h\hjZ� ihemqZ_l ijhkv[m h
\u^Zq_ hl ^jm]h]h mqZklgbdZ� k dhlhjuf hg g_ bf__l
^h]h\hjZ h \u^Zq_� hg fh`_l jZkkfZljb\Zlv Dhg�
\_gpbx \ dZq_kl\_ ijZ\h\h]h hkgh\Zgby ^ey \u^Zqb
\ k\yab k ex[uf m]heh\guf ij_klmie_gb_f� d dhlh�
jhfm ijbf_gy_lky Dhg\_gpby� MqZklgbdb� g_ h[m�
keh\eb\Zxsb_ \u^Zqm gZebqb_f ^h]h\hjZ� \
hlghr_gbyo f_`^m kh[hc ijbagZxl ij_klmie_gby�
gZ dhlhju_ jZkijhkljZgy_lky Dhg\_gpby� \ dZq_kl\_
ij_klmie_gbc� dhlhju_ fh]ml ih\e_qv \u^Zqm�
8 8 . < k\yab k \hijhkhf \u^Zqb b m]heh\gh]h ij_�
ke_^h\Zgby Dhg\_gpby ?\jhi_ckdh]h KhxaZ h aZsbl_
nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\ lj_[m_l� qlh[u dZ`^h_ ]hkm�
^Zjkl\h±qe_g� dhlhjh_ \ khhl\_lkl\bb kh k\hbf aZdh�
gh^Zl_evkl\hf g_ \u^Z_l k\hbo ]jZ`^Zg� ijbgyeh
g_h[oh^bfu_ f_ju ^ey mklZgh\e_gby k\h_c xjbk�
^bdpbb \ hlghr_gbb ij_klmie_gbc� ijbagZgguo lZ�
dh\ufb \ khhl\_lkl\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c� dh]^Z ij_�
klmie_gb_ kh\_jrZ_lky _]h ]jZ`^ZgZfb aZ ij_^_eZfb
_]h l_jjblhjbb �klZlvy � imgdl ��� Djhf_ lh]h�
]hkm^Zjkl\h±qe_g g_ fh`_l hldZau\Zlv \ \u^Zq_ \
kemqZ_ fhr_ggbq_kl\Z� aZljZ]b\Zxs_]h nbgZgkh\u_
bgl_j_ku ?\jhi_ckdbo khh[s_kl\� ebrv gZ lhf
hkgh\Zgbb� qlh hgh ij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hc ij_klmie_�
gb_� k\yaZggh_ k gZeh]h\ufb beb lZfh`_ggufb
\hijhkZfb �klZlvy � imgdl ��� KlZlvy � ]eZkbl� qlh
]hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gu Zdlb\gh khljm^gbqZxl ^jm] k
^jm]hf� _keb fhr_ggbq_kl\h� kh]eZkgh hij_^_e_�
gbx� kh^_j`Zs_fmky \ Dhg\_gpbb� aZljZ]b\Z_l g_
f_g__ ^\mo ]hkm^Zjkl\±qe_gh\�
8 9 . < klZlv_ � <lhjh]h ijhlhdheZ d Dhg\_gpbb
?\jhi_ckdh]h KhxaZ h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_�
kh\ kh^_j`Zlky iheh`_gby� j_]mebjmxsb_ khljm^gb�
q_kl\h f_`^m ]hkm^Zjkl\Zfb±qe_gZfb b Dhfbkkb_c \
h[eZklb� gZ dhlhjmx jZkijhkljZgy_lky ^_ckl\b_ wlhc
Dhg\_gpbb b ijhlhdheh\ d g_c� b mklZgZ\eb\Zxlky
h[yaZl_evkl\Z� \ul_dZxsb_ ba wlbo iheh`_gbc h
khljm^gbq_kl\_ ijbf_gbl_evgh d Dhfbkkbb� Kh]eZ�
kgh wlhc klZlv_� ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gu b Dhfbkkby kh�
ljm^gbqZxl ^jm] k ^jm]hf \ [hjv[_ k fhr_ggbq_kl�
\hf� Zdlb\ghc b iZkkb\ghc dhjjmipb_c b hlfu\Z�
gb_f ^_g_]� K wlhc p_evx Dhfbkkby hdZau\Z_l lZdmx
l_ogbq_kdmx b hi_jZlb\gmx ihfhsv� dZdmx dhfi_�
17
E/CN.15/2001/3
l_glgu_ b gZpbhgZevgu_ hj]Zgu khqlml g_h[oh�
^bfhc ^ey kh^_ckl\by dhhj^bgZpbb ijh\h^bfuo bfb
jZkke_^h\Zgbc� Dhfi_l_glgu_ hj]Zgu \ ]hkm^Zj�
kl\Zo±qe_gZo fh]ml h[f_gb\Zlvky bgnhjfZpb_c k
Dhfbkkb_c� k l_f qlh[u h[e_]qblv _c mklZgh\e_gb_
nZdlh\ b h[_ki_qblv ijbgylb_ wnn_dlb\guo f_j ih
[hjv[_ k fhr_ggbq_kl\hf� Zdlb\ghc b iZkkb\ghc
dhjjmipb_c b hlfu\Zgb_f ^_g_]� Dhfbkkby b dhfi_�
l_glgu_ gZpbhgZevgu_ hj]Zgu mqblu\Zxl \ dZ`^hf
dhgdj_lghf kemqZ_ lj_[h\Zgby� k\yaZggu_ k h[_ki_�
q_gb_f k_dj_lghklb jZkke_^h\Zgby b aZsblhc ^Zg�
guo�
9 0 . Iheh`_gby Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ h
[hjv[_ ijhlb\ dhjjmipbb� dZkZxsb_ky \u^Zqb� m]h�
eh\gh]h ij_ke_^h\Zgby b khljm^gbq_kl\Z �klZlvb � b
��� \ agZqbl_evghc kl_i_gb hkgh\u\Zxlky gZ iheh`_�
gbyo Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ h aZsbl_ nb�
gZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\� Ghjfu� kh^_j`Zsb_ky \ wlhc
Dhg\_gpbb� ijba\Zgu ^hihegblv ijbf_gbl_evgh d
dhjjmipbhgguf ij_klmie_gbyf� \ dhlhjuo aZf_rZ�
gu ^he`ghklgu_ ebpZ Khh[s_kl\Z b ^he`ghklgu_
ebpZ ]hkm^Zjkl\±qe_gh\� h[yaZl_evkl\Z h \u^Zq_
k\hbo kh[kl\_gguo ]jZ`^Zg� dhlhju_ m`_ ^_ckl\mxl
\ hlghr_gbyo f_`^m ]hkm^Zjkl\Zfb±qe_gZfb b
\ul_dZxl ba ^\mklhjhggbo beb fgh]hklhjhggbo
kh]eZr_gbc h \u^Zq_�
9 1 . KlZlvy X I I I Dhg\_gpbb H:= j_]mebjm_l \hijhk
h \u^Zq_ ba h^gh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdZ \ ^jm]h_
aZ ij_klmie_gby� ijbagZ\Z_fu_ \ dZq_kl\_ lZdh\uo \
khhl\_lkl\bb k wlhc Dhg\_gpb_c37 � Dhg\_gpby kh^_j�
`bl lZd`_ iheh`_gby h \aZbfghc ihfhsb b khljm^�
gbq_kl\_ b ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l� qlh ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZkl�
gbdb \ khhl\_lkl\bb kh k\hbfb \gmlj_ggbfb aZdh�
gZfb b ijbf_gbfufb ^h]h\hjZfb hdZau\Zxl ^jm]
^jm]m kZfmx rbjhdmx \aZbfgmx ihfhsv� \uihegyy
ijhkv[u hj]Zgh\� dhlhju_ kh]eZkgh bo \gmlj_gg_fm
aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\m miheghfhq_gu hkms_kl\eylv jZk�
ke_^h\Zgb_ beb m]heh\gh_ ij_ke_^h\Zgb_ \ k\yab k
ZdlZfb dhjjmipbb� hibkZggufb \ Dhg\_gpbb� ihem�
qZlv k\b^_l_evkdb_ ihdZaZgby b ijbgbfZlv ^jm]b_
g_h[oh^bfu_ f_ju ^ey kh^_ckl\by km^_[ghfm ijhba�
\h^kl\m b f_ju \ hlghr_gbb jZkke_^h\Zgby beb
m]heh\gh]h ij_ke_^h\Zgby \ k\yab k ZdlZfb dhj�
jmipbb �klZlvy X I V � imgdl 1 ) .
9 2 . =hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdb hdZau\Zxl lZd`_ ^jm]
^jm]m kZfh_ rbjhdh_ \aZbfgh_ l_ogbq_kdh_ kh^_c�
kl\b_ ih bkihevah\Zgbx gZb[he__ wnn_dlb\guo im�
l_c b kj_^kl\ ij_^mij_`^_gby� h[gZjm`_gby� jZk�
ke_^h\Zgby b gZdZaZgby Zdlh\ dhjjmipbb �klZ�
lvy X I V, imgdl ��� Djhf_ lh]h� hl ]hkm^Zjkl\±mqZkl�
gbdh\ lj_[m_lky� k kh[ex^_gb_f bo ^_ckl\mxsbo
\gmlj_ggbo aZdhgh\ b khhl\_lkl\mxsbo ^h]h\hjh\
beb ^jm]bo kh]eZr_gbc� dhlhju_ fh]ml ^_ckl\h\Zlv \
hlghr_gbyo f_`^m gbfb� hdZau\Zlv ^jm] ^jm]m \
fZdkbfZevgh \hafh`ghf h[t_f_ ihfhsv \
\uy\e_gbb� hlke_`b\Zgbb� Zj_kl_� \u_fd_ b dhgnbk�
dZpbb bfms_kl\Z beb ^hoh^h\� dhlhju_ [ueb ihem�
q_gu beb j_Zebah\Zgu \ j_amevlZl_ kh\_jr_gby
ij_klmie_gbc� ijbagZgguo \ dZq_kl\_ lZdh\uo \
khhl\_lkl\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c� beb bkihevah\Zebkv ijb
bo kh\_jr_gbb �klZlvy X V ) .
9 3 . Kh]eZkgh klZlv_ X V I aZijZrb\Z_fh_ ]hkm^Zj�
kl\h g_ fh`_l kkueZlvky gZ [Zgdh\kdmx lZcgm \
dZq_kl\_ hkgh\Zgby ^ey hldZaZ \ ij_^hklZ\e_gbb ih�
fhsb� h dhlhjhc ijhkbl aZijZrb\Zxs__ ]hkm^Zj�
kl\h�
9 4 . =hkm^Zjkl\Z – mqZklgbdb Dhg\_gpbb HWKJ h[y�
amxlky hdZau\Zlv \aZbfgmx ijZ\h\mx ihfhsv� \
dhlhjhc g_ fh`_l [ulv hldZaZgh \ kemqZ_ m]heh\guo
^_e� gZ dhlhju_ jZkijhkljZgy_lky ^_ckl\b_ Dhg�
\_gpbb� gZ hkgh\Zgbb [Zgdh\kdhc lZcgu� b \uihe�
gylv ijhkv[u h \u^Zq_ \ kemqZ_ ih^dmiZ bghkljZg�
guo ^he`ghklguo ebp �klZlvb � b ��� khhl\_lkl�
\_ggh��
9 5 . B gZdhg_p� [hevrbgkl\h jZkkfZljb\Z_fuo
^hdmf_glh\ ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l gZagZq_gb_ gZ gZpbh�
gZevghf mjh\g_ p_gljZevgh]h hj]ZgZ k p_evx kh^_c�
kl\by f_`^mgZjh^ghfm khljm^gbq_kl\m f_`^m ]hkm�
^Zjkl\Zfb±mqZklgbdZfb38.
