Post on 23-Feb-2016
description
Eating/ Body Image Disorders
Do you know anyone that has an Eating Disorder?
20 Professional Athletes with Eating Disorders
Who has Eating Disorders?
Preventing, Detecting, and Managing Disordered Eating in Athletes
o Purpose: “To provide recommendations to better prepare ATC, other health care providers, sports management personnel, and coaches for the challenges of understanding and working with athletes who present with DE or who may be at risk.”
NATA Position Statement:
A ED where an individual sees themselves overweight or not attractive and loses appetite and is unable to eat.
0.9% of women=Anorexia Nervosa 0%-2% women athletes= AN Up to 50% of patients with AN develop
bulimic symptoms but still carry the primary diagnosis of AN
Mortality rate= 10% with 10yrs. Of diagnosis.
Anorexia Nervosia (AN)
A ED where an individual disapproves of their body image and restricts food or fasts, followed by binging & purging.
1.5% of women=Bulimia Nervosa 1.1%-6% women athletes=BN 1% patients die within 10 years of diagnosis Self-induced vomiting is the most common form of purging.
Bulimia Nervosia (BN)
Sometimes called Bigorexia. A disorder in which a person becomes
obsessed with the idea that he or she is not muscular enough
Opposite of Anorexia Roots: obsessed with exercise-mostly weightlifting, use of steroids, and avoid removing clothes.
Muscle Dysmorphia
Body image is a broad construct that refers to visual images of and attitudes toward the body
There are also demands to be thin for maximizing performance
Concerns for appearance, especially in aesthetic sports (gymnastics, diving, and figure skating) in which physical appearance may be a part of the judging process
Body Image
Equal attention should be paid to male athletes who exhibit signs and symptoms of EDs
Males have more of a problem talking about EDs because it is seen as a feminine disorder
Males usually don’t have signs of malnutrition
Women Aren’t the Only Ones…
Structured educational and behavioral programs for athletes, coaches, ATCs, administrators, and other support staff.
Athletes should feel comfortable talking about eating disorders with their athletic trainers.
Athletic trainers should stress the importance of a healthy diet and that it varies from sport to sport.
Female athletes-Menstrual cycle irregularities & importance of seeking medical attention at first signs.
Prevention
Be alert to the most common behavioral and psychological characteristics
Self-reporting EDs are rare among athletes due to secrecy, shame, denial, and embarrassment.
Early detection requires a screening program: PPE, questionnaires, interviews, and/or observations.
Detecting
“Initial conversation should be straightforward, disclosing evidence of DE and balancing concerns for the athlete’s health and well being.”
Referral: supervising physician-for physical examination
If diagnosis was established- examination includes: past and present symptoms, past and present treatment, and the future care and treatment
Lab tests and/or electrocardiograph may be required.
Managing
Hospitalization, residential programs, partial hospitalization, or various outpatient care.
Working with athletes with an ED should include programs to help nutrition and mental health.
o Nutrition: dietary counseling-maintain energy levels
o Mental Health: counseling to help admit that an individual has an ED.
o Support: Family, Teammates, Friends, Coaches, and ATC.
Treatment Settings
Having unrealistic standards, being overly self-critical, and doubting themselves, increases the individuals likelihood of negatively evaluating their bodies in comparison to the social beauty ideal
Key personality and psychological constructs:◦ Perfectionism◦ Psychological well-being◦ Reasons for exercising ◦ Appearance orientation
Psychological Factors for Athletes Who Fall Victim to EDs:
Perfectionism: unrealistic standards, overly self-critical, and doubt about self would cause an individual to evaluate body critique in a negative way.
Psychological Well-Being: self-esteem issue coming from comments made by family, peers, co-workers, etc.
Reasons for Exercising: range from exercising to improve health, to exercising to appear to be more attractive.
Appearance Orientation: those who worry more about appearance are more likely to participate in an ED rather than those who are less worried about appearance.
Questions???