Does Agile Enterprise Architecture = Agile + Enterprise Architecture?

Does Agile EA = Agile + EA?

Jason Bloomberg

President

jason@intellyx.com

@theebizwizard

About Jason Bloomberg

• President of Intellyx

• Advise companies on their digital transformation initiatives & help vendors communicate their agility stories

• Write for Forbes, Wired, & DevX on Digital Transformation

• Buy my latest book, The Agile Architecture Revolution

The Agile Manifesto

Manifesto for Agile Software Development

We are uncovering better ways of developingsoftware by doing it and helping others do it.Through this work we have come to value:

– Individuals and interactions over processes and tools

– Working software over comprehensive documentation

– Customer collaboration over contract negotiation

– Responding to change over following a plan

That is, while there is value in the items onthe right, we value the items on the left more.

anifesto

Context: Software Development

• Focus on small teams that crank out code

• Iterative, self-organizing, collaborative

• Focus on creating working software

Well-run Agile development means producing a lot of good software

quickly

Phil W

hitehouse h

ttps:/

lickr.

/photo

hilliecasabla

473728872/s

izes/l

What about Architecture on Agile Projects?

• We don’t need no stinkin’ architecture!

• Architecture lumped in with documentation (less is more)

• Architects slow down developers

• Architects produce artifacts that aren’t Agile

– Lead to extra work

lickr.

/photo

470226807/s

izes/l

Widespread belief that Agile and Architecture don’t mix

But we Do Need Architecture!

• Software architecture

– Appropriate modularization of code

– Selection of appropriate components & libraries

– Integration strategy

• Systems architecture

– Scalability of distributed application

– Cloud deployment issues

– Availability, caching, etc.

Create Minimum Viable Architecture

• All documentation, artifacts, diagrams, etc. are means to an end

• Don’t architect more than the stakeholders want

• Problems:

– Shortsighted

– Leads to legacy issues

ttps:/

lickr.

/photo

/6628934195/s

izes/l

Defer Commitment on Design Decisions

• Traditional architecture completed before development

• On Agile projects, tentative architecture good enough

• Commit to design decisions in appropriate iteration/sprint

Wade R

ockett

lickr.

/photo

/2947370316/s

izes/o

The Overbuilding Paradox

• How do stakeholders know what flexibility they will require?

• How generalized should code be?

• When to build capabilitiesvs. when to build affordances?

ttps:/

lickr.

/photo

9898378/s

izes/l

Capabilities vs. Affordances

• Capability

– Ability to perform or achieve certain outcomes through features or functions

– Apps have capabilities

• Affordance

– A property of an object which allows an individual to perform an action

– Tools have affordances

– Depends upon how user wants to use tool

tage h

ttps:/

lickr.

/photo

raphern

alia_vin

tage/3

034341310/s

izes/o

Why Agile Software Architecture isn’t Agile

• Agile movement focuses on working software

– Focus on getting the software to meet its requirements

– Get all roadblocks out of the way

• Agile-built software is coded to be fit for purpose

B4bees h

ttps:/

lickr.

/photo

rizo_th

e_scot/

4013939756/s

izes/l

Instant Legacy

• Difficult to upgrade

• Systems are inflexible

• Impossible to replace

• Difficult to customize

• Challenge to integrate

• Expensive over time

ttps:/

lickr.

/photo

hoon/2

288339151/s

izes/l

The Goal of Agile Software

• Requirement to build software that responds to changing requirements

• Inherent flexibility vs. rapid development & deployment

Robert

Couse-B

lickr.

/photo

9233640@

4859431605/s

izes/z

Scaling Agile for the Enterprise

• Enterprise Architecture context

– Organization, process, technology, and information

• Legacy context

– Existing applications, middleware, systems of record

• Business focused, iterative, get stuff to work, iconoclastic

ublic L

ttps:/

lickr.

/photo

n_public_libra

962106164/s

izes/l

Different Meanings of “Agile”

• “Agile-with-a-capital-A”

– Software development that follows the Agile Manifesto

• General meaning of “agile”

• Business agility as property of an organization

lickr.