&� ���������" �������������
9 6 . ;hevrbgkl\h ijZ\h\uo ^hdmf_glh\ h [hjv[_ k
dhjjmipb_c ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l f_oZgbaf ^ey h[ahjZ b
hp_gdb oh^Z bo hkms_kl\e_gby�
9 7 . Kh]eZkgh klZlv_ �� Dhg\_gpbb Hj]ZgbaZpbb
H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc mqj_`^Z_lky Dhgn_j_gpby
mqZklgbdh\ Dhg\_gpbb \ p_eyo jZkrbj_gby \ha�
fh`ghkl_c ]hkm^Zjkl\±mqZklgbdh\ ih [hjv[_ k
ljZgkgZpbhgZevghc hj]Zgbah\Zgghc ij_klmighklvx�
Z lZd`_ kh^_ckl\by hkms_kl\e_gbx Dhg\_gpbb b
ijh\_^_gby h[ahjZ oh^Z __ hkms_kl\e_gby� Dhgn_�
j_gpby mqZklgbdh\ [m^_l kha\ZgZ =_g_jZevguf k_d�
j_lZj_f Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc g_ iha^�
g__� q_f q_j_a h^bg ]h^ ihke_ \klmie_gby Dhg\_gpbb
18
E/CN/15/2001/3
\ kbem� Ij_^iheZ]Z_lky� qlh dZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±
mqZklgbd [m^_l ij_^klZ\eylv Dhgn_j_gpbb mqZklgb�
dh\ bgnhjfZpbx h k\hbo ijh]jZffZo� ieZgZo b
ijZdlbd_� Z lZd`_ h aZdhgh^Zl_evguo b Z^fbgbkljZ�
lb\guo f_jZo� gZijZ\e_gguo gZ hkms_kl\e_gb_
Dhg\_gpbb�
9 8 . Dhg\_gpbb Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h[ m]heh\ghc b
]jZ`^Zgkdh±ijZ\h\hc hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx
ij_^mkfZljb\Zxl kha^Zgb_ =jmiiu ]hkm^Zjkl\ ih
[hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c �=J?DH� ^ey gZ[ex^_gby aZ
oh^hf hkms_kl\e_gby wlbo ^hdmf_glh\ mqZklgbdZfb�
9 9 . =jmiiZ ]hkm^Zjkl\ ijhlb\ dhjjmipbb [ueZ
mqj_`^_gZ \ fZ_ ���� ]h^Z ij_^klZ\bl_eyfb Dhfb�
l_lZ fbgbkljh\ ;_ev]bb� ;he]Zjbb� =_jfZgbb� =j_�
pbb� BjeZg^bb� BkeZg^bb� BkiZgbb� DbijZ� Ebl\u�
Exdk_f[mj]Z� Jmfugbb� Keh\Zdbb� Keh\_gbb� Nbg�
eyg^bb� NjZgpbb� R\_pbb b Wklhgbb39 � =J?DH [u�
eZ mqj_`^_gZ gZ i_j\hgZqZevguc i_jbh^ \ ljb ]h^Z�
ih bkl_q_gbb dhlhjh]h [m^_l ijhZgZebabjh\ZgZ __
jZ[hlZ� AZ^ZqZ =J?DH aZdexqZ_lky \ mdj_ie_gbb ih�
l_gpbZeZ __ qe_gh\ ih [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c ihkj_^�
kl\hf gZ^ahjZ aZ kh[ex^_gb_f ]hkm^Zjkl\Zfb bo
h[yaZl_evkl\ \ wlhc h[eZklb�
1 0 0 . < kh]eZr_gbb h[ mqj_`^_gbb =J?DH hij_�
^_ey_lky h[sZy ijhp_^mjZ� dhlhjmx fh`gh Z^Zilb�
jh\Zlv ijbf_gbl_evgh d jZaguf jZkkfZljb\Z_fuf
^hdmf_glZf� =J?DH hl\_qZ_l� \ qZklghklb� aZ gZ^ahj
aZ kh[ex^_gb_f �� ^bj_dlb\guo ijbgpbih\ [hjv[u
k dhjjmipb_c b hkms_kl\e_gb_f f_`^mgZjh^gh±
ijZ\h\uo ^hdmf_glh\� ijbgyluo \h bkiheg_gb_ ijh�
]jZffu ^_ckl\bc ih [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c40 �dhg�
\_gpbc h[ m]heh\ghf b ]jZ`^Zgkdhf ijZ\_ b dhj�
jmipbb� b j_dhf_g^Zpbb R ( 2 0 0 0 ) �� h dh^_dkZo
ih\_^_gby ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo kem`Zsbo�
1 0 1 . Ba kibkdZ wdki_jlh\� ij_^eh`_gguo qe_gZfb
=J?DH� [ueb knhjfbjh\Zgu ki_pbZevgu_ ]jmiiu
wdki_jlh\ ^ey hp_gdb \uiheg_gby dZ`^uf qe_ghf
khhl\_lkl\mxsbo ^hdmf_glh\ \ oh^_ dZ`^h]h jZmg^Z
hp_gdb� Ij_^iheZ]Z_lky� qlh ]jmiiu ih hp_gd_ [m^ml
ZgZebabjh\Zlv hl\_lu gZ \hijhkgbdb� aZijZrb\Zlv b
jZkkfZljb\Zlv ^hihegbl_evgmx bgnhjfZpbx� dhlh�
jZy [m^_l ij_^klZ\eylvky \ mklghc beb ibkvf_gghc
nhjf_� ihk_sZlv kljZgu±qe_gu k p_evx ihemq_gby
^hihegbl_evghc bgnhjfZpbb� g_h[oh^bfhc ^ey ijh�
\_^_gby hp_gdb� b ih^]hlZ\eb\Zlv ijh_dlu ^hdeZ^h\
h[ hp_gd_ ^ey h[km`^_gby b ijbgylby gZ ie_gZjguo
k_kkbyo41.
1 0 2 . Qlh dZkZ_lky hkms_kl\e_gby ^hdmf_glh\ ?\jh�
i_ckdh]h khxaZ� lh gb h^bg ba wlbo l_dklh\ _s_ g_
\klmibe \ kbem �g_ kqblZy Kh\f_klguo ^_ckl\bc
?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ ih [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c \ qZkl�
ghf k_dlhj_� \ hlghr_gbb dhlhjh]h ijbf_gy_lky
bgZy ijhp_^mjZ�� ihkdhevdm _s_ gb h^gh ]hkm^Zj�
kl\h±qe_g g_ aZ\_jrbeh khhl\_lkl\mxsbo ijhp_^mj
ih jZlbnbdZpbb ^hdmf_glh\ gZ gZpbhgZevghf mjh\�
g_ b g_ ijbgyeh g_h[oh^bfh]h aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\Z ih
bo hkms_kl\e_gbx�
1 0 3 . < j_dhf_g^Zpbb �� kh^_j`Zs_cky \ ^hdmf_gl_
�Ij_^mij_`^_gb_ hj]Zgbah\Zgghc ij_klmighklb b
[hjv[Z k g_c� _\jhi_ckdZy kljZl_]by gZ gZqZeh gh\h�
]h lukyq_e_lby� Kh\_lZ ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ� dhjjmi�
pby mihfbgZ_lky \ dhgl_dkl_ nbgZgkh\hc ij_klmi�
ghklb \ dZq_kl\_ h^gh]h ba l_o ij_klmie_gbc� \ k\yab
k dhlhjufb Kh\_l ^he`_g ijbgylv ^hdmf_glu \
p_eyo \aZbfghc m\yadb aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\ ]hkm^Zjkl\±
qe_gh\ ihkj_^kl\hf kh]eZkh\Zgby h[sbo hij_^_e_�
gbc� ijZ\hgZjmr_gbc b kZgdpbc b jZajZ[hldb [he__
h[s_c iheblbdb ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ� < j_dhf_g^Z�
pbb �� wlh]h `_ ^hdmf_glZ Kh\_lm b ]hkm^Zjkl\Zf±
qe_gZf gZklhyl_evgh j_dhf_g^m_lky jZlbnbpbjh\Zlv
Z� d k_j_^bg_ ���� ]h^Z Dhg\_gpbx ?\jhi_ckdh]h
khxaZ h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\� b ) d dhgpm
2 0 0 1 ]h^Z ^\Z ijhlhdheZ d Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h
khxaZ h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\� b k� d dhgpm
2 0 0 1 ]h^Z Dhg\_gpbx h [hjv[_ ijhlb\ dhjjmipbb�
aZljZ]b\Zxs_c ^he`ghklguo ebp ?\jhi_ckdbo khh[�
s_kl\ beb ^he`ghklguo ebp ]hkm^Zjkl\ – qe_gh\?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ�
1 0 4 . < k\yab k ijh\_^_gb_f h[ahjZ oh^Z hkms_kl\�
e_gby wlbo ^hdmf_glh\ ke_^m_l hlf_lblv� qlh IeZg
^_ckl\bc ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ ih [hjv[_ k hj]Zgbah�
\Zgghc ij_klmighklvx ����� ]h^� ij_^mkfZljb\Ze
kha^Zgb_ f_oZgbafZ g_aZ\bkbfhc Z\lhjbl_lghc
hp_gdb� dhlhjuc \ h[eZklb [hjv[u ijhlb\ dhjjmipbb
ihdZ g_ ijbf_gyeky� H^gZdh ke_^m_l hlf_lblv� qlh
\Z`gZy jhev \ wlhf ieZg_ hl\h^blky ?\jhi_ckdhfm
km^m� dhlhjuc gZ^_e_g ijZ\hf lhedh\Zgby ijZ\h\uo
^hdmf_glh\ b fh`_l ijbgbfZlv j_r_gby \ kemqZ_
kihjh\ \ hlghr_gbb dhg\_gpbc b ijhlhdheh\ �h^gZdh
wlh g_ jZkijhkljZgy_lky gZ Kh\f_klgu_ ^_ckl\by
?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ��
1 0 5 . Qlh dZkZ_lky Dhg\_gpbb H:=� lh \ gZklhys__
\j_fy jZkkfZljb\Z_lky \hijhk h kha^Zgbb f_oZgbafZ
gZ^ahjZ aZ oh^hf __ hkms_kl\e_gby�
19
E/CN.15/2001/3
1 0 6 . < jZfdZo JZ[hq_c ]jmiiu HWKJ ih [hjv[_ k
ih^dmihf \ f_`^mgZjh^guo dhff_jq_kdbo k^_edZo b
\ khhl\_lkl\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c HWKJ �klZlvy ��� b
i_j_kfhlj_gghc j_dhf_g^Zpb_c h [hjv[_ k ih^dmihf
\ f_`^mgZjh^guo dhff_jq_kdbo k^_edZo [ueZ ijb�
gylZ kljh]Zy ijhp_^mjZ kZfhhp_gdb b \aZbfghc
hp_gdb ^ey h[_ki_q_gby kh[ex^_gby Dhg\_gpbb b
\uiheg_gby i_j_kfhlj_gghc j_dhf_g^Zpbb�
1 0 7 . < jZfdZo i_j\h]h wlZiZ ijhp_kkZ h[ke_^h\Zgby�
dhlhjuc gZqZeky \ Zij_e_ ���� ]h^Z� ijh\h^blky
hp_gdZ lh]h� gZkdhevdh aZdhgu kljZg� dZkZxsb_ky
hkms_kl\e_gby� khhl\_lkl\mxl Dhg\_gpbb HWKJ� <
h[s_c keh`ghklb �� kljZgZ ba �� kljZg� ih^ibkZ\�
rbo Dhg\_gpbx� dhlhju_ k^Zeb gZ ojZg_gb_ k\hb
jZlbnbdZpbhggu_ ]jZfhlu beb ^hdmf_glu h
ijbkh_^bg_gbb d Dhg\_gpbb d bxgx ���� ]h^Z42,ih^e_`Zeb kljh]hfm g_aZ\bkbfhfm h[ke_^h\Zgbx \
jZfdZo i_j\h]h wlZiZ� Ih dZ`^hc h[ke_^h\Zgghc
kljZg_ JZ[hqZy ]jmiiZ ijbgyeZ ^hdeZ^� \dexqZy
j_amevlZlu hp_gdb� dhlhjuc [ue him[ebdh\Zg ihke_
kh\_sZgby HWKJ gZ mjh\g_ fbgbkljh\43 � H[ke_^h�
\Zgb_ \k_o hklZevguo kljZg� ih^ibkZ\rbo Dhg\_g�
pbx� [m^_l ijh\_^_gh ihke_ ijbgylby bfb aZdhgh\
h[ hkms_kl\e_gbb b jZlbnbdZpbb Dhg\_gpbb� b bo
