- 1. Dry cleaning products analysed and tested at the Netherlands
Institute of Cultural Heritage Henk van Keulen, Suzan de Groot,
Marjolein Groot Wassink, Ineke Joosten, Maude Daudin, Amsterdam,
October 2009This table lists a range of cleaning products that may
be used by paintings conservators. Except for the PVA sponges all
products were tested dry. The products were obtained from the
suppliers mentioned.The chemical content of the products was
analysed. The residues on or in the surface of an oil paint layer
were investigated. The handling and cleaning power of the
productswere assessed based on tests performed on unvarnished aged
oil paint layers. Special attention should be given to the remarks
in the red rectangles; these concern specific remarks or concerns
regarding the use of the products.Part of this table will be
published in an article in preparation by Maude Daudin, Madeleine
Bisschoff, Henk van Keulen, Marjolein Groot Wassink, Suzan de
Groot, Ineke Joosten, Maarten van Bommel and Klaas Jan van den
BergDisclaimer:All information in this table, from literature and
our own experiments, were gathered with the best of the authors
knowledge. ICN nor the contributors to this table will be
heldresponsible for any faults or problems that might arise from
the use of this information.ICN intends to keep this table updated
regularly and to spread practical knowledge through workshops led
by Ms. Maude Daudin.We welcome your feedback on this table. last
update 26 january 2011For more information about this ICN project
please contact the project leader Klaas Jan van den Berg;
k.van.den.berg@cultureelerfgoed.nl.composition according to
composition residues on paint surfaceproperties andcleaning
resultscleaning product (year of purchase) supplier /
manufactureranalysed by:material (microscopy)handling remarks
(py)-GCMSpotential hazards 0 10manufacturer FTIR intact paint
layerabrasion 0 10supplier SEM/EDS organic compounds (GCMS) intact
paint layerpolishing2Smoke Sponge (2006) vulcanised natural
rubberisoprene rubber few particles (0-5 per cm )Rubbery
texture;Even excellent cleaning.mild soap (60 mg/kg)
sulphurexcellent contact with paint layer; chalksponge surface
oxidizes andbecomes hard and unusable.abrasion 1Conservation by
Design Limited no compounds detectedpolishing 42Akapad weich (2006)
special filled vulcanised latexstyrene butadiene rubber (SBR)many
particles (> 50 per cm ), Rubbery texture; self consuming Even
excellent cleaning.Art. No 4101 vulcanized castor oil difficult to
removematerial; soft; orange colouration antioxidant NG-2246on
gloves after use.Akachemie abrasion 1Deffner&Johann no
compounds detectedpolishing 1Akapad white (2006) special filled
vulcanised latexstyrene butadiene rubber (SBR)many particles (>
50 per cm2), Rubbery texture; self consuming Even excellent
cleaning.Art. No 4151 vulcanized castor oil difficult to
removematerial; more compact than antioxidant NG-2246Akapad
Weich.Akachemie abrasion 1Deffner&Johann no compounds
detectedpolishing 1BIC, Galet (2009) synthetic rubber factis
(vulcanised vegetable oil) many particles (> 50 per cm2),
Rubbery texture; self consuming Uneven average cleaning. chalk
difficult to removematerial;inadequate for paint surfacesBIC
abrasion 8local storeSEM/EDS analysis not performednot analysed
polishing 72draft clean powder DCP3 (2004)Soy bean oil fiber
particles (90%) sulphur vulcanized vegetable oilmany particles
(> 50 per cm ), Rubbery texture;Even average cleaning.talcum
powder (10%)talcumdifficult to removeuse with cotton pad or
brusherasersneutral PHto avoid uneven cleaning andConservation by
Design LimitedSulphur present polishing.abrasion 1Archival Aidsnot
analysed polishing 32Gomme crpe (2009)natural filtered latex
isoprene rubber few particles (< 0-10 per cm ) Rigid; unflexable
materialUneven moderate cleaning.too hard to be used on
paintsurfaces.abrasion 8Stouls not analysed polishing 82Magic rub
(2006)no information poly vinyl chloride (PVC) several particles
(10-50 per cm )Rubbery texture; self consuming Uneven excellent
cleaning. di-isooctyl isophthalate (DIOIP) material.
methyl-ethylhexyl phthalate
(MEHP)Sanforddiethyleneglycol-dibenzoateabrasion 5 chalk
plasticizers polishing 42Edding R10 (2006) plastic eraser poly
vinyl chloride (PVC) several particles (10-50 per cm )Rigid;
difficult to handle; Uneven excellent cleaning. di-isooctyl
phthalate (DIOP) too hard to be used on paintsurfaces.Edding
plasticizer to be expected abrasion 5local stationernot analysed
polishing 52Pentel ZF11 (2009)no information poly vinyl chloride
(PVC) few particles (0-10 per cm ) Relatively hard material;
moreUneven excellent cleaning. phthalates (DIOP) (DMP) (MEHP)
flexible than the magic rub. butoxytriglycol, dioctylazelate
(DOZ)Pentel chalk plasticizers to be expectedabrasion 5Stouls
SEM/EDS analysis not performednot analysed polishing 4Groom/stick
(2004)natural rubber isoprene rubber product film Very sticky,
mouldable; Uneven moderate cleaning;molecular trap chalkpicks up
dirt.film of groom/stick (microscopy).Rolled around wooden
stickPicreator Enterprises Ltd.for convenient use. abrasion
1Conservation Resources no compounds detectedpolishing 1Absorene
(2009) no information white spiritproduct film Quite sticky,
mouldable Uneven moderate cleaning;mouldable materialsPaper and
book cleaner starch Use fresh only. film of absorene
(microscopy).To be rolled with handsAbsorene Company Incor pressed
down on the surfaceabrasion 1Absorene Company Inc SEM/EDS analysis
not performednot analysed for convenient use. polishing 12Kneedgum
(2009) no information styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)several
particles (10-50 per cm )Quite sticky, less flexable thanUneven
average cleaning.Pelikan GE 20isoprene rubberQuantore, even after
warming chalkby hands.Pelikan abrasion 1local stationerSEM/EDS
analysis not peformed not analysed polishing 42Kneedgum (2009) no
information polybutadiene several particles (10-50 per cm )Less
sticky than Pelikan, moreUneven excellent cleaning;Quantore Art.No.