/photo

0653135183/s

izes/l

Business Agility

• Responsiveness

– Tactical value

• Resilience

– Risk mitigation

• Innovativeness

– Strategic value

Masonite B

lickr.

/photo

asonite-b

/6273626739/s

izes/l

Ability to respond to change in the business environment and leverage change for competitive advantage

Responsiveness

• The ability to respond quickly and efficiently to (potentially) positive change in the business environment

– Changing customer demand

– Changing marketplace environment

– Changing supply chain factors

• Tactical driver

Good E

lickr.

/photo

anyg/1

796000993/s

izes/l

Resilience

• The ability to respond quickly and efficiently to negative change in the business environment

– Managing risk

– Bouncing back from adverse events

– Disaster recovery

– Security breach response

– Regulatory change response

ttps:/

lickr.

/photo

itshaker/

167480266/s

izes/o

Innovativeness

• The ability to introduce change into the business environment in order to achieve a strategicadvantage

– New products or services

– Expand market share

– Enter new markets

ttps:/

lickr.

/photo

/3883340152/s

izes/o

Where’s Our Business Agility?

• Organizations must be responsive, resilient, and innovative

• Business agility is a property of the enterprise

• People and technology can be flexible as well, but we must architect our organizations to be agile

ttps:/

lickr.

/photo

793507962/s

izes/l

Introducing Complex Adaptive Systems

• Systems of systems that exhibit emergent properties

– Properties of system as a whole

• Component systems can be human, technology, etc.

• Self-organizing

lickr.

/photo

3800911@

557789021/s

izes/l

Enterprise as Complex Adaptive System

• Business agility is property of organization as a whole, hence an emergent property of the organization

• Enterprise is system of systems that exhibits emergent properties

• System of people and technology

agu2000_de h

ttps:/

lickr.

/photo

8123550@

66930597/s

izes/o

Engineering a Complex System

• Architecture focuses on the overall design of a system

– How all components of the system must work together to achieve business goals

• Engineering focuses on the best way to build and run a system

– Lifecycle best practices (quality assurance, deployment, updates, etc.)

– Compliance with architecture

Agile principle: respond to change over following a plan

lickr.

/photo

rentinoz/4

221291984/s

izes/o

At the Heart of Agile Architecture

• Think of the enterprise as a system of systems

• Component systems are people and technology systems

• We must architect the organization so entire enterprise exhibits business agility

• We can only engineerbusiness agility via its component systems

• Change is constant & how changes to component systems affect the enterprise is unpredictable

kodohert

lickr.

/photo

151191333/s

izes/l

Complex vs. Traditional Systems

• Avoid emergent properties in traditional systems

• Traditional system: given requirements, build to requirements

• Complex system: establish initial conditions and rules for behavior of component systems, and emergence takes care of itself

• Feedback loops are common

olinihtt

lickr.

/photo

ivenatu

064660509/s

izes/l

The Secret to Emergence

• Rules that affect behavior of component systems can be very simple

• Emergent behaviors often unpredictable

• Try something, see what happens, repeat

• Feedback loops & iterative approaches

Juan L

lickr.

/photo

/4632384645/s

izes/l

Sound Agile to You?

Attractors for Complex Systems

• Stable

– Emergent behaviors die out or never occur

– Not applicable to enterprise

• Cyclical

– System bounces between two or more well-defined states

– Also not applicable

• Chaotic

– Unpredictable, few discernable patterns

– “Normal” state for enterprise

• Agile

Anders

Sandberg

lickr.

/photo

73180669/s

izes/o

Architecting Complex Systems

• Coherence of system

– If emerging behavior strays from desired outcome, have pre-established means for bringing organization back in line

• Feedback loops

– Gather & analyze data on emergent behavior to correlate with initial constraints and determine next course of action

• Mimics natural selection

– Favor desired behavior and discourage undesirable behavior, and system will adapt to changed environment

Agility vs. Flexibility

• Flexibility is the ability of a component system to deal with change within a specified set of parameters

– People can be flexible vs. rigid in their decision making

– Software can be flexible if it is configurable to behave differently given different requirements

lickr.