^hdeZ^� \dexqZy j_amevlZlu hp_gdb� [m^_l ij_^klZ\�
e_g fbgbkljZf \ gZqZe_ ���� ]h^Z� I_j\uc wlZi
ijhp_kkZ h[ke_^h\Zgby ^he`_g [ulv aZ\_jr_g \
l_q_gb_ ���� ]h^Z�
1 0 8 . DZd y\kl\m_l ba __ ^hdeZ^Z h[ hkms_kl\e_gbb
Dhg\_gpbb HWKJ� ij_^klZ\e_ggh]h \ bxg_ ���� ]h�
^Z44 � JZ[hqZy ]jmiiZ hlf_lbeZ� qlh ij_h[eZ^Zxs__
[hevrbgkl\h kljZg \ p_ehf kh[ex^Zxl k\hb h[yaZ�
l_evkl\Z ih Dhg\_gpbb� < kemqZyo� dh]^Z JZ[hqZy
]jmiiZ \uy\eyeZ ihl_gpbZevgu_ eZa_cdb beb ijh[_�
eu \ aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\_ beb kqblZeZ� qlh gZpbhgZev�
gu_ iheh`_gby mklmiZxl klZg^ZjlZf� hij_^_e_gguf
\ Dhg\_gpbb� hgZ \ughkbeZ dhgdj_lgu_ j_dhf_g^Z�
pbb ih mkljZg_gbx \uy\e_gguo g_^hklZldh\� <
^jm]bo kemqZyo JZ[hqZy ]jmiiZ mdZau\ZeZ� qlh l_ beb
bgu_ \hijhku lj_[mxl ^hihegbl_evgh]h bamq_gby \
dZq_kl\_ �]hjbahglZevguo \hijhkh\�� \ebyxsbo gZ
hkms_kl\e_gb_ Dhg\_gpbb �gZijbf_j� hl\_lkl\_g�
ghklv xjb^bq_kdbo ebp� kZgdpbb� \dexqZy Zj_kl b
dhgnbkdZpbx \aylhd b ^hoh^h\� xjbk^bdpby b
\aZbfgZy ijZ\h\Zy ihfhsv�� < hl^_evguo kljZgZo
ihlj_[m_lky lZd`_ hkms_kl\e_gb_ dhgdj_lguo
ihke_^mxsbo f_j gZ \lhjhf wlZi_ ijhp_kkZ h[ke_�
^h\Zgby�
1 0 9 . <lhjhc wlZi ijhp_kkZ h[ke_^h\Zgby gZqg_lky \
k_j_^bg_ ���� ]h^Z� < jZfdZo wlh]h wlZiZ hkgh\gh_
\gbfZgb_ [m^_l m^_eylvky kljmdlmjZf kljZg� dhlhju_
^he`gu h[_ki_qb\Zlv kh[ex^_gb_ aZdhgh\ b ghjf�
dZkZxsboky hkms_kl\e_gby Dhg\_gpbb� b hp_gb\Zlv
bo ijbf_g_gb_ gZ ijZdlbd_� <lhjhc wlZi ij_^mkfZl�
jb\Z_l lZd`_ jZkrbj_gb_ h[ke_^h\Zgby k p_evx
[he__ ihegh ho\Zlblv bf g_ k\yaZggu_ k m]heh\guf
ijZ\hf Zki_dlu i_j_kfhlj_gghc j_dhf_g^Zpbb�
I . �����������
11 0 . Ihfbfh \ur_mihfygmluo iheh`_gbc [hev�
rbgkl\h ^hdmf_glh\ kh^_j`Zl ^jm]b_ khhl\_lkl�
\mxsb_ f_ju� gZijbf_j f_ju� gZijZ\e_ggu_ gZ
Zj_kl b dhgnbkdZpbx ^hoh^h\ hl ij_klmie_gbc� gZ
dhlhju_ jZkijhkljZgy_lky ^_ckl\b_ khhl\_lkl\m�
xsbo iheh`_gbc� beb bfms_kl\Z� klhbfhklv dhlh�
jh]h khhl\_lkl\m_l h[t_fm lZdbo ^hoh^h\�
11 1 . < k\yab k dhgnbkdZpb_c b Zj_klhf Dhg\_gpby
Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc ij_^mkfZljb�
\Z_l� qlh ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdb ijbgbfZxl� \ fZd�
kbfZevghc kl_i_gb� \hafh`ghc \ jZfdZo bo \gmlj_g�
gbo ijZ\h\uo kbkl_f� lZdb_ f_ju� dhlhju_ fh]ml
ihlj_[h\Zlvky ^ey h[_ki_q_gby \hafh`ghklb dhg�
nbkdZpbb Z� ^hoh^h\ hl ij_klmie_gbc� ho\Zlu\Z_fuo
Dhg\_gpb_c� beb bfms_kl\Z� klhbfhklv dhlhjh]h
khhl\_lkl\m_l klhbfhklb lZdbo ^hoh^h\� b E� bfms_�
kl\Z� h[hjm^h\Zgby beb ^jm]bo kj_^kl\� bkihevah\Z\�
rboky beb ij_^gZagZqZ\rboky ^ey bkihevah\Zgby
ijb kh\_jr_gbb ij_klmie_gbc� ho\Zlu\Z_fuo Dhg�
\_gpb_c �klZlvy ��� imgdl 1 ) .
11 2 . >ey p_e_c klZlvb ��� �DhgnbkdZpby b Zj_kl�� b
klZlvb ��� �F_`^mgZjh^gh_ khljm^gbq_kl\h \ p_eyo
dhgnbkdZpbb�� dZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd mihe�
ghfhqb\Z_l k\hb km^u beb ^jm]b_ dhfi_l_glgu_
hj]Zgu ba^Z\Zlv ihklZgh\e_gby h ij_^klZ\e_gbb beb
Zj_kl_ [Zgdh\kdbo� nbgZgZkh\uo beb dhff_jq_kdbo
^hdmf_glh\� =hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdb g_ mdehgyxlky
hl ijbgylby f_j� kkueZykv gZ g_h[oh^bfhklv khojZ�
g_gby [Zgdh\kdhc lZcgu �klZlvy �� imgdl 6 ) .
11 3 . <hijhku jZkihjy`_gby dhgnbkdh\Zggufb ^h�
oh^Zfb hl ij_klmie_gbc beb bfms_kl\hf j_]mebjm�
xlky klZlv_c ��� kh]eZkgh dhlhjhc� ^hoh^Zfb hl ij_�
klmie_gbc beb bfms_kl\hf� dhgnbkdh\Zggufb ]hkm�
^Zjkl\hf±mqZklgbdhf gZ hkgh\Zgbb Dhg\_gpbb� jZk�
ihjy`Z_lky wlh ]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd \ khhl\_lkl�
20
E/CN/15/2001/3
\bb kh k\hbf \gmlj_ggbf aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf b Z^fb�
gbkljZlb\gufb ijhp_^mjZfb�
11 4 . Kh]eZkgh klZlv_ �� Dhg\_gpbb Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu
h[ m]heh\ghc hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx� dZ`�
^uc mqZklgbd ijbgbfZ_l lZdb_ aZdhgh^Zl_evgu_ b
^jm]b_ f_ju� dZdb_ fh]ml ihlj_[h\Zlvky ^ey h[_k�
i_q_gby \hafh`ghklb dhgnbkdZpbb beb bgh]h
batylby kj_^kl\ b ^hoh^h\ hl ij_klmie_gbc� ijb�
agZgguo \ dZq_kl\_ lZdh\uo \ khhl\_lkl\bb k Dhg�
\_gpb_c� beb bfms_kl\Z� klhbfhklv dhlhjh]h khhl�
\_lkl\m_l klhbfhklb lZdbo ^hoh^h\�
11 5 . DZ`^uc mqZklgbd ijbgbfZ_l lZdb_ aZdhgh^Z�
l_evgu_ b ^jm]b_ f_ju� dhlhju_ fh]ml ihlj_[h�
\Zlvky� \dexqZy f_ju� iha\heyxsb_ bkihevah\Zlv
ki_pbZevgu_ f_ju jZkke_^h\Zgby� \ khhl\_lkl\bb k
gZpbhgZevguf aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf� ^ey kh^_ckl\by
k[hjm ^hdZaZl_evguo ^Zgguo \ k\yab k ij_klmie_�
gbyfb� ijbagZggufb \ dZq_kl\_ lZdh\uo \ khhl\_lkl�
\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c� b ^ey \uy\e_gby� hlke_`b\Zgby�
Zj_klZ b \u_fdb kj_^kl\ b ^hoh^h\ hl dhjjmipbb beb
bfms_kl\Z� klhbfhklv dhlhjh]h khhl\_lkl\m_l klhb�
fhklb lZdbo ^hoh^h\� gZ dhlhju_ jZkijhkljZgyxlky
f_ju� ij_^mkfhlj_ggu_ \ klZlv_ �� �klZlvy 2 3imgdl ��� Djhf_ lh]h� dZ`^uc mqZklgbd ijbgbfZ_l
lZdb_ aZdhgh^Zl_evgu_ b ^jm]b_ f_ju� dZdb_ fh]ml
ihlj_[h\Zlvky ^ey lh]h� qlh[u miheghfhqblv k\hb
km^u b ^jm]b_ dhfi_l_glgu_ hj]Zgu ba^Z\Zlv ihklZ�
gh\e_gby h ij_^klZ\e_gbb beb Zj_kl_ [Zgdh\kdbo�
nbgZgkh\uo beb dhff_jq_kdbo ^hdmf_glh\ ^ey hkm�
s_kl\e_gby f_j� mihfygmluo \ imgdl_ � klZlvb 2 3�klZlvy ��� imgdl 2 ) .
11 6 . KlZlvy � <lhjh]h ijhlhdheZ d Dhg\_gpbb ?\jh�
i_ckdh]h khxaZ h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\ ij_�
^mkfZljb\Z_l� qlh dZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±qe_g ijbgb�
fZ_l g_h[oh^bfu_ f_ju ^ey h[_ki_q_gby \hafh`�
ghklb Zj_klZ b� [_a ms_j[Z ^ey ijZ\ ^h[jhkh\_klguo
lj_lvbo klhjhg� dhgnbkdZpbb beb batylby kj_^kl\ b
^hoh^h\ hl fhr_ggbq_kl\Z� Zdlb\ghc b iZkkb\ghc
dhjjmipbb b hlfu\Zgby ^_g_] beb bfms_kl\Z� klhb�
fhklv dhlhjh]h khhl\_lkl\m_l klhbfhklb lZdbo ^hoh�
^h\� Ex[ufb Zj_klh\Zggufb beb dhgnbkdh\Zggufb
kj_^kl\Zfb� ^hoh^Zfb beb bfms_kl\hf ]hkm^Zjkl\h±
qe_g jZkihjy`Z_lky \ khhl\_lkl\bb kh k\hbf
gZpbhgZevguf aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf�
11 7 . < klZlv_ X V, �F_ju� dZkZxsb_ky bfms_kl\Z��
Dhg\_gpby H:= mklZgZ\eb\Z_l� qlh ]hkm^Zjkl\Z�
mqZklgbdb \ khhl\_lkl\bb kh k\hbfb ^_ckl\mxsbfb
\gmlj_ggbfb aZdhgZfb b khhl\_lkl\mxsbfb ^h]h\h�
jZfb b ^jm]bfb kh]eZr_gbyfb� dhlhju_ fh]ml
^_ckl\h\Zlv \ hlghr_gbyo f_`^m gbfb� hdZau\Zxl
^jm] ^jm]m \ fZdkbfZevgh \hafh`ghc kl_i_gb ih�
fhsv \ \uy\e_gbb� hlke_`b\Zgbb� Zj_kl_� \u_fd_ b
dhgnbkdZpbb kh[kl\_gghklb b ^hoh^h\� ihemq_gguo
beb j_Zebah\Zgguo \ j_amevlZl_ kh\_jr_gby ij_�
klmie_gbc� ijbagZgguo \ dZq_kl\_ lZdh\uo \ Dhg�
\_gpbb� beb bkihevah\Z\rboky ijb bo kh\_jr_gbb�
11 8 . Ih \hijhkm h[ Zj_kl_ b dhgnbkdZpbb Dhg\_g�
pby HWKJ ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l� qlh ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±
mqZklgbdb ijbgbfZxl lZdb_ f_ju� dZdb_ fh]ml
ihlj_[h\Zlvky ^ey h[_ki_q_gby ijbf_g_gby Zj_klZ b
dhgnbkdZpbb \ hlghr_gbb \aylhd b ^hoh^h\ hl ih^�
dmiZ bghkljZggh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h ^he`ghklgh]h
ebpZ beb bfms_kl\Z� klhbfhklv dhlhjh]h khhl\_l�
kl\m_l klhbfhklb lZdbo ^hoh^h\� beb ijbf_g_gby
^_g_`guo kZgdpbc khihklZ\bfh]h \ha^_ckl\by �klZ�
lvy �� imgdl 3 ) .
