Dr. Jon E. Taylor University of Central Missouri

ENDURING LEGACIES OF 1945

June 26, 1945 Truman speaks at the closing session of the UN Conference--San FranciscoJuly 2, 1945 Address before the Senate urging ratification July 2, 1945July 28, 1945 Senate approves U.N. charter and it becomes effective on October 24, 1945

I. CREATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

TRUMAN SPEAKING AT UN

A. June 1950--Truman appealed to the UN in the Korean conflict and the UN agreed to intervene.

LEGACY

B. Human rights and civil rights1. February 1946--United Nations

Commission on Human Rights created

2. Racial violence breaks out3. National Negro Congress submits

petition to UN June 1946

LEGACY

4. Formation of National Emergency Committee Against Mob Violence August 19465. Dec 5, 1946 HST issues EO 9808 that

establishes the President’s Committee on Civil Rights (PCCR)

6. NAACP submits An Appeal to the World to UN October 23, 1947

7. PCCR submits To Secure These Rights to President Truman.

LEGACY

8. February 2, 1948 HST delivers special message to U.S. Congress on Civil RightsC. Integration of the Military1. A. Philip Randolph organizes the

League for Non-violent Civil Disobedience Against Military Segregation June 1948

2. July 26, 1948 HST issues EO 9981 that requires military to desegregate

LEGACY

3. May 22, 1950 Fahy Committee releases Freedom to Serve

LEGACY

II. CONCLUDING W. W. IIPOTSDAM CONFERENCE JULY 17TH TO

AUGUST 2 1945

August 6, 1945 HiroshimaAugust 9, 1945 NagasakiAugust 9, 1945 HST’s Radio report to the American people.September 1, 1945 Japanese surrender

BOMBS DROPPED ON HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI

Japanese surrender aboard the USS Missouri.

JAPANESE SURRENDER

A. Allied occupation of Japan 1945-1952

B. Control of Atomic weaponsAtomic Energy Act of 1946—Atomic Energy Commission—civilian control of weapons

II. LEGACY

The foreign policy of the United States is based firmly on fundamental principles of righteousness and justice. In carrying out those principles we shall firmly adhere to what we believe to be right; and we shall not give our approval to any compromise with evil.

Harry S. Truman October 27, 1945

III. ROLE OF US IN THE WORLD

1. Soviet occupation of Eastern Europe and the Mideast—Iran 1945

2. February 1946 George Kennan—Long Telegram

3. March 5, 1946 Churchill’s Iron Curtain speech—Fulton, MO

A. STOPPING COMMUNISM AROUND THE GLOBE

1. March 12, 1947 Truman Doctrine

2. June 1947 Marshall Plan

B. THE CONTAINMENT POLICY

B. CONTAINMENT POLICY

3. Point Four program4. Collective security North Atlantic Treaty Organization

B. CONTAINMENT POLICY

B. CONTAINMENT POLICY

5. Creation of the National Security StateNational Security Act of July 1947Creation of National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency

B. CONTAINMENT POLICY

FAREWELL ADDRESS

Nuremberg Germany Tokyo Fire Bombings

WAR DESTRUCTION