Early People and River Early People and River CivilizationsCivilizations

Early PeopleEarly People

• Hunters and Gatherers– Nomads: People who move to find food

• Paleolithic: Stone Age– Used simple tools and Language

• Spiritual Beliefs– Buried dead with tools and weapons, and with

care.

Cultural DiffusionCultural Diffusion

• What does this mean?What does this mean?

Scientists believe that humans migrated from Africa into Europe, across Asia, and then across the land bridge to N. America.

What else came with these people?

Neolithic RevolutionNeolithic Revolution

• Warming ClimateWarming Climate– Permanent settlements based on Agriculture. Permanent settlements based on Agriculture.

(Traditional Economy)(Traditional Economy)• Social classesSocial classes

– New technologyNew technology

• Domesticated AnimalsDomesticated Animals

EgyptEgypt

Egypt is a country located on the continent of Africa. The Nile River runs through Egypt. The Nile RiverNile River allowed the people of Egypt to develop and thrive.

Polytheistic…..Polytheistic…..God of Name Appearance

Sun Ra head of falcon and sun disk

Music Hathor horns of cow and sun disk

Destruction Sekhmet head of lion

Sky Nut blue with golden stars

Earth Geb colour of plants and Nile mud

Dead Osiris dressed in white with crook and flail

Desert Seth animal head with long curved snout

Pharoah Horus head of hawk and crown of Egypt

Magic Isis throne on head or holding baby

Wisdom Thoth head of ibis

Embalming Anubis head of jackal

Justice Ma'at feather in her hair

Creation Amun crowned with feathers

Cats Bastet head of cat

Pharaoh:Pharaoh: God and a King.

Dynasty:

Egyptian Social Classes

PharaohPharaoh

PriestsPriests

NoblesNobles

Craftspeople and MerchantsCraftspeople and Merchants

Peasant FarmersPeasant Farmers

SlavesSlaves

Women had the highest statues in Egypt compared to any other ancient culture.

ContributionsContributions• Advances in Science and ArtAdvances in Science and Art

• Human Anatomy, from mummification.Human Anatomy, from mummification.

• CalendarCalendar

• Monuments.Monuments.

• Hieroglyphics.Hieroglyphics.

Recap:Recap:• Ancient• River Civilization• Social Hierarchy • Language• Art• Science• Religion• Government

MesopotamiaMesopotamia

• Tigris and Euphrates riversTigris and Euphrates rivers• Fertile CrescentFertile Crescent• PolytheisticPolytheistic• Government:Government:

– Each city had a hereditary ruler.Each city had a hereditary ruler.– Collected taxes, enforced laws.Collected taxes, enforced laws.

• Social ClassesSocial Classes• Strong trade economyStrong trade economy• Irrigation SystemsIrrigation Systems• Cuneiform: system of writingCuneiform: system of writing• Algebra and GeometryAlgebra and Geometry

Other Middle East CivilizationsOther Middle East Civilizations• Assyrians• Persians• Babylonians

– HAMMURABI:HAMMURABI:• Code of Hammurabi: a set of written laws. Established

standards of justice for all classes. “an eye for an eye.” Punishment was harsh.

• If any one bring an accusation of any crime before the elders, and does not prove what he has charged, he shall, if it be a capital offense charged, be put to death.

•  If any one is committing a robbery and is caught, then he shall be put to death.

Characteristics of a Characteristics of a CivilizationCivilization

• SettlementSettlement

• LanguageLanguage

• GovernmentGovernment

• ReligionReligion

• Art/ArchitectureArt/Architecture

• Social StructureSocial Structure

Assignment

• Venn Diagram comparing Egypt to Mesopotamia