Dhg\_gpby Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h ]jZ`^Zgkdh±
ijZ\h\hc hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx
11 9 . Dhg\_gpby Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h ]jZ`^Zgkdh±ijZ�
\h\hc hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx ij_^klZ\ey_l
kh[hc i_j\mx ihiuldm \ujZ[hlZlv h[sb_ f_`^m�
gZjh^gu_ ghjfu \ hlghr_gbb ]jZ`^Zgkdhc hl\_l�
kl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx�
1 2 0 . =eZ\gZy p_ev Dhg\_gpbb aZdexqZ_lky \ lhf�
qlh[u h[_ki_qblv ij_^hklZ\e_gb_ ijZ\Z gZ \haf_s_�
gb_ aZ ms_j[� ijbqbg_gguc \ j_amevlZl_ dhjjmipbb
�klZlvy ��� < wlhc k\yab dZ`^hc klhjhg_ gZ^e_`bl
ij_^mkfhlj_lv \ k\h_c \gmlj_gg_c ijZ\h\hc kbkl_f_
ijZ\h ij_^ty\eylv ]jZ`^Zgkdbc bkd \ kemqZyo dhj�
jmipbb �klZlvy �� imgdl ��� Ke_^m_l hlf_lblv� qlh�
kh]eZkgh Dhg\_gpbb� oZjZdl_j \haf_s_gby g_ ^he�
`_g h]jZgbqb\Zlvky dZdbf�eb[h klZg^Zjlguf ieZl_�
`hf� Z ^he`_g hij_^_eylvky k mq_lhf ms_j[Z� gZg_�
k_ggh]h \ dZ`^hf dhgdj_lghf kemqZ_� Djhf_ lh]h�
kh]eZkgh Dhg\_gpbb� ihegh_ \haf_s_gb_ g_ \dex�
qZ_l rljZngu_ m[uldb� L_f g_ f_g__ klhjhgu� \h
\gmlj_gg_f ijZ\_ dhlhjuo ij_^mkfhlj_gu rljZn�
gu_ m[uldb� g_ h[yaZgu bkdexqZlv bo ijbf_g_gb_
ijb iheghf \haf_s_gbb� < Dhg\_gpbb hij_^_eyxlky
lZd`_ jZaf_ju \haf_s_gby� gZagZqZ_fh]h km^hf� b
ij_^mkfZljb\Z_lky� qlh \haf_s_gb_ fh`_l ihdju�
\Zlv fZl_jbZevguc ms_j[� mims_ggmx \u]h^m b
g_^_g_`guc ms_j[ �klZlvy �� imgdl 2 ) 45 .
1 2 1 . >ey p_e_c wlhc Dhg\_gpbb �dhjjmipby� hij_�
^_ey_lky dZd �\ufh]Zl_evkl\h� ij_^eh`_gb_� ij_^h�
21
E/CN.15/2001/3
klZ\e_gb_ beb ijbgylb_� ebqgh beb q_j_a ihkj_^�
gbdh\� \ayldb beb dZdh]h�eb[h bgh]h g_ijZ\hf_jgh]h
ij_bfms_kl\Z eb[h h`b^Zgb_ bo ij_^hklZ\e_gby�
gZjmrZxs__ gZ^e_`Zs__ \uiheg_gb_ dZdbo�eb[h
h[yaZgghkl_c beb gZ^e_`Zs__ ih\_^_gb_ ebpZ� ihem�
qZxs_]h \ayldm beb g_ijZ\hf_jgu_ ij_bfms_kl\Z
beb h`b^Zxs_]h bo ij_^hklZ\e_gb_� �klZlvy 2 ) .
1 2 2 . < klZlv_ � jZkkfZljb\Zxlky mkeh\by ij_^ty\e_�
gby bkdZ h \haf_s_gbb ms_j[Z� Qlh[u ihemqblv
\haf_s_gb_� bkl_p ^he`_g ^hdZaZlv nZdl gZebqby
ms_j[Z g_aZ\bkbfh hl lh]h� [ueb eb ^_ckl\by hl\_l�
qbdZ kh\_jr_gu mfure_ggh beb ih g_[j_`ghklb� b
ijbqbgghc k\yab f_`^m dhjjmipbhgguf ih\_^_gb_f
b ms_j[hf� Qlh dZkZ_lky ijhlb\hijZ\gh]h b ij_�
klmigh]h ih\_^_gby hl\_lqbdZ� lh ke_^m_l hlf_lblv�
qlh hkgh\gmx hl\_lkl\_gghklv aZ ms_j[ g_kml ebpZ�
dhlhju_ g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh b khagZl_evgh mqZkl\h\Zeb
\ dhjjmipbhgghf ijZ\hgZjmr_gbb� ij_`^_ \k_]h
\ayldh^Zl_ev b \ayldhihemqZl_ev� Z lZd�`_ ebpZ� ih^�
klj_dZ\rb_ d kh\_jr_gbx dhjjmipbb beb kh^_ckl�
\h\Z\rb_ wlhfm� Djhf_ lh]h� hl\_lkl\_gghklv aZ
ms_j[ g_kml lZd`_ ebpZ� dhlhju_ g_ ij_^ijbgyeb
khhl\_lkl\mxsbo rZ]h\ ih ij_^mij_`^_gbx dhj�
jmipbb \hij_db \haeh`_gguf gZ gbo h[yaZggh�
klyf46. < klZlv_ � ij_^mkfhlj_gZ lZd`_ kheb^ZjgZy
hl\_lkl\_gghklv g_kdhevdbo kh\f_klgh ^_ckl\h\Z�
\rbo ijZ\hgZjmrbl_e_c� dhlhjZy ijbf_gy_lky g_aZ�
\bkbfh hl lh]h� khljm^gbqZeb eb hgb khagZl_evgh
beb h^bg ba gbo ih^e_`bl hl\_lkl\_gghklb ebrv \
j_amevlZl_ k\h_]h g_[j_`gh]h ih\_^_gby �klZlvy 4 ,imgdl 2 ) .
1 2 3 . < Dhg\_gpbb jZkkfZljb\Z_lky \hijhk h ]hkm�
^Zjkl\_gghc hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbhggu_ ^_c�
kl\by ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo ^he`ghklguo ebp� < wlhc
k\yab� kh]eZkgh Dhg\_gpbb� dZ`^Zy klhjhgZ ij_^m�
kfZljb\Z_l \ k\h_c \gmlj_gg_c ijZ\h\hc kbkl_f_
khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ ijhp_^mju lj_[h\Zgby \haf_s_�
gby hl ]hkm^Zjkl\Z beb� _keb klhjhgZ g_ hlghkblky
d ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghfm k_dlhjm� hl khhl\_lkl\mxsbo
hj]Zgh\ wlhc klhjhgu ^ey ebp� dhlhjuf [ue gZg_k_g
ms_j[ \ j_amevlZl_ dhjjmipbhgguo ^_ckl\bc ^he`�
ghklguo ebp ijb bkiheg_gbb bfb k\hbo nmgdpbc
�klZlvy ��� < Dhg\_gpbb g_ hij_^_eyxlky mkeh\by
gZklmie_gby hl\_lkl\_gghklb klhjhgu� Kh]eZkgh
Dhg\_gpbb dZ`^Zy klhjhgZ \ijZ\_ kZfhklhyl_evgh
hij_^_eblv \ k\h_f \gmlj_gg_f aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\_
mkeh\by� ijb dhlhjuo gZklmiZ_l hl\_lkl\_gghklv
klhjhgu� Ihwlhfm mkeh\by b ijhp_^mju ij_^ty\�
e_gby ]hkm^Zjkl\m bkdh\ aZ ms_j[� ijbqbg_gguc \
j_amevlZl_ dhjjmipbhgguo ^_ckl\bc� kh\_jr_gguo
^he`ghklgufb ebpZfb ijb bkiheg_gbb bfb k\hbo
nmgdpbc� j_]mebjmxlky \gmlj_ggbf aZdhgh^Zl_evkl�
\hf khhl\_lkl\mxs_c klhjhgu47.
1 2 4 . Qlh dZkZ_lky ^_ckl\bl_evghklb ^h]h\hjh\� lh
dZ`^Zy klhjhgZ ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l \ k\h_f \gmlj_g�
g_f aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\_� qlh ex[hc ^h]h\hj beb iheh�
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gbqlh`gufb b mljZqb\Zxl xjb^bq_kdmx kbem� Djh�
f_ lh]h� dZ`^Zy klhjhgZ ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l \ k\h_f
\gmlj_gg_f aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\_� qlh \k_ klhjhgu
dhgljZdlZ� ^h\_jb_ dhlhjuo [ueh ih^hj\Zgh \ j_�
amevlZl_ dhjjmipbhggh]h ^_ckl\by� fh]ml h[jZlblvky
\ km^ k lj_[h\Zgb_f h[ty\blv dhgljZdl mljZlb\rbf
xjb^bq_kdmx kbem� g_\abjZy gZ k\h_ ijZ\h lj_[h\Zlv
\haf_s_gby ms_j[Z �klZlvy 8 ) .
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`_ ho\Zlu\Z_lky Dhg\_gpb_c� h[yau\Zxs_c dZ`^mx
klhjhgm ijbgbfZlv g_h[oh^bfu_ f_ju ^ey aZsblu
hl dZdhc�eb[h \bdlbfbaZpbb jZ[hlZxsbo ih gZcfm
ebp� dhlhju_ qbklhk_j^_qgh b gZ ^hklZlhqguo hkgh�
\Zgbyo khh[sZxl h k\hbo ih^haj_gbyo \ hlghr_gbb
ijbf_gy_fuo dhjjmipbhgguo f_lh^h\ beb ^_ckl\bc
�klZlvy 9 ) 48 .
1 2 6 . GZpbhgZevgu_ aZdhgu h ij_^hklZ\e_gbb hlq_�
lh\ b Zm^blhjkdbo ijh\_jdZo ijbagZxlky \ dZq_kl\_
\Z`guo kj_^kl\ \uy\e_gby kemqZ_\ dhjjmipbb b
[hjv[u k g_c� Ihwlhfm \ Dhg\_gpbb ij_^mkfhlj_gh�
qlh dZ`^Zy klhjhgZ \ khhl\_lkl\bb kh k\hbf \gml�
j_ggbf aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf ijbgbfZ_l g_h[oh^bfu_
f_ju ^ey h[_ki_q_gby q_ldh]h khklZ\e_gby ]h^h\uo
hlq_lh\ dhfiZgbc� iha\heyxsbo ihemqblv ykgh_
ij_^klZ\e_gb_ h[ bklbgghf nbgZgkh\hf iheh`_gbb
dhfiZgbb� K p_evx ij_^mij_`^_gby dhjjmipbb dZ`�
^Zy klhjhgZ ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l \ k\h_f \gmlj_gg_f
aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\_ gZagZq_gb_ Zm^blhjh\� ih^l\_j`�
^Zxsbo� qlh ]h^h\u_ hlq_lu ^Zxl q_ldh_ ij_^klZ\�
e_gb_ h[ bklbgghf nbgZgkh\hf iheh`_gbb dhf�
iZgbb �klZlvy 1 0 ) .
1 2 7 . Qlh dZkZ_lky f_`^mgZjh^gh]h khljm^gbq_kl\Z�
lh klhjhgZf Dhg\_gpbb gZ^e_`bl Zdlb\gh khljm^gb�
qZlv \ \hijhkZo ]jZ`^Zgkdh]h km^hijhba\h^kl\Z ih
^_eZf h dhjjmipbb� hkh[_ggh \ lhf� qlh dZkZ_lky
\jmq_gby khhl\_lkl\mxsbo ^hdmf_glh\� ihemq_gby
ihdZaZgbc aZ ]jZgbp_c� xjbk^bdpbb� ijbagZgby b
ijb\_^_gby \ bkiheg_gb_ j_r_gbc bghkljZgguo km�
^h\ b km^_[guo jZkoh^h\� kh]eZkgh iheh`_gbyf khhl�
\_lkl\mxsbo f_`^mgZjh^guo ^hdmf_glh\ h f_`^m�
22
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gZjh^ghf khljm^gbq_kl\_ \ mj_]mebjh\Zgbb ]jZ`�
^Zgkdh±ijZ\h\uo b dhff_jq_kdbo \hijhkh\� klhjh�
gZfb dhlhjuo hgb y\eyxlky� Z lZd`_ k kh[ex^_gb_f
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lvy 1 3 ) .