/photo

/43948299/s

izes/o

Does Flexibility Lead to Agility?

• If your people and your software are flexible, does that make your organization agile?

– Necessary, perhaps, but definitely not sufficient

• Being able to change inflexible software quickly doesn’t necessary make it flexible

lickr.

/photo

uglis/4

193261266/s

izes/l

Architecting Enterprise as Complex System

• Architect people as well as technology

– Very different sets of activities

• Emergent behaviors often unpredictable

– Continual adjustment necessary

– Automation critical for ensuring agility

• Small changes to component system behavior may lead to significant emergent behaviors

– Butterfly effect

Too slow and you’re not agile!

lickr.

/photo

agaon/4

394582833/s

izes/l

Architecting People?

• Governance: creating, communicating, and enforcing policies

– Apply to both human & technology behavior

– Policy-related processes

• Automated & lightweight

• Focus on important policies

– Security

– Regulatory compliance

– Software interface standards

Not a traditional approach to governance!

Dave C

lickr.

/photo

yakyak/5

913250849/s

izes/l

Governance as Agility Enabler

• Simple rules & policies lead to complex emergent behavior

– Which ones lead to agility?

• Levels of governance

– Low-level rules & policies

– Departmental

– Organizational

• Governance has negative connotation

– Reputation for limiting productivity

– Governance, Risk, & Compliance tools integrated in traditional manner

inski htt

lickr.

/photo

inski/

9430887561/s

izes/l

Bimodal IT: The Wrong Way

• Digital Team

– Self-organizing

– Fast-moving

– May follow Agile at least in spirit

– Little governance

• Traditional IT

– Hierarchical

– Slow-moving

– Waterfall-centric

– Formal, bureaucratic governance

Keith W

illiam

ttps:/

lickr.

/photo

lwillo

Ungoverned Shadow IT is Result

Rethinking Bimodal IT

• Business-driven transformation of traditional IT

– Iterative

– Opportunistic legacy modernization

– Cross-cutting reorganization to DevOps culture

– Increased collaboration with digital teams

– Move toward continuous development & integration

agill htt

lickr.

/photo

magill/

Increased automation of governance

Shifting Role of Governance

• Old Way

– Paperwork-heavy

– Morale-killing policies & procedures

– Bureaucratic & slow

– “Scar tissue” that impedes innovation

• New Way

– Highly automated

– Focus on “edge cases” where governance is essential

– Depends on dynamic constraint satisfaction

Pascal htt

lickr.

/photo

asukaru

Governance & Agility?

• Do we get business agility?

• Agility doesn’t mean chaos

– If everybody in an organization did whatever they wanted to without any rules or policies

– Rules & policies inconsistently communicated or applied

• Secret to business agility is to empower people to innovate within constraints of organizational policy

Pascal htt

lickr.

/photo

asukaru

Introducing Bloomberg Agile Architecture

• Bloomberg Agile Architecture™ reinvents Enterprise Architecture (EA) to drive business agility across the organization

• New architecture paradigm

• EA technique focused on architecting agility

Extending the Agile Manifesto

• Individuals and interactions over processes and tools

– As a system of people & technology, the enterprise is more about people

• Working software over comprehensive documentation

– Technology must actually work to enable agility

• Customer collaboration over contract negotiation

– Slice across the silos

• Responding to change over following a plan

– Architect for change

lickr.

/photo

384578534/s

izes/l

Bloomberg Agile ArchitectureMind Map

Goal of Agile Architecture

• BAA is a technology-driven technique

– Specific approaches for leveraging modern technologies like Cloud Computing & Big Data Analytics to achieve business agility goals of the organization

• Goal of architecture

– Connect the dots between the enterprise agility drivers & necessary technology changes to achieve goals of business

Whitney W

lickr.

/photo

hitneyw

aller/

4269947837/s

izes/l

Agile EA & Architecture Frameworks

• Architecture frameworks (TOGAF, Zachman, DoDAF, etc.) do not adequately address business agility

– Difficult to use properly

– Can help achieve baseline or specific business outcomes

• Take subtractive approach

– You need to figure out which bits to use

• BAA Technique is additive

phanie

ttps:/

lickr.

