Post on 17-Jan-2016
EATING EATING DISORDERSDISORDERSa disruption of eating habits outside the normal range (usually a compulsion to eat or avoid eating), that negatively affects both one's physical and mental health.
EPIDEMICEPIDEMICIn their lifetime, an estimated 15-16 million adults will suffer from an eating disorder (about 30% of worldwide total according to http://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/counseling/Eating_Disorder_Statistics.pdf
)
Women 3 times more likely than men
1 in 20 Anorexics will die from Anorexia; about 12 times higher than the annual death rate for all other causes of death among females ages 15-24.15
From the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Types of Eating DisordersTypes of Eating DisordersAnorexia Nervosa
Anorexia Athletica
Bulimia Nervosa
Non-associated eating disorders
Anorexia Nervosa definedAnorexia Nervosa defined
a psychophysiological (meaning
emotional AND physical) disorder characterized by an abnormal fear of becoming fat & a distorted self-image
believing one is fat when in reality the individual is at least 15% below healthy body weight.This causes a persistent unwillingness to eat, and severe weight loss.
What are the causes of What are the causes of Anorexia?Anorexia?
Body image issuesMediaPeers
Associated with high Cortisol & Serotonin levels
Addictive personalities more susceptible
Associated with BPD & OCDBorderline Personality DisorderObsessive Compulsive Disorder
Those w/family history are more vulnerable
Dangers of AnorexiaDangers of AnorexiaAbnormal menstruation or loss of menstruation/fertility
Dry hair and skin; hair loss is common.
Growth of a layer of hair called lanugo all over the body, including the face to keep the body warm.
Osteoporosis, which results in dry, brittle bones, increased potential for serious breakage.
Muscle loss and weakness.
Severe dehydration, kidney failure.
Fainting, fatigue, and overall weakness.
Heart muscle changes causing abnormally slow heart rate and low blood pressure
Death from heart failure
Signs of AnorexiaSigns of Anorexia
Sudden, severe weight lossObsession with food
Preparing far in advanceCutting food a certain wayOnly eating certain foods
Stimulants (caffeine, pills)Lying about weight or food intakeAvoiding social situations, especially those associated with foodAnxiety over interruption of their normal routine/rituals.Lanugo (fine body hair)
Bulimia Nervosa definedBulimia Nervosa defined
A psychophysiological disorder characterized by abnormal fear of becoming fat and a distorted self-image. This causes binge eating followed by purging of food through self-induced vomiting or other means.
Bulimia vs. “Non-specific Bulimia vs. “Non-specific eating disordereating disorder”
A minimum of two binge-and-purge episodes a week for at least three months is necessary for diagnosis as Bulimic
What is “Binge eating”?Eating, in a discrete period of time (e.g., within a two-hour period), an amount of food that is definitely larger than most people would eat in a similar time period/similar circumstances.
A sense of lack of control over eating during the episode (e.g., a feeling that one cannot stop eating or control what/how much one is eating).
Non-purging BulimiaNon-purging Bulimia
A person may not engage in vomiting, but may use other inappropriate compensatory behaviors, such as:
Fasting
Laxatives, Enemas, diuretics or other medications
excessive exercise
Dangers Dangers of of BulimiaBulimia
What are the causes of What are the causes of Bulimia?Bulimia?
Associated with DepressionLow natural serotonin levels are compensated for by overeating (which releases serotonin)
Body image issues (role of media?)Addictive personalities are more susceptibleThose w/family history are more vulnerable
Dangers of Binge eatingDangers of Binge eatingGastric rupture
Nausea
Abdominal pain and distention
Prolonged digestion
Weight gain
Cardiac arrhythmias§
§--Hospitalization required.
Dangers of PurgingDangers of PurgingDental erosion Enlarged salivary glandsOral/hand traumaEsophageal/pharyngeal damageIrritation of esophagus and/or pharynx due to contact withgastric acids Heartburn and sore throatUpper gastrointestinal tearsPerforation of upper digestive tract, esophagus or stomach*Excessive blood in vomitus and gastric pain†Electrolyte imbalancesHypokalemia‡FatigueMuscle spasmsHeart palpitationsParesthesias§Tetany§Seizures§
*--A rare but potentially lethal complication. †--Should be evaluated on an urgent basis. ‡--A potential medical emergency. §--Acute care required.
Signs of BulimiaSigns of Bulimia
Regular trips to the bathroom (alone) after meals, may be followed by
bloodshot eyes/broken blood vessels in eyesBad (vomit) breath or gum to hide itVoice changes
Swollen cheeks or jaw area Darkened or raw fingernails or fingertipsCalluses or scrapes on the knuckles (if using fingers to induce vomiting) Teeth that look clear, brown or black Obsession with exercise, even when injured or in odd circumstances Weight fluctuations over time
How are they treated?How are they treated?
Lots of different therapies for lots of different problems
Medication for Psychiatric conditionsTreated w/Prozac, other anti-depressants
Compulsive actions
Overcoming Addiction
Body image issues
Family issues
Control issues
How can I help?How can I help? C.O.N.F.R.O.N.T.
C = Concern (express genuine concern)
O = Organize (who, what, when, where, why, how)
N = Needs
F = Face to Face
R = Respond
O = Offer
N = Negotiate
T = Time