964575chalkflexable than Pelikan.film of kneedgum
(microscopy).Quantoreabrasion 3local stationerSEM/EDS analysis not
performednot analysed polishing 1
2. composition according to composition residues on paint
surface properties and cleaning results cleaning product (year of
purchase) supplier / manufactureranalysed by:material (microscopy)
handling remarks(py)-GCMSpotential hazards0 10 manufacturer FTIR
intact paint layerabrasion0 10 supplier SEM/EDS organic compounds
(GCMS) intact paint layerpolishing2 Make up sponge (2008) no
information poly urethane ether (tdi) few particles (0-10 per cm
)Very soft and flexible texture,Even excellent cleaning. QVS
triangle chemically stable material; organic becomes less compact
aftercompounds not to be expectedrinsing with water. abrasion 0
QVSSEM/EDS analysis not performednot analysed polishing 12 Make up
sponge (2008) no information styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)few
particles (0-10 per cm )Very soft and flexible texture,Even
excellent cleaning. QVS rectangleButylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT)
slightly more compact than thediethyldithiocarbamateother make-up
sponges tested.mercaptobenzothiazoleabrasion 0 QVSSEM/EDS analysis
not performednot analysed polishing 1 Make up (2006)no information
styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)not testednot tested not tested
przisionsschwammchenisoprene rubber Ebelin triangleButylated
Hydroxy Toluene (BHT)diethyldithiocarbamate local drug store
SEM/EDS analysis not performednot analysed Make up sponge (2009) no
information styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)few particles (0-10 per
cm2)Very soft and flexible texture,Even excellent cleaning. HEMA
triangleButylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) comparable with the
majority ofdiethyldithiocarbamatethe make-up sponges
tested.mercaptobenzothiazoleabrasion 0 HEMA SEM/EDS analysis not
performedBHTpolishing 1 Make up sponge (2010) no information
styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)not testednot tested not tested HEMA
rectangle Butylated Hydroxy Toluene
(BHT)diethyldithiocarbamatemercaptobenzothiazole HEMA SEM/EDS
analysis not performedBHT2 Make up sponge (2009) no information
isoprene rubber few particles (0-10 per cm )Extremely soft and
flexible texture; Even excellent cleaning.products to be used dry
or moist etos triangleButylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) perfect
contact with paint
surface.diethyldithiocarbamatemercaptobenzothiazoleabrasion 0 etos
SEM/EDS analysis not performedminor amount of BHTpolishing 1 Make
up sponge (2009) no information styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)not
testednot tested not tested etos rectangle isoprene rubberButylated
Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) etos SEM/EDS analysis not performedminor
amount of BHT Make up sponge (2010) no information poly urethane
ether (tdi) not testednot tested not tested Q20120
polyethyleneglycol (PEG)long chain alcoholsbenzoflex 2-45
Arkivproducter, Norway SEM/EDS analysis not performedlong chain
alcohols, benzoflex Make up sponge (2010) no information poly
urethane ester (mdi, sebacic acid) not testednot tested not tested
make up for ever tinuvin 292 HD -sponge tributyl phosphate
(TBP)SEM/EDS analysis not performedtinuvin, TBP micro fibre cloth
(2006)polyester (80%), polyamide (20%) polyethylene therephthalate
(PET) few particles (0-10 per cm2)Woven cloth, produces
threadsUneven average cleaning. HandyClean, yellow (polyester) -
Nylon 6 (polyamide) chemically stable material;organicwhen
cut.compounds not to be expected abrasion 0 BLOKKER Advise: use
with some waternot analysed polishing 32 micro fibre cloth
(2006)polyester (80%), polyamide (20%) polyethylene therephthalate
(PET) few particles (0-10 per cm )Woven cloth, produces
threadsUneven average cleaning. HandyClean, blue (polyester) -
Nylon 6 (polyamide) chemically stable material;organicwhen
cut.compounds not to be expected abrasion 0 BLOKKER Advise: use
with some waternot analysed polishing 4 microfiber cloth (2008) no
information polyethylene therephthalate (PET) not testedNon-woven
material.not tested Vileda, blue (polyester) - Nylon 6 (polyamide)
chemically stable material;organicnot testedcompounds not to be
expected BLOKKERnot analysed Balbo powerpad (2006) melamine
fibresmelamine formaldehyde resin many particles (> 50 per
cm2),Flexible open texture. Uneven average
cleaning.(foamed)difficult to removechemically stable
material;chemical Tested dry.products to be used moist
Balbocompounds not to be expected abrasion 6 BLOKKER Advise: use
with some waternot analysed polishing 0 absorbing sponge (2006) no
information polyvinylalcohol (PVAL) based polymer few particles
(0-10 per cm2)Smooth even texture. Even excellent cleaning.
Handyclean containing starch chemically stable
material;chemicalcompounds not to be expectedSponge is used
moisturized.waterabrasion 0 BLOKKERnot analysed polishing 02
Blitzfix (2006) no information polyvinylalcohol (PVAL) based
polymer few particles (0-10 per cm )Smooth even texture. Even
excellent cleaning.containing starch chemically stable
material;chemicalcompounds not to be expectedSponge is used
moisturized.waterabrasion 0 Deffner&Johann not analysed
polishing 0