Post on 11-Jan-2016
Dr. SheppardCHEM 4201Fall 2014
What popular condiment of today was sold as medicine to treat indigestion, diarrhea, and liver disease in the United States in the 1830’s?
Can lima beans hurt you?
Whole milk Lipids
Cream products Skim milk Homogenized milk
Carbohydrates Proteins
Caseins Curds and whey Cheese Cultured milk
products
OH
O
O
OHHO
HO
O
HO
OH
OH
OH
lactose
H2O
O
HO OH
HO OH
HO
galactose
O
HO OH
HO OH
HO
glucose
+
lactobacilli
OH
O
OH
lactic acid
OH
OHHO
caffeol
O
N
N
NN
O
caffeine
N
NN
O
HN
O
theobromine
NH
NN
O
N
O
theophylline
N
NN
O
HN
O
xanthine
Terpenes and Esters
O
O
isopentyl acetate (banana)
O
O
isobutyl propanoate (rum)
NH2
O
O
methyl anthranilate (grape)
O
O
benzyl acetate (peach)
O
O
methyl butyrate (apple)
O
O
ethyl butyrate (pineapple)
O
O
octyl acetate (orange)
O
O
isopentenyl acetate ("juicy fruit")
O
O
propyl acetate (pear)
O
O
ethyl phenylacetate (honey)
Artificial Pineapple FlavorAllyl caproate 5% Oil of sweet birch 1%
Isopentyl acetate 3% Oil of spruce 2%
Isopentyl isovalerate
3% Balsam Peru 4%
Ethyl acetate 15% Volatile mustard oil 1%
Ethyl butyrate 22% Oil cognac 5%
Terpinyl propionate
3% Concentrated orange oil
4%
Ethyl crotonate 5% Distilled oil of lime 2%
Caproic acid 8%
Butyric acid 12%
Acetic acid 5%
The Maillard reaction
Butter substitutes:
OH
O
acetoin
O
O
biacetyl
Tart flavor Phosphoric acid Lactic acid Citric acid Tartaric acid Fumaric acid
OH
O
OH
lactic acid
OH
OH O
OH
O
HO
tartaric acid
O
HO
O
OH
fumaric acid
OH
O
OH
O OH
O
HO
citric acid
1. Camphoraceous2. Musky3. Floral4. Pungent5. Pepperminty6. Ethereal7. Putrid
O
carvone
limonene
OO
5-decalactone
Enriched foodsThickeners, emulsifiersPreservatives
UV light absorbers Color stabilizers Antioxidants Anitmicrobials
O
benzophenone
Na+
O
O-
sodium benzoate
natamycin
Coloring Why add color to
food? Natural colors Synthetic dyes
Natural Colors
Red Alkanet rootBeetsCochineal insects (carminic acid)Sandalwood
Orange Brazilwood (brazilin)
Brown Caramel
Yellow Annatto seed (bixin)Carrots (-carotene)Crocus stigmas (saffron)Turmeric (rhizome)
Green Chlorophyll
Blue Purple grape skins (oenin)
N
N CH3
NH2
H3C
HN
CH3
mauveine