/photo

lovert

303570930/s

izes/l

BAA as Agile Technique

• BAA is itself an Agile technique

– Favors an iterative, problem-focused approach that seeks to achieve real progress in a practical, step-by-step manner

– Even the most intractable of legacy rats’ nests can benefit from the BAA Technique

• If your plan is to follow BAA, you must be willing to change the plan!

range C

Jason Bloomberg

President, Intellyx

jason@intellyx.com

@theebizwizard

Send email NOW to afei@intellyx.com to download this presentation

Thank You!

Does Agile Enterprise Architecture = Agile + Enterprise Architecture?

Technology

Transcript of Does Agile Enterprise Architecture = Agile + Enterprise Architecture?

The Four Styles of Enterprise Architecture · The Four Styles of Enterprise Architecture ... -- The Agile Manifesto. ... PSI Controller Promoter Supporter Analyst

AGILE DATA ARCHITECTURE - Thought Magicthoughtmagic.com/.../10/Agile-DA-Cheaper-Faster-Better.pdf11/10/14 1 AGILE DATA ARCHITECTURE CHEAPER, FASTER, BETTER Mark Ouska, CDMP Enterprise

Doing Enterprise Architecture - WordPress.com · 8 Doing Enterprise Architecture: Enabling the agile institution has a much broader sweep, being concerned with the enterprise as a

Ch 19 Agile Enterprise Architecture (Rev3)Chapter19(–(Architecture…( 2010,Leffingwell,LLC.( 19;3(Ch(19(Agile(Enterprise(Architecture((Rev3).docx(technologies, and techno speak

AGILE ENTERPRISE METADATA MANAGEMENT · AGILE ENTERPRISE METADATA MANAGEMENT ... ARCHITECTURE OPTIONS FOR METADATA MANAGEMENT Below are the six main data architectures that we have

Agile Enterprise Architecture? Oxymoron or Savior?

ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE, DESIGN THINKING AND AGILE ...

Agile Architecture · the force of digital convergence and transformation, executives seek agile enterprise architecture approaches and technologies that are fit for purpose.” Trusted

Agile Architecture - Sparx Systems · PDF fileAgile Architecture Model Design ... “As the constraints of the traditional enterprise architecture approach are replaced by ... enterprise

Enabling an Agile Healthcare Enterprise Architecture with ...Enabling an Agile Healthcare Enterprise Architecture ... Enterprise Data Stores Regional Data ... DCMO } SPARQL Example

Agile Enterprise Architecture Management - Entwicklertag · 1. Turbulent Times Accelerating growth, heterogeneity, connectedness and change 2. Enterprise Architecture & Enterprise

Enterprise Architecture, the Agile Way

Ch 19 Agile Enterprise Architecture (Rev 2)Chapter19(–(Architecture…( 2010,Leffingwell,LLC.( 19;3(Ch(19(Agile(Enterprise(Architecture((Rev(2).docx(technologies, and techno speak

Introductions An Introduction to the Overview of ... · 5/30/2008 · FEA: Federal Enterprise Architecture TOGAF: The Open Group Architecture Framework AEA: Agile Enterprise Architecture

Agile Architecture + Outsourcing = Agile Outsourcing Build, Auto Test, SCM •Technical Debt & Risk Analysis, Enterprise Alignment •Complexity Management, Agile Modeling •Design

An Agile Enterprise Architecture Driven Model for ... · Agile Enterprise Architecture not required and a minimum documentation is required Ambler 2014a Agile EA should be a team

Agile Architecture - UML tools for software development ... · PDF file“As the constraints of the traditional enterprise architecture approach ... executives seek agile enterprise

Agile enterprise architecture

Agile, TOGAF and Enterprise Architecture: Will They Blend?

Applying Agile in Enterprise ArchitectureOctober 2015 MASTER THESIS Applying Agile in Enterprise Architecture Martijn Hensema Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer