Transcript of Dr. A. Ramachandran, IFS, Proposed policy reforms to remove the barriers to CDM A/R Projects – 14...
- Slide 1
- Dr. A. Ramachandran, IFS, Proposed policy reforms to remove the
barriers to CDM A/R Projects 14 th & 15 th Sep. 2006 Dr. A.
Ramachandran, IFS., Forest Utilization Officer, Tamil Nadu Forest
Department, Chennai - 600 006 Carbon Management A prime agenda of
21 st century in Indian Forestry
- Slide 2
- Dr. A. Ramachandran, IFS, Proposed policy reforms to remove the
barriers to CDM A/R Projects 14 th & 15 th Sep. 2006 Carbon
occupies a central position, whether it is a simple sugar, starch,
amino acid, protein, lipids and complex alkaloids DNA
- Slide 3
- Dr. A. Ramachandran, IFS, Proposed policy reforms to remove the
barriers to CDM A/R Projects 14 th & 15 th Sep. 2006
Significance of Carbon in Plants Greek philosopher Aristotle period
Plants being fed by soil Joseph Priestly (1772) Plants take CO 2
and release O 2 Melvin Calvin (1954) - Calvin cycle or C3 cycle
Hatch and Slack (1964) Hatch -Slack cycle or the C4 cycle Late 20th
Century C sequestration by plants - well established Kyoto Protocol
(1997) C sequestration Low cost emission reduction tool
- Slide 4
- Dr. A. Ramachandran, IFS, Proposed policy reforms to remove the
barriers to CDM A/R Projects 14 th & 15 th Sep. 2006 Carbon
sequestration
- Slide 5
- Dr. A. Ramachandran, IFS, Proposed policy reforms to remove the
barriers to CDM A/R Projects 14 th & 15 th Sep. 2006 Kyoto
Protocol (KP) 1997 at Kyoto Japan KP proposes legally binding
commitments for emission reduction to the developed countries to
levels relative to their 1990 level. 1.Joint in implementation
2.Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) 3. Emission trading (carbon
trading) 1.Joint in implementation 2.Clean Development Mechanism
(CDM) 3. Emission trading (carbon trading) KP identifies three
possible mechanisms
- Slide 6
- Dr. A. Ramachandran, IFS, Proposed policy reforms to remove the
barriers to CDM A/R Projects 14 th & 15 th Sep. 2006 Clean
Development Mechanism (CDM) Facilitate carbon sequestration and
storage investments in Afforestation Reforestation Afforestation
Reforestation The concept is that it does not matter where the
emission reduction occur in the world for the global benefit Low
cost emission reduction tool
- Slide 7
- Dr. A. Ramachandran, IFS, Proposed policy reforms to remove the
barriers to CDM A/R Projects 14 th & 15 th Sep. 2006 11 10 00
11 30 00 N 78 15 00 78 30 00 E A Pilot study
- Slide 8
- Dr. A. Ramachandran, IFS, Proposed policy reforms to remove the
barriers to CDM A/R Projects 14 th & 15 th Sep. 2006 Sl. No.
Forest cover types Area in hectares 1 Very dense Semi- Evergreen
1984.23 2Dense Semi- Evergreen978.42 3Open Semi- Evergreen851.74 4
Degraded Semi- Evergreen 147.84 5Very dense Deciduous1772.34 6Dense
Deciduous4471.51 7Open Deciduous6440.89 8Secondary Deciduous2960.28
9Southern thorn6676.15 10Euphorbia scrub304.4 11Barren rocky515.8
Total 27103.6 Area occupied by different forest cover types in
Kolli hill - 2005
- Slide 9
- Dr. A. Ramachandran, IFS, Proposed policy reforms to remove the
barriers to CDM A/R Projects 14 th & 15 th Sep. 2006 BIOMASS
CARBON
- Slide 10
- Dr. A. Ramachandran, IFS, Proposed policy reforms to remove the
barriers to CDM A/R Projects 14 th & 15 th Sep. 2006 20 x 20 m
Trees and lianas 5 x 5 m Shrubs 1 x 1 m Herbs 20 m 5 m 1 m 1m1m 5 m
Dimension of Nested quadrate No. of quadrates studied
Semi-evergreen 50 Dry deciduous 25 Secondary Dry deciduous 25
Southern thorn 25 Euphorbia scrub 12 Total No. of Quadrates -
137
- Slide 11
- Dr. A. Ramachandran, IFS, Proposed policy reforms to remove the
barriers to CDM A/R Projects 14 th & 15 th Sep. 2006 BIOMASS
CARBON ESTIMATION - METHODS 1.Smalians Formula is used to estimate
merchantable timber volume 2.Applied a regression equation that