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]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo ^he`ghklguo ebp
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ijbgyeZ ^\Z \Z`guo ^hdmf_glZ h [hjv[_ k dhjjmi�
pb_c� F_`^mgZjh^guc dh^_dk ih\_^_gby ]hkm^Zjkl�
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`_gb_� b >_deZjZpbx Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo
GZpbc h [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c b \aylhqgbq_kl\hf \
f_`^mgZjh^guo dhff_jq_kdbo hi_jZpbyo �j_ahex�
pby ������� ijbeh`_gb_�� Ohly wlb ^hdmf_glu g_
bf_xl h[yaZl_evghc xjb^bq_kdhc kbeu� hgb� l_f g_
f_g__� bf_xl \Z`gh_ iheblbq_kdh_ agZq_gb_� ih�
kdhevdm hljZ`Zxl ^hklb]gmlh_ \ jZfdZo f_`^mgZ�
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\hijhkZf�
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\_gguo ^he`ghklguo ebp [ue ijbgyl \ dZq_kl\_
kj_^kl\Z� dhlhjh_ ijba\Zgh gZijZ\eylv mkbeby ]hkm�
^Zjkl\±qe_gh\ \ [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c k ihfhsvx
jy^Z [Zah\uo j_dhf_g^Zpbc� dhlhju_ gZpbhgZevguf
]hkm^Zjkl\_gguf ^he`ghklguf ebpZf49 ke_^m_l kh[�
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1 3 0 . < Dh^_dk_ aZljZ]b\Zxlky ke_^mxsb_ \hijhku�
Z� h[sb_ ijbgpbiu� dhlhjufb ^he`gu jmdh\h^kl\h�
\Zlvky ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggu_ ^he`ghklgu_ ebpZ ijb \u�
iheg_gbb k\hbo h[yaZgghkl_c �Z bf_ggh� ij_^Zg�
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kmijm]h\ b�beb b`^b\_gp_\� G� ijbgylb_ ih^Zjdh\
beb ^jm]bo agZdh\ \gbfZgby� _� h[jZs_gb_ k dhgnb�
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jZy \ khhl\_lkl\bb k Dh^_dkhf ^he`gZ hkms_kl\�
eylvky lZdbf h[jZahf� qlh[u g_ ih^ju\Zlv \_jm
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k\hbo nmgdpbc b h[yaZgghkl_c�
2 . >_deZjZpby Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo
GZpbc h [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c b
\aylhqgbq_kl\hf \ f_`^mgZjh^guo
dhff_jq_kdbo hi_jZpbyo
1 3 1 . < >_deZjZpbb Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo
GZpbc h [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c b \aylhqgbq_kl\hf \
f_`^mgZjh^guo dhff_jq_kdbo hi_jZpbyo �j_ahex�
pby ������� ijbeh`_gb_� ij_^mkfhlj_g dhfie_dk
f_j� dhlhju_ dZ`^Zy ba kljZg fh`_l ijbgbfZlv gZ
gZpbhgZevghf mjh\g_ \ khhl\_lkl\bb k kh[kl\_gghc
dhgklblmpb_c� hkgh\gufb ijZ\h\ufb ijbgpbiZfb�
gZpbhgZevgufb aZdhgZfb b ijhp_^mjZfb k p_evx
[hjv[u k dhjjmipb_c b \aylhqgbq_kl\hf \ f_`�
^mgZjh^guo dhff_jq_kdbo hi_jZpbyo�
1 3 2 . < >_deZjZpbb aZljZ]b\Z_lky ijh[e_fZ \aylhq�
gbq_kl\Z bghkljZgguo ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo ^he`ghkl�
guo ebp� Kh]eZkgh imgdlm � >_deZjZpbb�
" 3 . <aylhqgbq_kl\h fh`_l \dexqZlv� \ qZkl�
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beb q_j_a ihkj_^gbdh\� ex[uo ^_g_`guo kmff� ih�
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klZ\bl_ex ^jm]hc kljZgu \ dZq_kl\_ g_ijZ\hf_jgh]h
\hagZ]jZ`^_gby aZ \uiheg_gb_ beb g_\uiheg_gb_
wlbf ^he`ghklguf ebphf beb ij_^klZ\bl_e_f k\hbo
kem`_[guo h[yaZgghkl_c \ k\yab k lhc beb bghc
f_`^mgZjh^ghc dhff_jq_kdhc hi_jZpb_c�
b ) \ufh]Zl_evkl\h� lj_[h\Zgb_� kh]eZkb_ gZ
ihemq_gb_ beb nZdlbq_kdh_ ihemq_gb_ ex[uf ]hkm�
^Zjkl\_gguf ^he`ghklguf ebphf beb ba[jZgguf
ij_^klZ\bl_e_f dZdh]h�eb[h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z� ebqgh beb
q_j_a ihkj_^gbdh\� ^_g_`guo kmff� ih^Zjdh\ beb
^jm]bo \u]h^ hl ex[hc qZklghc beb ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc
dhjihjZpbb� \ lhf qbke_ ljZgkgZpbhgZevghc dhjih�
jZpbb� beb hl^_evgh]h ebpZ ba ^jm]hc kljZgu \ dZq_�
kl\_ g_ijZ\hf_jgh]h \hagZ]jZ`^_gby aZ \uiheg_gb_
beb g_\uiheg_gb_ wlbf ^he`ghklguf ebphf beb
ij_^klZ\bl_e_f k\hbo kem`_[guo h[yaZgghkl_c \
23
E/CN.15/2001/3
k\yab k lhc beb bghc f_`^mgZjh^ghc dhff_jq_kdhc
hi_jZpb_c��
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`_gby� gZp_e_ggu_ gZ [hjv[m k wlbf y\e_gb_f� \ lhf
qbke_ gZ ijbgylb_ beb h[_ki_q_gb_ ijbf_g_gby
aZdhgh\� aZij_sZxsbo \ayldb \ f_`^mgZjh^guo
dhff_jq_kdbo hi_jZpbyo� mklZgh\e_gb_ m]heh\ghc
hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ ^Zqm lZdbo \aylhd� Z lZd`_ gZ
g_^hims_gb_ \hafh`ghklb \uq_lZ ba h[eZ]Z_fuo
gZeh]hf kmff \aylhd� \uieZq_gguo ex[hc qZklghc
beb ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc dhjihjZpb_c beb hl^_evguf
ebphf dZdh]h�eb[h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z ex[hfm ]hkm^Zjkl�
\_gghfm ^he`ghklghfm ebpm beb ba[jZgghfm ij_^�
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1 3 4 . Djhf_ lh]h� ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gu h[yaZebkv jZa�
jZ[hlZlv b ijbf_gylv klZg^Zjlu b f_lh^u mq_lZ�
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guo dhff_jq_kdbo hi_jZpbc� jZajZ[Zlu\Zlv beb
ihhsjylv jZajZ[hldm dh^_dkh\ ih\_^_gby \ h[eZklb
ij_^ijbgbfZl_evkdhc ^_yl_evghklb� klZg^Zjlh\ beb
hilbfZevghc ijZdlbdb� dhlhju_ aZij_sZxl dhjjmi�
pbx� \aylhqgbq_kl\h b k\yaZggu_ k gbfb ijhlb\h�
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guo dhff_jq_kdbo hi_jZpbc� bamqblv \hafh`ghklv
ijbagZgby g_aZdhggh]h h[h]Zs_gby ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo
^he`ghklguo ebp beb ba[jZgguo ij_^klZ\bl_e_c
ij_klmie_gb_f� b h[_ki_qblv� qlh[u iheh`_gby h
g_jZa]eZr_gbb [Zgdh\kdhc lZcgu g_ ij_iylkl\h\Zeb
b g_ f_rZeb m]heh\guf jZkke_^h\Zgbyf beb ^jm]bf
ijhp_kkmZevguf ^_ckl\byf \ hlghr_gbb dhjjmipbb�
\aylhqgbq_kl\Z beb k\yaZgghc k wlbf g_aZdhgghc
ijZdlbdb \ f_`^mgZjh^guo dhff_jq_kdbo hi_jZ�
pbyo�
1 3 5 . GZdhg_p� ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gu h[yaZebkv khljm^�
gbqZlv b hdZau\Zlv ^jm] ^jm]m fZdkbfZevgh \hafh`�
gmx ihfhsv \ hlghr_gbb m]heh\guo jZkke_^h\Zgbc
b ^jm]bo ijhp_kkmZevguo ^_ckl\bc \ k\yab k dhjjmi�
pb_c b \aylhqgbq_kl\hf \ f_`^mgZjh^guo dhff_j�
q_kdbo hi_jZpbyo� \ lhf qbke_ h[f_gb\Zlvky khhl�
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3 . <u\h^u b j_dhf_g^Zpbb Kh\_sZgby =jmiiu
wdki_jlh\ ih ijh[e_f_ dhjjmipbb b __
nbgZgkh\uf dZgZeZf� khklhy\r_]hky \
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1 3 6 . < k\h_c j_ahexpbb ������� hl �� bxey ���� ]h�
^Z Wdhghfbq_kdbc b KhpbZevguc Kh\_l ihklZgh\be
kha\Zlv kh\_sZgb_ ijZ\bl_evkl\_gguo wdki_jlh\
hldjulh]h khklZ\Z� ^ey bamq_gby iml_c h[_ki_q_gby
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ih [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c b h[_ki_q_gby jZajZ[hldb \
dhgkmevlZpbb k ^jm]bfb f_`ijZ\bl_evkl\_ggufb
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k dhjjmipb_c� \dexqZy ^hoh^u hl g__�
1 3 7 . Hij_^_eb\ dhfie_dk f_j ih kh\_jr_gkl\h\Z�
gbx f_`^mgZjh^gh]h khljm^gbq_kl\Z \ [hjv[_ k dhj�
jmipb_c b \uy\e_gbx nbgZgkh\uo ihlhdh\� k\yaZg�
guo k dhjjmipb_c� =jmiiZ wdki_jlh\ ih^]hlh\beZ jy^
j_dhf_g^Zpbc� ij_^gZagZq_gguo ^ey hkms_kl\�e_gby
dZd gZ f_`^mgZjh^ghf� lZd b gZ gZpbhgZevghf
mjh\g_ �kf� ^hdmf_gl ?�C N ������������ jZa^_eu B , Db (��
1 3 8 . Qlh dZkZ_lky ijbgylby f_j gZ f_`^mgZjh^ghf
mjh\g_� lh =jmiiZ wdki_jlh\� \ qZklghklb� hlf_lbeZ
g_h[oh^bfhklv \uy\blv khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ imlb b
kj_^kl\Z� k l_f qlh[u m[_^blv \k_ nbgZgkh\u_ p_gl�
ju k g_^hklZlhqguf j_]mebjh\Zgb_f jZajZ[hlZlv
ghjfu� iha\heyxsb_ \uy\eylv b ij_k_dZlv ihlhdb
kj_^kl\� h[jZamxsboky \ j_amevlZl_ dhjjmipbb�
h[_ki_qblv Zdlb\gh_ mqZklb_ \ f_`^mgZjh^ghf
khljm^gbq_kl\_ ih [hjv[_ k nbgZgkh\ufb ij_klmi�
e_gbyfb� k\yaZggufb k dhjjmipb_c� b� _keb g_h[oh�
^bfh� ij_^mkfhlj_lv jZajZ[hldm f_j ih aZsbl_
f_`^mgZjh^ghc nbgZgkh\hc kbkl_fu hl \ha^_ckl\by
nbgZgkh\uo p_gljh\� \ dhlhjuo \hagbdZxl gZb[he__
k_jv_agu_ ijh[e_fu b dhlhju_ g_ ijbgbfZxl
mqZklby \ f_`^mgZjh^ghf khljm^gbq_kl\_�
1 3 9 . Qlh dZkZ_lky f_j gZ gZpbhgZevghf mjh\g_� lh
=jmiiZ wdki_jlh\ j_dhf_g^h\ZeZ ijbagZlv dhjjmi�
pbx \h \k_o __ nhjfZo m]heh\guf ij_klmie_gb_f b
ij_^mkfhlj_lv \ aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\_ h[ hlfu\Zgbb ^_�
g_] khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ iheh`_gby� dZkZxsb_ky \ayl�
dh^Zl_e_c b kj_^kl\� h[jZamxsboky \ j_amevlZl_ dhj�
jmipbb� h[_ki_qblv� qlh[u iheh`_gby h [Zgdh\kdhc
lZcg_ b nbgZgkh\hf dhgljhe_ g_ y\eyebkv ij_iyl�
kl\b_f ^ey f_`^mgZjh^gh]h khljm^gbq_kl\Z f_`^m
Z^fbgbkljZlb\gufb b km^_[gufb hj]ZgZfb \ h[eZ�
klb [hjv[u k dhjjmipb_c� Z lZd`_ h[_ki_qblv ^ey
khhl\_lkl\mxsbo hj]Zgh\ gZ^e_`Zsb_ \hafh`ghklb
ih gZeZ`b\Zgbx hi_jZlb\gh]h khljm^gbq_kl\Z ih
ijZ\h\uf \hijhkZf \ kemqZ_ dhjjmipbb beb hlfu\Z�
gby ihemq_gguo \ j_amevlZl_ dhjjmipbb kj_^kl\� b
mdj_iblv ihl_gpbZe ]hkm^Zjkl\ \ h[eZklb ij_^m�
ij_`^_gby ihiulhd \ayldh^Zl_e_c b \ayldhihemqZ�
l_e_c bkihevah\Zlv bo nbgZgkh\u_ kbkl_fu ^ey
24
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i_j_\h^Z beb hlfu\Zgby ^_g_`guo kmff� h[jZam�
xsboky \ j_amevlZl_ k]h\hjZ� hkgh\Zggh]h gZ dhj�
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hkgh\_ ijbgpbih\� kh]eZkh\Zgguo gZ f_`^mgZjh^�
ghf mjh\g_�
1 4 0 . Djhf_ lh]h� =jmiiZ wdki_jlh\ ij_^eh`beZ ijb�
f_gylv \ hlghr_gbb dhjjmipbb djmighfZkrlZ[gu_
kbkl_fu ij_^mij_`^_gby hlfu\Zgby ^_g_] b \uy\�
e_gby ij_klmiguo nbgZgkh\uo ihlhdh\� \dexqZy� \
qZklghklb� h[yaZl_evkl\h nbgZgkh\uo mqj_`^_gbc
b^_glbnbpbjh\Zlv k\hbo deb_glh\� h[yaZl_evkl\h
ijhy\eylv hkfhljbl_evghklv b h[yaZl_evkl\h khh[�
sZlv h ih^hajbl_evguo k^_edZo dhfi_l_glguf
hj]ZgZf� dhlhjuf ihjmq_gh ijh\_jylv lZdb_ k^_edb�
4 . F_ju ijhlb\ dhjjmipbb �j_ahexpby 5 4 /1 2 8=_g_jZevghc :kkZf[e_b�
1 4 1 . < k\h_c j_ahexpbb ������ =_g_jZevgZy :kkZf�
[e_y jZkkfhlj_eZ g_h[oh^bfhklv [hjv[u k dhj�
jmipb_c� m^_eb\ hkh[h_ \gbfZgb_ ^\mf Zki_dlZf�
Z� h[_ki_q_gbx Z^_d\Zlghklb gZpbhgZevguo ijZ\h�
\uo j_`bfh\ k lhqdb aj_gby aZsblu hl dhjjmipbb b
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25
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26
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28
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29
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34
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35
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:\kljby� BkiZgby� BlZeby� Kh_^bg_ggh_ Dhjhe_\kl\h
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9 Kf� " E x p la n a to ry r e p o r t o n th e C o n v e n t io n o n th e f i g h ta g a in s t c o rru p t io n in v o lv in g o ff ic ia ls o f th e E u ro p e a nC o m m u n i t ie s o r o f f ic ia ls o f M e m b e r S ta te s o f th eE u ro p e a n U n io n " , O ffic ia l Jo u rn a l C . 3 9 1 (1 5 D e c . 1 9 9 8 ) ,p p . 1 a n d 2 .
