Post on 25-Feb-2016
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Overview Symbiosis Earth’s layers Plate Tectonics/ Pangaea Rock Types Law of Superposition Fossils Relative/Absolute Age Evolution/Natural Selection/Adaptation Geologic Time Scale
Symbiosis: Relationships between organisms
Mutualism: Both benefit (+, +) AKA cooperation
Commensalism: One benefits, the other is unaffected (+, 0)
Parasitism: One benefits, other is harmed (+, -)
Competition: 2 species fighting for the same resource (ex. sunlight, food, space, shelter, mates)
Practice EOG QuestionWhat happens to a population and to competition when there is a reduction of living space?A) The population expands and competition
intensifiesB) Competition strengthens while the population
contractsC) The population increases as competition
decreasesD) Competition weakens and the population
decreases
Practice EOG QuestionKudzu vines grow by climbing and wrapping around trees. Trees covered by kudzu can die because they are starved of sunlight. What type of relationship exists between the trees and the kudzu growing on them?A) CompetitionB) MutualismC) ParasitismD) Predator-prey
Earth’s Layers
Lithosphere: crust and upper mantle (tectonic plates)
Plates float on Asthenosphere (liquid mantle)
Plate Tectonics Earth’s Lithosphere is made of moving plates
Convergent Boundary: plates push together Divergent Boundary: plates move apart (divorce) Transform Boundary: plates scrape sideways
Practice EOG QuestionWhat do earthquakes tell scientists about the history of the planet?A) Earth’s climate is continually changingB) The continents of Earth are continually movingC) Dinosaurs became extinct about 65 million years
agoD) The oceans are much deeper today than millions
of years ago
Pangaea
“Supercontinent”
All continents on Earth were once joined together
Evidence: Same fossils on different continents; tropical plant fossils in arctic
3 Rock Types
Sedimentary Rock
Metamorphic Rock
Igneous Rock
Formed by pressing pieces together
Where fossils are found!
Formed from heat and pressure
Formed from solid magma
Rock Cycle: changing rocks from one type to another
Law of Superposition
Oldest rocks on bottom, youngest on top
Example of Relative Age (finding age by comparing)
Practice EOG QuestionScientists find dinosaur fossils in the bottom rock layers of a cliff and mammal fossils in the middle rock layer of the cliff. Which could best be concluded from this evidence?A) Dinosaurs ate plantsB) Dinosaurs were eaten by mammalsC) Dinosaurs lived on Earth before the mammalsD) Dinosaurs and mammals lived at the same time
FOSSILS Remains of something once LIVING
preserved in sedimentary rock (ex. Plants, animals, fish)
Transition Fossil: Shows how species has changed over time
Index Fossil: Tells us what time period a rock layer is from (ex. Trilobite)
Largest fossil found in Argentina!As heavy as 14 elephants, as long as 2 tractor trailers: Meet “Mr. Titanosaur”
Practice EOG Question1. A scientist finds the bones of a dinosaur. What could help the scientist determine the approximate age of the dinosaur bones?A) The birds living in the area of the bonesB) The weather conditions in the area of the bonesC) The kinds of trees living in the area of the bonesD) The index fossils in the area of the bones
Extra: They are asking for approximate age – is this relative or absolute age?
Practice EOG QuestionHow do scientists know that some mountains were once at the bottom of an ocean?A) Freshwater rivers flow to the oceanB) Saltwater fish are found in some mountain
streamsC) Dinosaur bones have been discovered in the
mountainsD) Marine fossils have been found on the peaks of
some mountains
Determining Age
Relative Age Determines age
by comparing Ex. “This rock
layer is older than this rock layer”
Absolute Age Tells us EXACT
age Uses “carbon
dating” – measures how
Geologic Time Scale
Timeline of the history of the Earth
Organized by Eras and Periods
Can use fossils and ice cores to see changes
Natural Selection and Adaptation Charles Darwin: Galapagos Islands, Iguanas &
Finches
Natural Selection: Survival of the fittest! Those best able to survive, will survive and reproduce If you can’t survive in your environment, you DIE!
Adaptation: When a species changes a behavior to better survive in their environment
ExtinctionsIf an organism can’t change or adapt with their environment, they become extinct and die.
Dinosaur extinction:1. Either asteroid or volcano2. Sky fills with ash, blocking the sun. 3. Earth temp dropped, killed many species. 4. Then the dust settled, and greenhouse gases brought temps back up.