directly converts physical measurement (GBH and Height) to total
tree timber biomass 3.Biomass expansion factor (BEF) is applied to
calculate the Foliar, Root and Stump biomass 4.Wood density for
individual species calculated 5.Conversion factor of 49.1% is
applied for calculating carbon content
- Slide 12
- Dr. A. Ramachandran, IFS, Proposed policy reforms to remove the
barriers to CDM A/R Projects 14 th & 15 th Sep. 2006 Forest
types Volume (m 3 /ha) Timber Bioma ss (Tons/ ha) Branch and
Foliage (Tons/h a) Stumps and Root (Tons/ha ) Biomas s (Tons/h a)
Area of each forest (ha) Total Biomas s (M Tons) TOC A/G (Tg) Semi-
Evergreen forest 428.229 196.98 8
47.27763.036307.3023962.231.220.60 Deciduous forest 316.060 161.31
6 38.71651.621251.653 12684.7 4 3.191.57 Sec. deciduous 216.673
154.98 3 37.19649.595241.7732960.280.720.35 Southern thorn
73.02542.28210.14813.53065.9606676.150.440.22 Euphorbia scrub
52.7236.8598.84611.79557.500304.400.020.01 1086.70 7 592.42 8
142.183189.577924.188 26587.8 0 5.582.74 Growing stock, biomass and
biomass carbon in Kolli hill
- Slide 13
- Dr. A. Ramachandran, IFS, Proposed policy reforms to remove the
barriers to CDM A/R Projects 14 th & 15 th Sep. 2006 SOIL
ORGANIC CARBON SOC
- Slide 14
- Dr. A. Ramachandran, IFS, Proposed policy reforms to remove the
barriers to CDM A/R Projects 14 th & 15 th Sep. 2006 SOC Soil
aggregationWater holding capacity Liberates minerals Increases
auxin content SOIL ORGANIC CARBON (SOC) Fulvic Fumic Provides
Microbial inoculums to sub-soil Root prolifereatio n
- Slide 15
- Dr. A. Ramachandran, IFS, Proposed policy reforms to remove the
barriers to CDM A/R Projects 14 th & 15 th Sep. 2006 1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 20 29 30 28 2719 18 17 16 15 14 1322 2131 3239 38 4350
5155 56 44 5257 62 63 64 65 66 6773 74 72 71 70 69 26 25 24 23 33
34 35 46 47 48 494136 42 11 12 37 4045 53 54 58 59 60 6168 ORGANIC
CARBON SAMPLE GRID KOLLI HILL Total No of pits-145 EG-42, Dec-29,
S.dec-19, ST-44, SE-11
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- Dr. A. Ramachandran, IFS, Proposed policy reforms to remove the
barriers to CDM A/R Projects 14 th & 15 th Sep. 2006 ORGANIC
CARBON ESTIMATION (Walky & Black) method
- Slide 17
- Dr. A. Ramachandran, IFS, Proposed policy reforms to remove the
barriers to CDM A/R Projects 14 th & 15 th Sep. 2006 Soil
organic carbon content (%) of different forest types of Kolli hill
Forest typesArea (ha) Soil Organic Carbon content (%) Confidence
Interval (%) ( =0.05) Surface (0 to 30 cm) Middle (30 to 60 cm)
Bottom (60 to 90 cm) Surface (0 to 30 cm) Middle (30 to 60 cm)
Bottom (60 to 90 cm) FromToFromToFromTo Very Dense Semi - Evergreen
1984.23 3.70 (2.73) 2.21 (1.64) 1.82 (1.68)
1.925.481.143.280.732.92 Dense Semi - Evergreen978.42 3.43 (2.91)
1.62 (1.49) 1.39 (1.45) 1.285.590.512.720.322.46 Medium Semi -
Evergreen851.74 1.83 (0.76) 1.13 (0.36) 0.76 (0.45)
1.302.350.881.380.441.07 Degraded Semi - Evergreen 147.84 2.40
(1.04) 1.10 (0.50) 0.91 (0.33) 1.493.310.661.530.621.20 Total
Evergreen3962.23 2.90 (2.21) 1.58 (1.24) 1.27 (1.23)
2.093.701.132.030.821.72 Very Dense Deciduous1772.34 1.72 (0.52)
1.31 (0.48) 0.98 (0.50) 1.402.041.021.610.671.29 Dense
Deciduous4471.51 1.45 (0.73) 0.89 (0.41) 0.66 (0.32)
1.141.770.711.060.530.80 Medium Deciduous6440.89 1.14 (0.85) 0.66
(0.57) 0.42 (0.48) 0.641.650.331.000.130.70 Total Deciduous12684.74
1.44 (0.74) 0.93 (0.52) 0.67 (0.45) 1.211.660.771.090.540.81
Secondary Deciduous2960.28 0.92 (0.49) 0.60 (0.36) 0.39 (0.29)
0.711.140.440.760.260.52 Southern Thorn6676.15 0.78 (0.54) 0.55
(0.43) 0.44 (0.34) 0.620.940.420.670.340.54 Euphorbia Scrub304.40
0.68 (0.67) 0.40 (0.38) 0.37 (0.24) 0.281.070.170.620.230.51 Total
Kolli Hills26587.80 1.40 (1.38) 0.86 (0.78) 0.66 (0.71)
1.21.630.730.990.550.78 Value within the parenthesis is standard
deviation of respective layers
- Slide 18
- Dr. A. Ramachandran, IFS, Proposed policy reforms to remove the
barriers to CDM A/R Projects 14 th & 15 th Sep. 2006 Percentage
of organic carbon distribution in surface layer of Kolli hill <
0.25 0.25 0.5 0. 5 0.75 0. 75 0.1 1. 0 1.5 1. 5 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.5 3.0
3.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 < 5.0 Barren rocky Tank Non-forest Hamlets River
Road LEGEND
- Slide 19
- Dr. A. Ramachandran, IFS, Proposed policy reforms to remove the
barriers to CDM A/R Projects 14 th & 15 th Sep. 2006 Soil
organic carbon distribution in Kolli hill Minimum threshold Surface
carbon content = 1.2% Degradation Surface to middle carbon ratio =
1.66 Gap between SOC and potential SOC = 0.16 Tg
- Slide 20
- Dr. A. Ramachandran, IFS, Proposed policy reforms to remove the
barriers to CDM A/R Projects 14 th & 15 th Sep. 2006 Area below
minimum threshold (SOC) Area less than minimum threshold = 9285.08
ha
- Slide 21
- Dr. A. Ramachandran, IFS, Proposed policy reforms to remove the
barriers to CDM A/R Projects 14 th & 15 th Sep. 2006 Fertility
status of different forest types in Kolli hill Fertility status of
different forest types in Kolli hill Forest types Soil Carbon
(t/ha) Available N (t/ha) Available P (t/ha) Available K (t/ha)
Semi- Evergreen 184.001.010.050.33 Deciduous 114.490.420.060.64
Secondary deciduous 84.370.340.040.87 Southern thorn
76.850.390.030.38 Euphorbia scrub 63.190.420.030.17
- Slide 22
- Dr. A. Ramachandran, IFS, Proposed policy reforms to remove the
barriers to CDM A/R Projects 14 th & 15 th Sep. 2006 Estimates
of biomass and soil carbon in different forest types in Kolli hill
Estimates of biomass and soil carbon in different forest types in
Kolli hill Forest types Area (ha) TOC A/G (Tg) SOC stock (Tg) Semi-
Evergreen 3962.23 0.601.01 Deciduous12684.74 1.571.63 Secondary
deciduous 2960.28 0.35 Southern thorn 6676.15 0.220.47 Euphorbia
scrub 304.40 0.010.03 Total26587.802.743.48
- Slide 23
- Dr. A. Ramachandran, IFS, Proposed policy reforms to remove the
barriers to CDM A/R Projects 14 th & 15 th Sep. 2006 Present
status of Carbon stock The total biomass carbon is 2.74 Tg and
total SOC is 3.48 Tg. The ratio between biomass carbon and SOC is 1
: 1.3 The normal tropical forests have the ratio of 1: 2.5 to 3
times more SOC The lesser ratio in SOC stock indicates heavy
degradation of forest and soil due to anthropogenic interferences
such as Past management practices Heavy grazing Man made fire The
lesser ratio in SOC stock indicates heavy degradation of forest and
soil due to anthropogenic interferences such as Past management
practices Heavy grazing Man made fire
- Slide 24
- Dr. A. Ramachandran, IFS, Proposed policy reforms to remove the
barriers to CDM A/R Projects 14 th & 15 th Sep. 2006 Remedial
measures To enhance SOC status Import fertile soil Addition of
organic manure to 1/4 th of the pit size Addition of biofertilizers
to enhance N Planting N fixer tree species sequester 0.05 0.12 kg/m
2- y C than non-nitrogen fixers Planting C 4 plant species
Indigenous deciduous species are preferable
- Slide 25
- Dr. A. Ramachandran, IFS, Proposed policy reforms to remove the
barriers to CDM A/R Projects 14 th & 15 th Sep. 2006 Conclusion
Carbon inventories and data bank at National level Temporal carbon
stock to enhance biodiversity and soil health An exclusive National
Carbon Directorate (NCD) to monitor Urgent Need of a.Carbon
sequestration potential in forest and agriculture b. Controlling
carbon investments and credits, etc. a.Carbon sequestration
potential in forest and agriculture b. Controlling carbon
investments and credits, etc.
- Slide 26
- Dr. A. Ramachandran, IFS, Proposed policy reforms to remove the
barriers to CDM A/R Projects 14 th & 15 th Sep. 2006