10 Ih khklhygbx gZ ^_dZ[jv ���� ]h^Z khhl\_lkl\mxsb_
m\_^hfe_gby =_g_jZevghfm k_dj_lZjx Kh\_lZ
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:\kljby� BkiZgby� Kh_^bg_ggh_ Dhjhe_\kl\h�
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11 < fhf_gl ih^]hlh\db gZklhys_]h ^hdeZ^Z Dhg\_gpbx
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;Z]Zfkdb_ Hkljh\Z� ;heb\by� <_g_kmweZ� =hg^mjZk�
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12 Dhg\_gpby y\beZkv j_amevlZlhf jZ[hlu� gZqZlhc \
1 9 9 4 ]h^m ih ijhkv[_ Kh\_lZ fbgbkljh\ HWKJ�dhlhjuc ijba\Ze kljZgu±qe_gu ijbgylv wnn_dlb\gu_
f_ju ih [hjv[_ k ih^dmihf \ f_`^mgZjh^guo
dhff_jq_kdbo k^_edZo� < ���� ]h^m HWKJ ijbgyeZ
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k^_edZo [ueZ ml\_j`^_gZ \ fZ_ ���� ]h^Z�
13 Kf� C o m m e n ta r ie s o n th e C o n v e n tio n o n C o m b a t in gB r ib e ry o f O ff ic ia ls in In te rn a t io n a l B u s in e s sT ra n s a c t io n s , a d o p te d b y th e N e g o t ia tin g C o n fe r e n c e o n2 1 N o v e m b e r 1 9 9 7 .
14 Ih khklhygbx gZ gZqZeh ���� ]h^Z ke_^mxsb_
2 7 kljZg ijbgyeb aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\h h[ hkms_kl\e_gbbDhg\_gpbb b k^Zeb k\hb jZlbnbdZpbhggu_ ]jZfhlu
=_g_jZevghfm k_dj_lZjx HWKJ� :\kljZeby� :\kljby�
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h[ hkms_kl\e_gbb Dhg\_gpbb� G_dhlhju_ ba
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2 0 0 1 ]h^Z� ^jm]b_ ]hkm^Zjkl\Z �Qbeb� _s_ g_ ij_^klZ�
\beb gZ jZkkfhlj_gb_ iZjeZf_glZ khhl\_lkl\mxs__
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15 Ke_^m_l hlf_lblv� qlh \ Dhg\_gpbb HWCJij_^gZf_j_ggh g_ bkihevam_lky l_jfbg �Zdlb\guc
ih^dmi�� k l_f qlh[u ba[_`Zlv lhedh\Zgby wlh]h
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dZd hagZqZxs_]h� qlh \ayldh^Zl_ev ^_ckl\m_l ih
kh[kl\_gghc bgbpbZlb\_� Z ihemqZl_ev y\ey_lky
iZkkb\ghc `_jl\hc�
16 < khhl\_lkl\bb kh klZlv_c � Dhg\_gpbb Kh\_lZ
?\jhiu h[ m]heh\ghc hl\_lkl\_gghklb �Zdlb\guc
ih^dmi� gZpbhgZevgh]h im[ebqgh]h ^he`ghklgh]h
ebpZ hij_^_ey_lky dZd ij_^gZf_j_ggh_ �h[_sZgb_�
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ebqgh beb q_j_a ihkj_^gbdh\� dZdh]h�eb[h
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im[ebqghfm ^he`ghklghfm ebpm ^ey kZfh]h
^he`ghklgh]h ebpZ beb bgh]h ebpZ� k l_f qlh[u wlh
^he`ghklgh_ ebph kh\_jrbeh dZdh_�eb[h ^_ckl\b_
beb [_a^_ckl\b_ ijb \uiheg_gbb k\hbo ^he`ghklguo
nmgdpbc�� < klZlv_ � �iZkkb\guc ih^dmi�
gZpbhgZevgh]h im[ebqgh]h ^he`ghklgh]h ebpZ
hij_^_ey_lky dZd �aZijZrb\Zgb_ beb ihemq_gb_
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beb q_j_a ihkj_^gbdh\� ex[h]h g_ijZ\hf_jgh]h
ij_bfms_kl\Z ^ey kZfh]h ^he`ghklgh]h ebpZ beb
bgh]h ebpZ beb ijbgylb_ dZdh]h�eb[h ij_^eh`_gby
beb h[_sZgby \ hlghr_gbb dZdh]h�eb[h
ij_bfms_kl\Z� \ p_eyo kh\_jr_gby dZdh]h�eb[h
^_ckl\by beb [_a^_ckl\by ijb \uiheg_gbb k\hbo
^he`ghklguo nmgdpbc��
17 Ke_^m_l mqblu\Zlv� qlh \ Dhg\_gpbb Kh\_lZ ?\jhiuh[ m]heh\ghc hl\_lkl\_gghklb ijb hij_^_e_gbb
Zdlb\gh]h b iZkkb\gh]h ih^dmiZ jZaebqguo dZl_]hjbc
^he`ghklguo ebp ^_eZ_lky kkuedZ gZ hij_^_e_gb_�
kh^_j`Zs__ky \ klZlvyo � b � �kf� kghkdm �� \ur_��
ijbf_gbl_evgh d gZpbhgZevguf im[ebqguf
^he`ghklguf ebpZf�
18 < klZlv_ � Dhg\_gpbb Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h[ m]heh\ghc
hl\_lkl\_gghklb� haZ]eZ\e_gghc �:dlb\guc ih^dmi \
qZklghf k_dlhj_�� mdZau\Z_lky� qlh dZ`^Zy klhjhgZ
ijbgbfZ_l lZdb_ aZdhgh^Zl_evgu_ b ^jm]b_ f_ju�
dZdb_ fh]ml ihlj_[h\Zlvky� k l_f qlh[u ijbagZlv \
dZq_kl\_ m]heh\gh gZdZam_fuo ^_ygbc \ khhl\_lkl\bb
36
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kh k\hbf \gmlj_ggbf aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf� dh]^Z wlh
^_eZ_lky mfure_ggh \ oh^_ dhff_jq_kdhc
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mfure_ggh \ oh^_ dhff_jq_kdhc ^_yl_evghklb�
aZijZrb\Zgb_ beb ihemq_gb_� ebqgh beb q_j_a
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ex[hf dZq_kl\_ gZ lZdbo ij_^ijbylbyo� ex[h]h
g_ijZ\hf_jgh]h ij_bfms_kl\Z beb h[_sZgby
ij_^hklZ\blv lZdh_ ij_bfms_kl\h ^ey kZfbo lZdbo
ebp beb bgh]h ebpZ� beb ijbgylb_ ij_^eh`_gby beb
h[_sZgby ij_^hklZ\blv lZdh_ ij_bfms_kl\h� k l_f
qlh[u hgb kh\_jrbeb dZdh_�eb[h ^_ckl\b_ beb
[_a^_ckl\b_ \ gZjmr_gb_ k\hbo h[yaZgghkl_c�
19 GZ hkgh\_ klZlvb � Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ h
aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\ �fhr_ggbq_kl\h��
gZghkys__ ms_j[ nbgZgkh\uf bgl_j_kZf ?\jhi_c-kdbo khh[s_kl\� khklhbl \ ke_^mxs_f� Z� \ hlghr_gbbjZkoh^h\ – ex[h_ mfure_ggh_ ^_ckl\b_ beb[_a^_ckl\b_ \ hlghr_gbb i ) bkihevah\Zgby bebij_^klZ\e_gby nZevrb\uo� g_ijZ\bevguo beb
g_iheguo \_^hfhkl_c beb ^hdmf_glh\� \ke_^kl\b_
q_]h ijhba\h^blky g_ijZ\bevgh_ Zkkb]gh\Zgb_ beb
g_ijZ\hf_jgh_ m^_j`Zgb_ kj_^kl\ ba h[s_]h [x^`_lZ
?\jhi_ckdbo khh[s_kl\ beb [x^`_lh\� mijZ\ey_fuo
?\jhi_ckdbfb khh[s_kl\Zfb beb hl bo bf_gb�
i i ) khdjulby bgnhjfZpbb \ gZjmr_gb_ dhgdj_lgh]hh[yaZl_evkl\Z� bf_xs_]h ZgZeh]bqgu_ ihke_^kl\by� b
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hgb [ueb i_j\hgZqZevgh ij_^hklZ\e_gu�
b ) \ hlghr_gbb ihklmie_gbc – ex[h_ mfure_ggh_^_ckl\b_ beb [_a^_ckl\b_ \ hlghr_gbb
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^hdmf_glh\� dhlhju_ ijb\h^yl d g_aZdhgghfm
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20 �IZkkb\gZy dhjjmipby� hij_^_ey_lky \ klZlv_ 2I_j\h]h ijhlhdheZ d Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ h
aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\ dZd ij_^gZf_j_ggh_
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lj_lv_c klhjhgu beb ijbgbfZ_l h[_sZgb_
ij_^hklZ\blv lZdb_ ij_bfms_kl\Z� k l_f qlh[u
kh\_jrblv dZdh_�eb[h ^_ckl\b_ beb [_a^_ckl\b_ \
khhl\_lkl\bb kh k\hbfb h[yaZgghklyfb beb ijb
\uiheg_gbb k\hbo nmgdpbc \ gZjmr_gb_ k\hbo
^he`ghklguo h[yaZgghkl_c lZdbf h[jZahf� qlh wlh
gZghkbl beb fh`_l gZg_klb ms_j[ nbgZgkh\uf
bgl_j_kZf ?\jhi_ckdbo khh[s_kl\� �:dlb\gZy
dhjjmipby� hij_^_ey_lky \ klZlv_ � dZd
ij_^gZf_j_ggh_ ^_ckl\b_� k\yaZggh_ k ex[uf
h[_sZgb_f beb ij_^hklZ\e_gb_f� ebqgh beb q_j_a
ihkj_^gbdZ� ex[h]h ij_bfms_kl\Z dZdhfm�eb[h
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beb lj_lv_c klhjhgu� k l_f qlh[u wlh ^he`ghklgh_
ebph kh\_jrbeh dZdh_�eb[h ^_ckl\b_ beb [_a^_ckl\b_
\ khhl\_lkl\bb kh k\hbfb h[yaZgghklyfb beb ijb
\uiheg_gbb k\hbo nmgdpbc \ gZjmr_gb_ k\hbo
^he`ghklguo h[yaZgghkl_c lZdbf h[jZahf� qlh wlh
gZghkbl beb fh`_l gZg_klb ms_j[ nbgZgkh\uf
bgl_j_kZf ?\jhi_ckdbo khh[s_kl\�
21 < khhl\_lkl\bb k ih^imgdlhf �_� klZlvb � <lhjh]h
ijhlhdheZ d Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ h aZsbl_
nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\ hlfu\Zgb_ ^_g_] hagZqZ_l
ih\_^_gb_� dZd hgh hij_^_ey_lky \ lj_lv_f iZjZ]jZn_
klZlvb � ^bj_dlb\u Kh\_lZ 9 1 /3 0 8 /E E C hl �� bxgy
1 9 9 1 ]h^Z h ij_^mij_`^_gbb bkihevah\ZgbynbgZgkh\hc kbkl_fu ^ey p_e_c hlfu\Zgby ^_g_]�
ij_^klZ\eyxsbo kh[hc ^hoh^ hl fhr_ggbq_kdbo
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22 Ih^h[gh ^jm]bf iheh`_gbyf Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h
khxaZ h [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c� nhjfmebjh\dZ
hij_^_e_gby �iZkkb\ghc� b �Zdlb\ghc� dhjjmipbb ih
kms_kl\m hkgh\ZgZ� k mq_lhf g_h[oh^bfuo baf_g_gbc�
gZ khhl\_lkl\mxsbo klZlvyo I_j\h]h ijhlhdheZ d
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bgl_j_kh\ �kf� kghkdm 2 0 ) .23 < khhl\_lkl\bb kh klZlv_c � kh\f_klgh]h aZy\e_gby
?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ �iZkkb\gZy dhjjmipby \ qZklghf
k_dlhj_� hij_^_ey_lky dZd ij_^gZf_j_ggu_ ^_ckl\by
dZdh]h�eb[h ebpZ� dhlhjh_ \ ijhp_kk_ hkms_kl\e_gby
k\h_c dhff_jq_kdhc ^_yl_evghklb� ebqgh beb q_j_a
ihkj_^gbdZ� aZijZrb\Z_l beb ihemqZ_l g_ijZ\hf_jgh_
ij_bfms_kl\h ex[h]h jh^Z beb ijbgbfZ_l h[_sZgb_
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dZdhc�eb[h lj_lv_c klhjhgu� k l_f qlh[u kh\_jrblv
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k\hbo h[yaZgghkl_c� < khhl\_lkl\bb kh klZlv_c 1
37
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�gZjmr_gb_ h[yaZgghkl_c� ^he`gh lhedh\Zlvky \
khhl\_lkl\bb k gZpbhgZevguf aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf�
Dhgp_ipby gZjmr_gby h[yaZgghkl_c \ gZpbhgZevghf
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ex[h_ \_jhehfgh_ ih\_^_gb_� ij_^klZ\eyxs__ kh[hc
gZjmr_gb_ klZlmlguo h[yaZgghkl_c beb� \ aZ\bkbfh�
klb hl dhgdj_lgh]h kemqZy� gZjmr_gby ijhn_kkbhgZev�
guo ijZ\be beb bgkljmdpbc� dhlhju_ ijbf_gyxlky \
kn_j_ dhff_jq_kdhc ^_yl_evghklb ^Zggh]h ebpZ dZd
hgZ hij_^_ey_lky \ kh\f_klghf aZy\e_gbb ?\jhi_c�
kdh]h khxaZ�
24 < khhl\_lkl\bb kh klZlv_c � Kh\f_klgh]h aZy\e_gby
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k_dlhj_� hij_^_ey_lky dZd ij_^gZf_j_ggh_ ^_ckl\b_�
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ij_^hklZ\e_gb_f� ebqgh beb q_j_a ihkj_^gbdZ�
g_ijZ\hf_jgh]h ij_bfms_kl\Z ex[h]h jh^Z dZdhfm�
eb[h ebpm ^ey kZfh]h lZdh]h ebpZ beb dZdhc�eb[h
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klb lZdh]h ebpZ� k l_f qlh[u wlh ebph kh\_jrbeh
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k\hbo h[yaZgghkl_c�
25 < klZlv_ V II I Dhg\_gpbb H:= mdZau\Z_lky� qlh �k
mq_lhf k\h_c dhgklblmpbb b hkgh\hiheZ]Zxsbo
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ij_^eh`_gb_ beb ij_^hklZ\e_gb_� ebqgh beb q_j_a
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ijh`b\Zxsbfb gZ _]h l_jjblhjbb� beb aZj_]bkljbjh�
\Zggufb \ wlhf ]hkm^Zjkl\_ dhff_jq_kdbfb
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26 < klZlv_ IX Dhg\_gpbb H:= mdZau\Z_lky� qlh �k
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2 7 < khhl\_lkl\bb k imgdlhf � klZlvb � Dhg\_gpbb HWKJ�
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28 Ke_^m_l hlf_lblv� qlh \ Dhg\_gpbb Hj]ZgbaZpbbH[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc lZd`_ ^hklZlhqgh ih^jh[gh
j_]mebjm_lky \hijhk �ij_^mij_`^_gby� �klZlvy 3 1 ) ,h^gZdh \ g_c j_qv b^_l [hevr_ h jZaebqguo nhjfZo
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29 Kf� lZd`_ klZlvx ��� imgdl ��
30 < lh `_ \j_fy� _keb mqZklgbd \hkihevah\Zeky
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�klZlvy ��� imgdl 3 ) .31 :gZeh]bqgh_ iheh`_gb_ kh^_j`blky \ Dhg\_gpbb
Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc� dhlhjZy ]eZkbl�
qlh _keb ]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd� hkms_kl\eyxs__
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dhhj^bgZpbb k\hbo ^_ckl\bc �klZlvy ��� imgdl 5 ) .32 Kf� imgdl � klZlvb �� Dhg\_gpbb Hj]ZgbaZpbb
H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc� imgdl � klZlvb �� Dhg\_gpbb
Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h[ m]heh\ghc hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ
dhjjmipbx b imgdl � klZlvb V Dhg\_gpbb H:=�
33 MqZklb_ \ hj]Zgbah\Zgghc ij_klmighc ]jmii_�klZlvy ��� hlfu\Zgb_ ^hoh^h\ hl ij_klmie_gbc
�klZlvy ��� dhjjmipby �klZlvy �� b \hkij_iylkl\h\Zgb_
hkms_kl\e_gbx ijZ\hkm^by �klZlvy 2 3 ) .
34 Ijbf_gy_fu_ gZ hkgh\Zgbb Dhg\_gpbb Hj]ZgbaZpbbH[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc g_dhlhju_ h]jZgbq_gby \
hlghr_gbb \u^Zqb kf� klZlvx ��� imgdlu �� �� b ���
35 :gZeh]bqgh_ iheh`_gb_ kh^_j`blky \ Dhg\_gpbbKh\_lZ ?\jhiu h[ m]heh\ghc hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ
dhjjmipbx �klZlvy ��� imgdl ��� Dhg\_gpbb
?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\
�klZlvy �� imgdl ��� Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ h
[hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c �klZlvy �� imgdl ��� Dhg\_gpbb
H:= �klZlvy X I I I � imgdl 6 ) b Dhg\_gpbb HWKJ�klZlvy ��� imgdl 3 ) .
38
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36 GZ �[Zgdh\kdmx lZcgm� kkuedb ^_eZxlky lZd`_ \
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37 KlZlvy X I I I �imgdlu �±�� Dhg\_gpbb H:=
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42 :\kljZeby�:\kljby� ;_ev]by� ;he]Zjby� <_g]jby�=_jfZgby� =j_pby� BkeZg^by� BkiZgby� DZgZ^Z� Dhj_y�
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43 K ^hdeZ^Zfb jZaguo kljZg fh`gh hagZdhfblvky q_j_a
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44 < hlghr_gbb h[ahjZ oh^Z hkms_kl\e_gby Dhg\_gpbb
HWKJ kf� R ep o rt b y th e C IM E : im p lem en ta tio n o f th eC o n v en tio n o n B r ib e ry in In te rn a tio n a l B u s in e ssTra n sa c tio n s b WKH ���� 5HYLVHG 5HFRPPHQGDWLRQV
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46 LZf `_, p a r a g ra p h s 4 0 , 4 2 a n d 4 6 .
47 LZf `_, p a r a g ra p h 4 9 .48 Kh^_j`ZsZyky \ klZlv_ � nhjfmebjh\dZ �khhl\_lkl\m�
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39
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b km^_[ghf jZa[bjZl_ev-kl\_ \ k\yab k ij_klmie_-gbyfb� ho\Zlu\Z_fufb
wlhc Dhg\_gpb_c �kl� 1 8 ) .
Dhg\_gpby jZa\b\Z_l
dhgp_ipbx �^h[jhkh\_-klghklb� ^he`ghklguo
ebp b ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l
ij_^hklZ\e_gb_ hj]ZgZf ih
[hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c
^hklZlhqghc g_aZ\bkb-fhklb ^ey h]jZ`^_gby bo
hl ijZ\hf_jgh]h \ebygby
gZ bo ^_ckl\by �kl� 9 ) .
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Dhg\_gpbb [m^_l khau-\Zlvky g_ iha^g__ q_f
q_j_a ]h^ ihke_ \klmie_gby
\ kbem Dhg\_gpbb ^ey
kh^_ckl\by b h[ahjZ oh^Z
hkms_kl\e_gby Dhg\_gpbb
�kl� 3 2 ) .
Dhg\_gpby Kh\_lZ
?\jhiu h[ m]heh\ghc
hl\_lkl\_gghklb
aZ dhjjmipbx
��Dhg\_gpby K? h[
m]heh\ghc hl\_lkl\_g-ghklb aZ dhjjmipbx�
1 . :dlb\guc b iZkkb\guc
ih^dmi ^he`ghklguo ebp
]hkm^Zjkl\Z b bghkljZgguo
^he`ghklguo ebp� iZjeZ�
f_glZjb_\� ^he`ghklguo ebp
f_`^mgZjh^guo hj]ZgbaZpbc�
km^_c b ^he`ghklguo ebp
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2 . :dlb\gZy b iZkkb\gZy
�lhj]h\ey \ebygb_f��
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ihemq_gguo hl dhjjmipbb�
4 . IjZ\hgZjmr_gby� dZkZ�
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ij_klmie_gbyfb�
5 . :dlb\guc b iZkkb\guc
ih^dmi \ qZklghf k_dlhj_�
6 . AZdhgh^Zl_evkl\h kih�
kh[kl\mxsb_ beb ihl\hj�
kl\mxs__ kh\_jr_gbx dZdh]h�
eb[h ba m]heh\guo ij_klmi�
e_gbc� ijbagZgguo lZdh\ufb
\ khhl\_lkl\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c�
Hl ]hkm^Zjkl\ lj_[m_lky
ij_^mkfZljb\Zlv wnn_d�
lb\gu_� khjZaf_jgu_ b
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\Zxs__ \ha^_ckl\b_
m]heh\gu_ kZgdpbb b
f_ju� \dexqZy� dh]^Z
ij_klmie_gby kh\_jrZ�
xlky nbabq_kdbfb ebpZfb�
gZdZaZgby \ \b^_ ebr_gby
k\h[h^u� dhlhjh_ fh`_l
klZlv hkgh\Zgb_f ^ey
\u^Zqb �kl� 1 9 ) .Xjb^bq_kdb_ ebpZ [m^ml
ih^\_j]Zlvky wnn_dlb\�
guf� khjZaf_jguf b
hdZau\Zxsbf k^_j`b�
\Zxs__ \ha^_ckl\b_
m]heh\guf kZgdpbyf beb
kZgdpbyf g_m]heh\gh]h
oZjZdl_jZ� \ lhf qbke_
^_g_`guf rljZnZf
�kl� 1 9 ) .
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Ij_^mkfZljb\Z_lky� qlh
m]heh\gu_ ij_klmie_gby�
mklZgh\e_ggu_ \ khhl\_l�
kl\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c� jZk�
kfZljb\Zxlky gZ ij_^f_l
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\hgZjmr_gbc� aZ dhlhju_
\bgh\gu_ ih^e_`Zl
\u^Zq_� \ ex[hc ^h]h\hj
h \u^Zq_� ^_ckl\mxsbc
f_`^m ^\mfy beb g_kdhev�
dbfb klhjhgZfb �kl� 2 7 ) .<aZbfgZy ijZ\h\Zy
ihfhsv� ^Z�
Dhg\_gpby ij_^mkfZljb�
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hdZau\Zlv ^jm] ^jm]m
kZfmx rbjhdmx \aZbfgmx
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gby jZkkfhlj_gby aZijh�
kh\� ihklmiZxsbo hl khhl�
\_lkl\mxsbo hj]Zgh\
�kl� 2 6 ) .
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jb\Z_l ijbgylb_ f_j�
h[_ki_qb\Zxsbo ki_�
pbZebaZpbx nbabq_kdbo
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[hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c�
ij_^hklZ\e_gb_ bf ^hklZ�
lhqghc g_aZ\bkbfhklb b
h[_ki_q_gb_ Z^_d\Zlghc
ih^]hlh\db b nbgZgkh\uo
j_kmjkh\ ^ey khljm^gbdh\
lZdbo hj]ZgbaZpbc ^ey
\uiheg_gby bfb k\hbo
aZ^Zq �kl� 2 0 ) .
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Dhg\_gpbb [m^_l gZ[ex�
^Zlv =jmiiZ ]hkm^Zjkl\
ih [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c
�=J?DH��
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^bfhc =J?DH� ih^jh[gh
baeZ]Zxlky \ klZlvyo 1 0 – 1 6KlZlmlZ wlhc hj]ZgbaZpbb
b \ ]eZ\_ I I __ ijZ\beijhp_^mju�
E/C
N.15/2001/3
41
GZa\Zgb_ Ho\Zlu\Z_fh_ ijZ\hgZjmr_gb_ F_ju b kZgdpbb
F_`^mgZjh^gh_
khljm^gbq_kl\h Ij_^mij_`^_gb_ F_oZgbaf dhgljhey
Dhg\_gpby� ih^]hlh\�
e_ggZy gZ hkgh\_
klZlvb D�� >h]h\hjZ
?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ
h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo
bgl_j_kh\ ?\jhi_c�
kdbo khh[s_kl\
��Dhg\_gpby ?K
h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo
bgl_j_kh\���ANB�Z.
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\Zxs__ nbgZgkh\u_ bgl_j_ku
?\jhi_ckdbo khh[s_kl\�
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jb\Z_l wnn_dlb\gu_�
khjZaf_jgu_ b hdZau\Z�
xsb_ k^_j`b\Zxs__
\ha^_ckl\b_ m]heh\gu_
kZgdpbb� ih djZcg_c f_j_
\ k_jv_aguo kemqZyo�
\dexqZy ebr_gb_ k\h�
[h^u� dhlhjh_ fh`_l klZlv
hkgh\Zgb_f ^ey \u^Zqb aZ
mihfygmlu_ \ Dhg\_gpbb
ijZ\hgZjmr_gby� Z lZd`_
aZ mqZklb_ \ lZdbo ijZ\h�
gZjmr_gbyo b d ih^�
klj_dZl_evkl\m d gbf
�kl� 2 ) .
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ex[h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±qe_g�
dhlhjh_ \ kbem k\h_]h
aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\Z g_ \u�
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g_h[oh^bfu_ f_ju
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agZgguo lZdh\ufb \
khhl\_lkl\bb k Dhg\_g�
pb_c� \ lhf kemqZ_� _keb
ih^h[gu_ ijZ\hgZjmr_gby
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gu_ ]jZ`^Zg_ aZ ij_^_�
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ij_ke_^h\Zgb_�� b
� ��Khljm^gbq_kl\h���
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g_ kh^_j`blky�
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nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_�
kh\ ?\jhi_ckdbo
khh[s_kl\
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d Dhg\_gpbb ?K h
ANB��Z.
:dlb\gZy b iZkkb\gZy dhj�
jmipby ^he`ghklguo ebp
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ebp ]hkm^Zjkl\� gZghkysZy
beb fh]msZy gZg_klb ms_j[
nbgZgkh\uf bgl_j_kZf
?\jhi_ckdbo khh[s_kl\�
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qlh b \ Dhg\_gpbb ?K h
ANB�
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< klZlv_ � IjhlhdheZ
kh^_j`blky kkuedZ gZ
dhgdj_lgu_ iheh`_gby
klZl_c � ��<u^ZqZ b m]h�
eh\gh_ ij_ke_^h\Zgb_��
b � ��Khljm^gbq_kl\h��
Dhg\_gpbb ?K h ANB� \
dhlhjhc wlb iheh`_gby
h[ty\eyxlky ijbf_gb�
fufb d kh^_j`Zs_fmky \
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Zdlb\ghc b iZkkb\ghc
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r_gbyf� hij_^_e_gby
dhlhjuo kh^_j`Zlky \
klZlv_ 4 .
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g_ kh^_j`blky�
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kl\e_gb_f IjhlhdheZ g_
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jhev ?\jhi_ckdh]h km^Z�
dhlhjuc dhfi_l_gl_g
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f_g_gb_f IjhlhdheZ�
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]hlh\e_gguc gZ
hkgh\_ klZlvb D��
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kdh]h khxaZ d Dhg\_g�
pbb h aZsbl_ nbgZg�
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Hlfu\Zgb_ ^_g_]� < hlghr_gbb xjb^bq_�
kdbo ebp <lhjhc ijhlhdhe
�kl� �� ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l
wnn_dlb\gu_� khjZaf_jgu_
b hdZau\Zxsb_ k^_j`b\Z�
xs__ \ha^_ckl\b_ kZgd�
pbb� dhlhju_ \dexqZxl
<h <lhjhf ijhlhdhe_
kh^_j`Zlky iheh`_gby�
j_]mebjmxsb_ hlghr_gby
khljm^gbq_kl\Z f_`^m
]hkm^Zjkl\Zfb±qe_gZfb
b Dhfbkkb_c \ kn_j_
^_ckl\by Dhg\_gpbb ?K h
Dhgdj_lguo iheh`_gbc
g_ ij_^mkfZljb\Z_lky�
Dhgdj_lgh]h f_oZgbafZ
^ey dhgljhey aZ hkms_�
kl\e_gb_f IjhlhdheZ
g_ ij_^mkfZljb\Z_lky�
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jhev ?\jhi_ckdh]h km^Z�
dhlhjuc dhfi_l_gl_g
E/C
N.15/2001/3
42
GZa\Zgb_ Ho\Zlu\Z_fh_ ijZ\hgZjmr_gb_ F_ju b kZgdpbb
F_`^mgZjh^gh_
khljm^gbq_kl\h Ij_^mij_`^_gb_ F_oZgbaf dhgljhey
?\jhi_ckdbo khh[�
s_kl\ ��<lhjhc ijh�
lhdhe d Dhg\_gpbb ?K
h ANB��Z.
ijbf_g_gb_ gZdZaZgbc aZ
m]heh\gh gZdZam_fu_ b
m]heh\gh g_gZdZam_fu_
ijZ\hgZjmr_gby b fh]ml
\dexqZlv ^jm]b_ kZgdpbb�
\ qZklghklb�
Z� ebr_gb_ ijZ\Z gZ
ihemq_gb_ ]hkm^Zjkl\_g�
guo ev]hl beb ihfhsb�
b ) \j_f_ggZy beb
ihklhyggZy ^bkd\Zebnb�
dZpby� ebrZxsZy \ha�
fh`ghklb aZgbfZlvky
dhff_jq_kdhc ^_yl_ev�
ghklvx�
k� ijbf_g_gb_ km^_[gh]h
gZ^ahjZ�
d ) \ug_k_gb_ km^hf ijb�
dZaZ h ebd\b^Zpbb ij_^�
ijbylby�
ANB b ijhlhdheh\ d g_c b
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khljm^gbq_kl\Z� =hkm^Zj�
kl\Z±qe_gu b Dhfbkkby
jZa\b\Zxl kh\f_klgh_
khljm^gbq_kl\h \ kn_j_
[hjv[u k fhr_ggbq_kl\hf�
Zdlb\ghc b iZkkb\ghc
dhjjmipb_c b hlfu\Zgb_f
^_g_] �kl� 7 ) .
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fh`_l ^Z\Zlv aZdexq_gby
\ kemqZ_ dheebabc� \hagb�
dZxsbo \ k\yab k ijbf_�
g_gb_f IjhlhdheZ�
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klZlvb D�� ����k�
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kdh]h khxaZ h [hjv[_
k dhjjmipb_c ^he`�
ghklguo ebp ?\jhi_c�
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h [hjv[_ k dhjjmi�
pb_c��Z.
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jmipby ^he`ghklguo ebp
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ebp ]hkm^Zjkl\�
:gZeh]bqgu_ iheh`_gby�
qlh b \ Dhg\_gpbb ?K h
ANB�
Kf� klZlvx � Dhg\_gpbb
?K h [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c�
Iheh`_gby h \u^Zq_� m]h�
eh\ghf ij_ke_^h\Zgbb b
khljm^gbq_kl\_ �kl� � b ��
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dhjjmipb_c hkgh\Zgu gZ
iheh`_gbyo Dhg\_gpbb ?K
h ANB�
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g_ kh^_j`blky�
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^ey dhgljhey aZ hkms_�
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g_ ij_^mkfZljb\Z_lky�
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qlh \ Dhg\_gpbb ?K h
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^_ckl\bc�
< hlghr_gbb xjb^bq_kdbo
ebp \ Kh\f_klguo ^_ckl�
\byo ?K �kl� �� kh^_j`Zlky
l_ `_ kZfu_ iheh`_gby�
qlh b \h <lhjhf ijhlhdhe_
d Dhg\_gpbb ?K h ANB�
< Kh\f_klguo ^_ckl\byo
ij_^mkfZljb\Z_lky� qlh
ex[h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±qe_g�
dhlhjh_ \ kbem k\h_]h
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kh^_j`blky�
E/C
N.15/2001/3
43
GZa\Zgb_ Ho\Zlu\Z_fh_ ijZ\hgZjmr_gb_ F_ju b kZgdpbb
F_`^mgZjh^gh_
khljm^gbq_kl\h Ij_^mij_`^_gb_ F_oZgbaf dhgljhey
\ Kh\f_klguo ^_ckl\byo
dZd Zdlb\gZy b iZkkb\gZy
dhjjmipby� _keb wlb ijZ\h�
gZjmr_gby kh\_jrZxl _]h
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ij_^_eZfb _]h l_jjblhjbb
�imgdl � kl� 7 ) .
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dhg\_gpby h [hjv[_
k dhjjmipb_c
��Dhg\_gpby H:=���
1 . Dhjjmipby ^he`ghklguo
ebp ]hkm^Zjkl\�
2 . Ih^dmi bghkljZgguo
^he`ghklguo ebp \ k\yab
k hkms_kl\e_gb_f wdhghfb�
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3 . G_aZdhggh_ h[h]Zs_gb_�
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g_ kh^_j`blky�
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k dhjjmipb_c �kl� X IV ) .
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